Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide kwiGold Concentrate Leaching

intshayelelo

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, inkqubo ye-cyanidation isetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhupheni igolide kwi -gold concentrate . I-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo njengoko isabela negolide ukwenza i-soluble gold cyanide complexes, enokuthi emva koko isetyenzwe ngakumbi ukuze ibuyiselwe igolide. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe -sodium cyanide akugcini nje ngokunyusa iindleko zemveliso kodwa kukwaphakamisa neenkxalabo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo ngenxa yetyhefu ye-cyanide. Ke ngoko, ukufumana iindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-Sodium Cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhupha igolide kubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zombini izizathu zoqoqosho kunye nezokusingqongileyo.

Izinto ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide

IMineraloji yeGold Concentrate

Ukwakheka kwegolide exutyiweyo kunempembelelo enkulu ekusetyenzisweni kweSodium cyanide . Iiminerali ezifana ne-pyrite, i-pyrrhotite, i-chalcopyrite, kunye nezinye iiminerali ze-sulfide zinokusabela kwi-cyanide kunye ne-oxygen ngexesha lokukhuhla. Umzekelo, i-pyrite inokukhuhla xa kukho i-oxygen kunye ne-cyanide, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhiweni kwee-complexes ezahlukeneyo ze-iron-cyanide kunye nokutya i-cyanide kule nkqubo. Ngaphezu koko, iiminerali ze-copper nazo zinokubangela ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-cyanide. I-Copper yenza ii-complexes ze-cyanide ezizinzileyo, kwaye xa kukho umxholo ophezulu we-copper kwisisombululo sokukhuhla, uxinzelelo lwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka lonyuswe ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi we-leaching wegolide, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kukhule ngakumbi.

Iimeko zokuLeaching

Ixabiso le-pH

I-pH ye-leaching slurry yinto ebalulekileyo. I-Cyanide ikhona kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-pH. Kwi-pH ephantsi, i-cyanide inokwenza i-hydrolyze ukuze yenze i-hydrogen cyanide, into eguqukayo neyingozi. Ukuthintela oku, i-pH yesixokelelwano se-leaching idla ngokugcinwa iphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-10 - 11.5. Kodwa i-pH ephezulu kakhulu inokuchaphazela kakubi inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi, njengokunciphisa umsebenzi wee-enzymes ezithile okanye ukubangela imvula yeeyoni zetsimbi, ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide.

Ukubonelela nge-Aeration kunye ne-Oxygen

Ukubonelela ngeoksijini okwaneleyo kubalulekile kwi-oxidation yegolide kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zegolide-cyanide. Ukungonelanga kwe-aeration okanye amanqanaba aphantsi e-oksijini anokunciphisa i-leaching reaction, ekhokelela ekukhutshweni okungaphelelanga kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokongeza i-cyanide ukufumana iziphumo ezingcono. Kwelinye icala, i-aeration egqithisileyo inokukhokelela kwi-oxidation engeyomfuneko yezinye iiminerali kugxininiso, kananjalo kuqhuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide.

Amaqhinga okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide

Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kweGold Concentrate

Unyango lwe-Oxidative

Iindlela zokunyangwa kwangaphambili kwe-oxidative zinokususa okanye ziguqule iiminerali ezitya icyanide kugxininiso lwegolide. Ukutshiza kuyindlela eqhelekileyo, apho ukufudumeza i-concentrate phambi kwe-oksijini i-oxidizes minerals ye-sulfide kwaye iguqule iiminerali ezinentsimbi zibe ziifom ezizinzileyo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwazo nge-cyanide ngexesha lokucoca okulandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhotsa kunemiqobo efana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nongcoliseko lwendalo olunokubakho. I-Bio-oxidation, usebenzisa ii-microorganisms ezifana ne-Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, ithambile, inamandla ngakumbi, kunye ne-eco-friendly alternative. Ikhetha i-oxidizes ye-sulfide minerals, isusa ngokufanelekileyo ezo zitya i-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa imfuno ye-sodium cyanide ekutyeni.

I-Flotation yokususwa kobhedu

Xa ugxininiso lwegolide luqulethe isixa esibalulekileyo sezimbiwa zobhedu, ukuphaphatheka kunokusetyenziswa njengenyathelo lonyango lwangaphambili. Ngokuhlula iiminerali zethusi kwiqhekeza eliphethe igolide, linciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide okubangelwa yi-copper-cyanide complex formation. Ugxininiso olushiyekileyo olutyebileyo lwegolide lunokuthi emva koko lube ne-cyanide leaching kunye nedosi esezantsi ye-sodium cyanide.

UkuPhuculwa kweeMeko zeLeaching

Ukulawula i-pH

Ukugcina i-pH efanelekileyo kunye nezinzile kubalulekile. Ikalika idla ngokusetyenziswa ukunyenyisa ipH yodaka olumanzi. Ayiphakamisi nje i-pH ukuthintela i-cyanide hydrolysis kodwa ikwanceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngokuphembelela izinga le-leaching yobhedu kunye nokuthintela ukubunjwa kweekhompawundi ezithile ezitya i-cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, isixa sekalika kufuneka silawulwe ngononophelo, njengoko ikalika egqithisileyo inokubangela imvula yeeyoni zesinyithi eziluncedo okanye inyuse i-viscosity ye-slurry, ithintele ukusasazwa kwe-reactant. Uphando lovavanyo lubonisa ukuba ukongeza malunga ne-1 - 2 kg/t yekalika ukulungisa i-pH ibe malunga ne-10.5 - 11.5 kaninzi kuzuza iziphumo ezilungileyo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngelixa kugcinwe amazinga aphezulu egolide.

Ukuphucula iAeration

Ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwegolide okusebenzayo kunye ne-sodium cyanide encinci, izinga lokungena umoya lifuna ukuphuculwa. Uninzi lwezityalo ze-cyanidation zegolide zisebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphantsi, iicompressor zomoya ezingenawo ioyile zokubonelela komoya. Ubuchwephesha obunjengokufaka ihood emngxunyeni omncinci ekupheleni kombhobho wobonelelo-moya ukwenza amaqamza amaninzi anobubanzi obuncinci kunokonyusa indawo yonxibelelwano phakathi kweoksijini kunye nodaka olumanzi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-oxidation yegolide kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide ngokungeyomfuneko. Ukufakela ivalve yokukhangela ukuthintela ukubuya komoya kwakhona kuzinzisa inkqubo yokungenisa umoya. Ukulungelelanisa isantya sokuphefumla ngokweempawu zokuxinana kunye neemeko zokuvuza kunceda ukugcina ugxininiso lweoksijini elolona luphezulu eludaka, ukukhuthaza ukuvuza kwegolide kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo

Izongezo eziSekwe kwiNkokeli

Ukongeza izongezo ezisekelwe kwi-lead, njenge-nitrate ye-lead, ngaphambi kokuba i-cyanide leaching inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ii-ion zelothe zisabela ngokungcola okufana ne-sulfide ion kwi-concentrate yegolide ukuze zenze iimvula ezinganyibilikiyo, zinciphisa uphazamiseko lwazo kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwecyanide. Umzekelo, ekuvuzeni ores zegolide kunye ne-sulfide ephezulu yezimbiwa, ukongeza i-300 - 600 g / t ye-nitrate yelothe kunye ne-alkali pretreatment yeeyure ezi-2 - 3 kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ukusuka kwi-2500 - 3000 g / t ukuya kwi-1200 - 1500 g / t kunye nokwandisa i-2% ye-leaching yegolide nge-4%.

Alternative Lixiviants okanye izongezo

Ezinye ii-lixiviants ezizezinye okanye izongezo zingasetyenziswa kunye necyanide ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide ngokubanzi. I-Glycine, i-non-toxic, i-recyclable, kunye ne-biodegradable amino acid, yenye yokhetho olunjalo. Kwezinye iimeko, iteknoloji ye-glycine-based leaching technology iphumelele ukunciphisa i-cyanide enkulu ngelixa igcina amaxabiso okubuyisela igolide afana neendlela zendabuko ze-cyanidation. Ukongeza i-surfactants ethile kunokuphucula ukumanzi kwamasuntswana egolide kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto ezisabelayo kwi-leaching slurry, enokunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.

isiphelo

Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhupha igolide exineneyo ngumsebenzi onzima kodwa obalulekileyo. Ngokuqonda izinto ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kunye nokusebenzisa amaqhinga afana nonyango lwangaphambi konyango, ukuphucula iimeko zokukhupha igolide, kunye nokusebenzisa izongezo, kunokwenziwa ukunciphisa okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Oku kuzuzisa amashishini okumba igolide ngokwezoqoqosho ngokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kwaye kunceda ukunciphisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide. Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kule ndawo kulindeleke ukuba kuvelise iinkqubo zokukhupha igolide ezisebenzayo nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwixesha elizayo.