I-sodium cyanide vs. Ii-Arhente zokuLeaching ezihambelana nokusiNgqongileyo: Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa

I. Intshayelelo

Kwintsimi ye ukumbiwa kwegolide, ukhetho lwe i-arhente evuzayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yotsalo. I-sodium cyanide kudala iyindlela-yokukhetha ukutsalwa kwegolide ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ekunyibilikiseni igolide kwi-ores. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhula kogxininiso ekukhuselweni kwendalo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, iintlobo ezintsha ze ii-arhente zokucoca ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ziye zavela njengezinye iindlela. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuthelekiseni ngokubanzi sodium cyanide kunye neearhente zokushishina kokusingqongileyo ezivela kwiinkalo ezininzi, kubandakanywa nokwakheka kwazo, isantya sokuvuza, ukusebenzisa, izinga lokubuyisela, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye neemfuno zothutho. Ngokwenza njalo, sinethemba lokunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kushishino lwemigodi yegolide ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokukhethwa kwee-arhente zokubolekisa.

II. Ukuqamba

2.1 Isodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide yi-chemical compound kunye ne-formula ye-NaCN. Iqulethe i-98% ye-sodium cyanide ecocekileyo. Njengesiseko esinamandla kwaye sibuthathaka - ityuwa ye-asidi, ineempawu ezininzi eziphawulekayo. Ngokwasemzimbeni, kubonakala ngathi ziikristale ezimhlophe eziqinileyo, ezityekele ekubeni yi-deliquescence, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ifunxa ngokulula ukufuma emoyeni. Ikwanayo ne-almond ekrakra ekrakra - njengevumba. Ngokomchiza, iyasebenza kakhulu. I-hydrolyzes emanzini ukwenza i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) kunye ne-sodium hydroxide, kunye nesisombululo esinamandla e-alkaline. I-sodium cyanide inokusabela ngeendidi zesinyithi, njengentsimbi, i-zinc, i-nickel, ubhedu, i-cobalt, isilivere, kunye ne-cadmium, ukwenza iicyanides zetsimbi ezihambelanayo. Phambi kweoksijini, inokunyibilikisa ngokufanelekileyo iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide nesilivere, zenze iityuwa ezizinzile ezintsonkothileyo, ezisisiseko sokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kwishishini lemigodi yegolide yokutsalwa kwegolide. Nangona kunjalo, iyityhefu kakhulu. Kwanomlinganiselo omncinane, xa ufunxeka ngokudibana nolusu, ukuphefumla, okanye ukusezela, unokuba yingozi ebantwini nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo.

2.2 Okusingqongileyo - ii-Arhente zokuLeaching ezinobuhlobo

Imeko-bume - iiarhente ezivuzayo zokucoca ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukwakheka kwazo kuyilelwe ukuphumeza ukutsalwa kwegolide okusebenzayo ngelixa kuncitshiswa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, enye indawo eqhelekileyo - ii-agents ezivuzayo ezinobungane ziqulethe i-glycine ephezulu kunye ne-sodium iodide. I-Glycine, njengeyona amino acid ilula, ayinayo ityhefu kokusingqongileyo nakubantu. Kwinkqubo ye-leaching, inokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo kunye ne-ion zegolide, iququzelele ukuchithwa kwegolide kwi-ores. I-sodium iodide nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo. I-Iodide ions inokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ze-redox kunye neenkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi-ukwakheka, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide. La macandelo asebenza ngokubambisana ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwe-arhente ye-leaching. Ubukho bezithako ezinjalo abuvumeli kuphela ukutsalwa kwegolide okusebenzayo kodwa kunciphisa ubungozi obunokubakho kokusingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa nesodium cyanide yesintu. Ukongeza, ezinye izinto ezisingqongileyo-ezinobungane ze-leaching agents zinokuqulatha ezinye izongezo okanye i-chelating agents ezikhethwe ngononophelo ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo ye-leaching, njengezinto ezinokuhlengahlengisa ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo se-leaching, ukulawula ukunyibilika kwee-ion zetsimbi, okanye ukomeleza ukukhethwa kwe-arhente ye-leaching ukuya kwigolide.

III. Inqanaba leLeaching

3.1 Ukusebenza kweSodium Cyanide

Izinga lokuvuza kwesodium cyanide licotha noko. Kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide, ukusabela phakathi kwe-sodium cyanide kunye negolide kwi-ore kuchatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo zentsimbi ekrwada kunokuthintela isantya sokusabela. Ukuba i-ore iqulethe isixa esibalulekileyo samaminerali e-sulfide, njenge-pyrite (), i-sulfide inokusabela nge-oksijini emoyeni kunye namanzi ukuze yenze i-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye nezinye izinto. Le ndawo ene-acidic inokukhawulezisa i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide, evelisa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (), engabangeli nje ukulahlekelwa kwe-sodium cyanide kodwa inciphisa ukuxinwa okusebenzayo kwe-ejenti ye-leaching kwisisombululo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa izinga le-leaching yegolide. Ukongeza, ubukhulu be-particle ye-ore nayo inempembelelo ephawulekayo. Amasuntswana ore amakhulu anomlinganiselo omncinci - ukuya kumthamo wevolumu, okuthetha ukuba indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwesodium cyanide negolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ilinganiselwe. Ngenxa yoko, izinga lokuphendula liyancitshiswa, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukufezekisa iqondo elithile lokutsalwa kwegolide. Umzekelo, kweminye imigodi yegolide yemveli kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide leaching, inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi inokuthatha iintsuku ezininzi ukuya kwiiveki ukugqiba, enganelisi nje kuphela umjikelo wemveliso kodwa ikwanyusa iindleko zemveliso.

3.2 Ukwenziwa komsebenzi kokusiNgqongileyo - ii-Arhente zokuLeaching ezinobuhlobo

Okusingqongileyo - ii-arhente zokutshiza ezinobuhlobo ngokubanzi zibonisa isantya esikhawulezayo sokuvuza xa kuthelekiswa nesodium cyanide. Thatha ezinye ii-agent ezikhuphayo ezine-glycine kunye ne-sodium iodide njengomzekelo. I-Glycine inokwenza iikhompleksi ezizinzileyo ezine-ion zegolide ngokusebenzisa amaqela ayo e-amino kunye ne-carboxyl. Ukwenziwa kwezi zintsonkothileyo yinkqubo ekhawulezayo noko. Phambi kweoksijini, i-glycine inokusabela ngokukhawuleza ngegolide kwi-ore ukuyichitha. I-sodium iodide nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo. I-Iodide ions inokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-redox reactions, ikhuthaza i-oxidation yegolide. Indibaniselwano yezi zinto zimbini inokukhawulezisa kakhulu inkqubo yokucoca. Uphando lubonise ukuba kwiimvavanyo ezininzi, xa usebenzisa indawo enjalo - i-agents leaching friendly, ixesha elifunekayo ukufikelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokutsalwa kwegolide lifutshane kakhulu kunesodium cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko ezithile, ixesha le-leaching lingancitshiswa ngesiqingatha okanye nangaphezulu. Eli zinga likhawulezayo lokuvuza aliphuculi nje ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kodwa likwavumela iinkampani zemigodi ukuba zifumane iimveliso zegolide ngokukhawuleza, kukhawulezisa umjikelo wengeniso eyinkunzi. Ukongeza, indawo ethile - iiarhente zokutshiza ezinobuhlobo ziyilelwe ukuba zilungelelanise ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi. Banokuthi ngokufanelekileyo bakhuphe igolide kwi-ores eneziqulatho ezintsonkothileyo, begcina inqanaba eliphezulu lokuvuza, nto leyo iluncedo i-sodium cyanide ayinayo.

IV. Ixabiso lokuSetyenziswa

Ngokwezinga lokusetyenziswa, i-sodium cyanide kunye nokusingqongileyo - ii-agent zokucoca ezinobuhlobo zithelekiseka kakhulu.

4.1 Ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide

Kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide usebenzisa i-sodium cyanide, ukusetyenziswa kuchaphazeleka ngezinto ezininzi. Ukwakhiwa kwemichiza yentsimbi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba intsimbi ekrwada iqulethe isixa esikhulu sesinyithi esinokusebenza ngesodium cyanide, njengobhedu, i-zinc, nentsimbi, ezi ntsimbi ziya kukhuphisana negolide ngesodium cyanide. I-ion ze-Copper kwi-ore zinokusabela kunye ne-sodium cyanide ukwenza i-copper cyanide complexes. I-reaction equation yile. Oku akukhokelela kuphela ekusetyenzisweni kwe-sodium cyanide kodwa kunciphisa ukugxila kwayo okusebenzayo kwigolide. Kwezinye iimeko, xa i-ore inomxholo ophezulu wezinto ezinjalo eziphazamisayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kunokunyusa kakhulu. Ukongezelela, ubukho beeminerali ezithile ezifana ne-sulfide bunokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Iiminerali ze-sulfide zinokusabela ngeoksijini emoyeni nasemanzini ukuze zenze i-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye nezinye izinto kwindawo yokucoca. Le ndawo ene-asidi inokukhawulezisa i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide, ivelisa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (), ebangela ukulahlekelwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza kunye ne-ores eneziqulatho ezizinzileyo, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide liye lafundwa kakuhle kwaye lasekwa kwishishini. Umzekelo, kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokumbiwa kwegolide ngohlobo oluthile lwentsimbi ekrwada, ukusetyenziswa kwesodium cyanide kusenokuba malunga nexabiso elithile ngetoni nganye yentsimbi ekrwada esetyenzisiweyo, esebenza njengesalathiso kwiinkampani zemigodi ukuba zicwangcise kwaye zilawule ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwe-reagent.

4.2 Ukusetyenziswa kokusiNgqongileyo - ii-Arhente zokuLeaching ezinobuhlobo

Imeko-bume - ii-agent ezivuzayo ezinobuhlobo, ngaphandle kokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, zinezinga lokusetyenziswa elifana nesodium cyanide. Thatha i-glycine - kunye ne-sodium - iodide - i-leaching agents esekelwe njengomzekelo. I-Glycine, nangona ingeyotyhefu kwaye inendlela yokusabela eyahlukileyo xa ithelekiswa nesodium cyanide, isabela ngokwe-stoichiometrically kunye negolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. I-carboxyl kunye namaqela e-amino e-glycine anokwenza ii-complex kunye ne-ion zegolide. Inkqubo yokusabela izinzile, kwaye inani le-glycine elifunekayo ukunyibilikisa inani elithile legolide lichongwa yi-chemical reaction equation. Iodide ye-sodium nayo ithatha inxaxheba ekuphenduleni, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuhambelana neempendulo ze-redox kunye ne-complex - ukwakheka kweenkqubo ezibandakanyekayo. Kwizicelo ezininzi ezisebenzayo kunye novavanyo, kufunyaniswe ukuba xa kunyangwa ubungakanani obufanayo bentsimbi ekrwada enomxholo ofanayo kunye neempawu zegolide, isixa sendalo esingqongileyo-iarhente yokucoca enobuhlobo esetyenzisiweyo iyalingana nesodium cyanide. Oku kufana kweqondo lokusetyenziswa kunenzuzo kwiinkampani zemigodi njengoko kuvumela utshintsho olungenamthungo ngokumalunga nokucwangciswa kwemveliso kunye noqikelelo lweendleko xa kuqwalaselwa ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-sodium cyanide ukuya kwimo engqongileyo-ezinye iindlela ezinobuhlobo. Kuthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba benze utshintsho olukhulu kwi-reagent yabo - ukuthenga kunye ne-inventory - izicwangciso zokulawula ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu kumazinga okusetyenziswa.

V. Ireyithi yokuBuyisa

5.1 Ireyithi yokuBuyisa kwakhona iSodium Cyanide

Izinga lokufunyanwa kwe-sodium cyanide ekukhutshweni kwegolide limiselwe kakuhle kwishishini lemigodi yegolide ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunye nophando. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo kunye neentlobo ezithile ze-ores, i-sodium cyanide inokufikelela kumazinga aphezulu okubuyisela igolide. Umzekelo, kweminye imigodi yegolide elawulwa kakuhle ene-ores efanelekile ngokwentelekiso yesodium cyanide leaching, izinga lokubuyisela linokufikelela kuma-95% okanye nangaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi zehlabathi zokwenyani, elona zinga lokubuyisela linokuba lisezantsi. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ubukho bezinye isinyithi kwi-ore bunokuchaphazela kakhulu izinga lokubuyisela. Ukuba intsimbi ekrwada iqulethe isixa esikhulu sobhedu, i-zinc, okanye intsimbi, ezi zinyithi ziya kusabela nge-sodium cyanide, zitye i-agent ekhuphayo kunye nokunciphisa inani elikhoyo lokuvuza kwegolide. Ngenxa yoko, izinga lokubuyisela igolide lingahla. Ukongezelela, iimeko zokusebenza ezingafanelekanga, ezifana nokulawulwa kwexabiso le-pH engafanelekanga, ukubonelelwa kwe-oksijini eyaneleyo, okanye isantya esingafanelekanga sokuphazamiseka ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni izinga lokubuyisela. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo se-leaching liphantsi kakhulu, i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide iya kukhawuleziswa, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwe-ejenti yokukhupha kunye nokunciphisa ukugxila okusebenzayo kokuchithwa kwegolide, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela izinga lokubuyisela.

5.2 Ireyithi yokuBuyisa kwakhona kweNdawo - ii-Arhente zokuLeaching ezinobuhlobo

Izinga lokuchacha kokusingqongileyo - iiarhente ezivuzayo ziyafana nesodium cyanide. Imeko-bume - ii-arhente zokucoca ezinobuhlobo zinokufikelela kwinqanaba lokubuyisela elimalunga ne-90 - 95% yesodium cyanide. Thatha i-glycine - kunye ne-sodium - iodide - i-leaching agents esekelwe njengomzekelo. Kwiimfuniselo zaselabhoratri kunye novavanyo oluthile lwasendle, xa kunyangwa iintsimbi ezineempawu ezikrwada ezifanayo, ezi bume - iiarhente ezivuzayo ezinobuhlobo zibonise ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu ekutsalweni kwegolide. Nangona amazinga abo okubuyisela angaphantsi kancinci kunesodium cyanide kwezinye iimeko, asephakathi koluhlu olwamkelekileyo. Umzekelo, kumgodi othile wegolide apho intsimbi ekrwada inokwakheka okulula, emva kokutshintshela kwisodium cyanide ukuya kwindawo - friendly leaching agent, izinga lokubuyiswa kwegolide lehlile ukusuka kuma-93% (ngesodium cyanide) ukuya kuma-90% (kunye nokusingqongileyo - i-agent leaching friendly), ukuncitshiswa kwepesenti ezi-3 kuphela. Lo mahluko mncinane kwizinga lokubuyisela udla ngokulungiswa ziingenelo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo - iiarhente zokuchwetheza ezinobuhlobo, ezinje ngobuhlobo babo bokusingqongileyo, isantya esikhawulezayo sokuvuza, kunye nezinga elifanayo lokusetyenziswa. Ngaphezu koko, ngophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso, ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo - ii-agent zokucoca ezinobuhlobo zihlala ziphucula. Izazinzulu zisebenza ekwandiseni ukubunjwa kwezi arhente zokuchwechwela, zongeza izongezelelo ezitsha okanye zilungelelanise ireshiyo yamacandelo asele ekhona ukunyusa ngakumbi amaxabiso okubuyisela igolide. Ngenxa yoko, umsantsa kumazinga okubuyisela kwakhona phakathi kokusingqongileyo - ii-agent zokucoca ezinobuhlobo kunye ne-sodium cyanide kulindeleke ukuba zibe mxinwa ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.

VI. Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo

6.1 Iingozi zeSodium Cyanide

Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye ibeka isoyikiso esimandla kokusingqongileyo. Xa i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukumbiwa kwegolide, iintsalela zeziphumo ziqulethe umlinganiselo othile wentsalela ye-sodium cyanide kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ukuba ayiphathwanga kakuhle, le misila inokuba nothotho lweempembelelo ezimbi. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iimeko apho ii-tailings zikhutshelwa emanzini, i-sodium cyanide kwi-tailings inokunyibilika emanzini, ikhuphe i-ion cyanide enetyhefu kakhulu. Ezi ion ze-cyanide zinokusabela ngee-ion zetsimbi emanzini ukuze zenze iintlobo ngeentlobo zesinyithi - ii-cyanide complexes, eziyingozi kakhulu kwizinto eziphila emanzini. Nangona kugxininiso oluphantsi kakhulu, i-cyanide inokuthintela i-enzymes yokuphefumla yentlanzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini, ezikhokelela ekufeni kwazo. Kwakhona kunokuphazamisa ibhalansi eqhelekileyo yendalo yomzimba wamanzi, echaphazela ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kweplankton, izityalo zasemanzini, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo kumanqanaba asezantsi ekhonkco lokutya, ekugqibeleni kubangele ukuhla okuphawulekayo kwi-biodiversity ye-ecosystem yonke yasemanzini.

Ukongezelela, ukuba i-tailings equkethe i-sodium cyanide ishiywe emoyeni evulekileyo, inokuchithwa ngumoya kunye nemvula. I-cyanide - equlethe izinto ezikwi-tailing inokuthwalwa ngamanzi emvula kumhlaba okufutshane kunye neenkqubo zamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Oku kunokungcolisa umhlaba, kunciphise ukuchuma komhlaba kwaye kuchaphazele ukukhula kwezityalo. I-Cyanide inokungena kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, nto leyo eyenza amanzi aphantsi komhlaba angakulungeli ukusetyenziswa ngabantu kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwezolimo. Kweminye imimandla apho imigodi yegolide esebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ikhona, ukujongwa kwexesha elide kokusingqongileyo kubonise ukuba umhlaba kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwiindawo ezingqongileyo ziye zangcoliswa ngokwemilinganiselo eyahluka-hlukeneyo, kunye namazinga aphezulu e-cyanide kunye neentsimbi ezinzima, ezinempembelelo yexesha elide elibi kwimeko yendalo yendawo kunye neemeko zokuphila kwabantu.

6.2 Okuluncedo kokusiNgqongileyo - ii-Arhente zokuLeaching ezinobuhlobo

Indalo esingqongileyo - ii-arhente zokucoca ezinobuhlobo, kwelinye icala, zibonelela ngobuhlobo obuhle bokusingqongileyo. Emva kwenkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide kusetyenziswa ezi arhente, iziphumo zemisila zinefuthe eliphantsi kakhulu kokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, indawo ethile - iiarhente ezivuzayo aziqulathanga izinto ezinetyhefu eninzi njengesodium cyanide. Xa ii-tailings zikhutshiwe okanye ziqhutyelwa phambili, akunakwenzeka ukuba zenze ungcoliseko olunzima kwindawo engqongileyo. Enyanisweni, kwezinye iimeko, ii-tailings ziphathwa ngokusingqongileyo okuthile - ii-agent zokutshiza ezinobuhlobo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphuculwa komhlaba. Umzekelo, kwezinye iiprojekthi zovavanyo, iintsalela zezimbiwa ezisuka kukrwelo lwegolide kusetyenziswa okusingqongileyo - ii-arhente zokucoca ezinobuhlobo zifunyenwe zifanelekile ukulima umhlaba emva konyango olufanelekileyo. Le misila inokudityaniswa neminye imihlaba - imathiriyeli yokuphucula kwaye isetyenziswe emhlabeni. Izinto ezikwiintsalela zezimbiwa zinokunceda ekuphuculeni ubume bomhlaba, zandise ukuchuma komhlaba, kunye nokwandisa umthamo wokubamba amanzi. Ngenxa yoko, umhlaba unokwenziwa ulungele ukukhula kwezityalo, kwaye izityalo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezityalo zinokutyalwa ngempumelelo kuwo. Oku akunciphisi kuphela umthwalo wokusingqongileyo wokulahlwa kweentsalela zezimbiwa kodwa kukwabonelela ngendlela entsha yosetyenziso olubanzi lwemithombo yeentsalela zezimbiwa, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwenkqubo yendalo kwindawo yemigodi. Ibonisa ukuba ii-arhente zokuchwetheza ezivumelana nokusingqongileyo zinokuwunciphisa ngokusebenzayo umzila wokusingqongileyo wemisebenzi yokwembiwa kwegolide kwaye zibe negalelo kubukho bentsebenziswano obufanelekileyo bemigodi nokusingqongileyo.

VII. ULungelo lwezoThutho

7.1 Isodium Cyanide

Ukuthutha i-sodium cyanide yinkqubo elawulwa kakhulu kwaye ilumke ngenxa yetyhefu eyingozi kakhulu. Isodium cyanide idinga ulwandle oluyingozi olukhethekileyo - imijelo yempahla. Iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa eziphethe i-sodium cyanide kufuneka zibe neelayisensi ezithile kwaye zithobele imimiselo engqongqo yaselwandle yamazwe ngamazwe, njenge-International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code. Le khowudi ichaza ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo, ukuphathwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto eziyingozi ngexesha lokuthuthwa elwandle ukuthintela nakuphi na ukuvuza okunokwenzeka okanye iingozi.

Ngokumalunga nokupakishwa, i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ifakwe kwi-package etywiniweyo. Idla ngokupakishwa emoyeni - izikhongozeli eziqinileyo ezenziwe ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokubola kunye nendalo esebenzayo yesodium cyanide. Ezi zikhongozeli ziyilelwe ukuba zithintele nakuphi na ukudibana nomoya, ukufuma, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokudala ukusabela okuyingozi. Ngokomzekelo, inokuthi ifakwe kwimigqomo yentsimbi kunye neengxowa zeplastiki eziphindwe kabini ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu. Ngexesha lothutho, yonke le nkqubo ibekwe esweni ngokusondeleyo, kwaye kukho amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo. Abasebenzi abakhethekileyo banoxanduva lokuphatha kunye nokuthutha i-sodium cyanide, kwaye kufuneka baqeqeshwe kakuhle ekujonganeni neemeko ezingxamisekileyo ezinxulumene nale nto inetyhefu kakhulu.

7.2 Okusingqongileyo - ii-Arhente zokuLeaching ezinobuhlobo

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, okusingqongileyo-iiarhente ezivuzayo zikonwabela ukukhululeka kwezothutho. Zinokuthuthwa ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo zothutho lweekhemikhali. Oku kuthetha ukuba zinokuthwalwa ziilori eziqhelekileyo, oololiwe, okanye iinqanawa eziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuthutha imichiza engeyongozi kakhulu. Akukho mfuneko yeendlela zokuthumela ezikhethekileyo, ezithintelweyo kakhulu njengakwimeko ye-sodium cyanide.

Ukupakishwa kokusingqongileyo - ii-arhente zokuchwetheza ezinobuhlobo nazo zithe ngqo ngakumbi, ngokuqhelekileyo zithatha ukupakishwa okusemgangathweni. Umzekelo, zisenokupakishwa kwimigqomo yeplastiki okanye kwiingxowa ezihlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo zokupakishwa kweekhemikhali. Lo mgangatho wokupakisha awuzindleko kuphela - uyasebenza kodwa wenza lula inkqubo yothutho. Kuba ezi arhente zokushishina zingenabungozi kangako, iinkampani zothutho akufuneki zityale imali kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye uqeqesho lwabasebenzi kwezothutho. Oku kwenza ikhonkco lonikezelo lwemo engqongileyo - ii-arhente zokuchwetheza ezinobuhlobo zibe bhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwaye zifikeleleke, kucutha iindleko zothutho zizonke kunye nobunzima bolungiselelo kwiinkampani zemigodi.

VIII. Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa i-sodium cyanide ibiyinto ehlala ixesha elide kwishishini lemigodi yegolide ekutsalweni kwegolide, indalo esingqongileyo - iiarhente zokuchwetheza ezinobuhlobo zibonelela ngenye indlela ezinzileyo nesebenzayo. Imeko-bume - ii-agent ze-leaching ezinobuhlobo zinezinga elikhawulezayo le-leaching, elinokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso. Amazinga abo okubuyisela athelekisekayo kwisodium cyanide aqinisekisa ukuba isixa segolide ekhutshiweyo asithotywanga kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukulungelelana kwabo kokusingqongileyo kuyinzuzo enkulu, njengoko banokunciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo ohambelana nokumbiwa kwegolide, ngakumbi malunga nokulahlwa kwee-tailings. Iimfuno zezothutho eziluncedo ngakumbi zemo engqongileyo - ii-arhente zokuchwetheza ezinobuhlobo nazo zinegalelo ekongeni kunye nokulula kolungiselelo.

Nangona kunokubakho imingeni efana neendleko zokuqala eziphezulu kwezinye iimeko okanye imfuno yokwandisa ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile ze-ore, kunye nophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso, le miba inokoyiswa. Njengoko ugxininiso lwehlabathi kukhuselo lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo luqina, ii-arhente zokuchwetheza ezinobuhlobo kwindalo esingqongileyo kulindeleke ukuba zidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu kushishino lwemigodi yegolide, ngokuthe ngcembe zibe zezona zikhethwayo ngokumbiwa kwegolide kwixesha elizayo.