Ukuphononongwa kweMigangatho yoMgangatho kunye neendlela zokufunyanwa kweSodium Cyanide

I. Iipropati eziSisiseko kunye nezicelo zeSodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide (i-NaCN) yinto ebalulekileyo ye-inorganic chemical ekrwada, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezifana nesinyithi, i-electroplating, i-pharmaceuticals, kunye ne-organic synthesis. Imveliso yayo ecocekileyo ikwimo yamasuntswana amhlophe ekristale okanye umgubo, onyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye unobutyhefu obunamandla kunye nokubola. Ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu kakhulu Isodium cyanide, yayo Ulawulo lwemeko kunye neetekhnoloji zokufumanisa zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokhuseleko lwemveliso, Ukukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye nempilo yabantu.

II. Inkqubo yoMgangatho woMgangatho weSodium Cyanide

1.Imigangatho yeSizwe (GB)

Eyangoku Mgangatho o mgangathos sodium cyanide e China zisekelwe ikakhulu "GB/T 19306-2003 Industrial Sodium Cyanide". Lo mgangatho uchaza iimfuno zobugcisa, iindlela zovavanyo, imithetho yokuhlola, kunye nokupakishwa, ukugcinwa, kunye neenkcukacha zothutho kwibakala lemizi-mveliso. Isodium cyanide. Iimpawu ezithile zezi zilandelayo:

Umxholo oPhambili (Ukubalwa njenge-NaCN): ≥ 98.0% (iBanga eliGqwesileyo), ≥ 97.0% (iBakala lokuQala)

• I-Sodium Hydrooxide (NaOH): ≤ 0.5%

• ISodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃): ≤ 1.0%

• Iintsimbi ezinzima (Zibalwe njengePb): ≤ 0.002%

• Izinto ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini: ≤ 0.05%

I-2.Imigangatho yeShishini kunye neNgcaciso yamazwe ngamazwe

• Imigangatho yoshishino kushishino lwesinyithi (efana ne-YS/T 53-2020) ibeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokucoceka nokungacoceki komxholo wesodium cyanide, ezisebenza kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokutsalwa kwegolide.

• Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (efana ne-ISO 14649) igxininisa ukufunyaniswa kobunyulu kunye nokulandelela uhlalutyo lokungacoceki kwe-sodium cyanide ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenza izinto eziphezulu.

III. Iindlela eziphambili zokuchongwa kweSodium Cyanide

1.IiNdlela zokuHlalutywa kweMichiza

• Indlela yeSilver Nitrate Titration (iNdlela yokuLawula):

Sebenzisa ulwakhiwo lwe-Ag(CN)₂⁻ ezinzileyo phakathi kwe-Ag⁺ kunye ne-CN⁻. I-Titrate ngesisombululo esiqhelekileyo se-nitrate yesilivere kwaye usebenzise iodide ye-potassium njengesalathisi. Ekugqibeleni, imvula ye-iodide yesilivere yenziwa.

Ifomula yokuphendula: AgNO₃ + 2NaCN → Na[Ag(CN)₂] + NaNO₃

• Indlela ye-Acid-Base Titration:

Isetyenziselwa ukumisela umxholo we-sodium hydroxide. Sebenzisa i-phenolphthalein njengesalathisi kunye ne-titrate ngesisombululo esiqhelekileyo se-hydrochloric acid.

2.Iindlela zokuhlalutya izixhobo

• Ion Chromatography (IC):

Ukwahlula i-CN⁻ ngokusebenzisa ikholamu yokutshintshiselana kwe-anion kwaye ufezekise ukufumanisa okubukhali kakhulu ngokudibanisa ne-conductivity detector, efanelekileyo kuhlalutyo lwe-cyanides yokulandelela.

• I-Spectrophotometry:

Ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokusabela phakathi kwe-cyanide kunye ne-agent ye-chromogenic (efana ne-isonicotinic acid-pyrazolone) ukwenza i-compound eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye inqume umxholo ngokulinganisa ukuxhamla.

• I-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS):

Khangela ukungcola kwesinyithi esinzima (okufana ne-Pb, Cu) kwaye ufezekise ukuchaneka kwenqanaba le-ppm usebenzisa i-flame okanye i-graphite ye-atomization technology.

3.Ezinye izinto zokuFumana

• Ukumiselwa kobumanzi: Sebenzisa indlela yeKarl Fischer okanye ilahleko kwindlela yokomisa.

• Uhlalutyo lobungakanani beNcam: Sebenzisa indlela ye-laser diffraction okanye indlela yokuhluza.

IV. Inkqubo yokuFumana kunye namanqaku aPhambili oLawulo loMgangatho

1.Ukuphatha iSampuli

• Isodium cyanide ine-hygroscopic kakhulu. Xa usenza iisampulu, sebenzisa isikhongozeli esomileyo kwaye usigcine ngendlela etywiniweyo ukunqanda ubuqhophololo obuchaphazela iziphumo zokubhaqwa.

• Kwiisampulu ezinetyhefu kakhulu, umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe kwi-fume hood, kwaye unxibe izixhobo zokukhusela (ezifana ne-mask yegesi kunye neeglavu).

2.Izinto eziNgxaki kunye neziSombululo

• Ukuphazamiseka kweSulfidi: Yongeza ihydrogen peroxide ukuphelisa iimpembelelo zeS²⁻.

• Imekobume eneAcidic: Ngaphambi kokufumanisa, lungisa i-pH yesisombululo kwinqanaba le-alkaline (pH> 11) ukukhusela ukuguquguquka kwe-HCN.

3.Imilinganiselo yoLawulo loBulunga

• Lungiselela izixhobo (ezifana neechromatographs ze-ion kunye neebhalansi) rhoqo.

• Sebenzisa izinto eziqinisekisiweyo zereferensi (CRM) zokuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa (okufunekayo ukuba yi-95% -105%).

• Ukuqhuba ukuzimisela okufanayo komntu kabini, kwaye ukuphambuka kwesiphumo kufuneka kube ≤ 0.3%.

V. uKhuseleko loKhuseleko kunye neeMfuno zokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo

1.IiNgcaciso zokuSebenza

• Isisombululo se-sodium cyanide kufuneka sigcinwe kwindawo emnyama ukuphepha ukubola kwegesi yeHCN ngenxa yokukhanya.

• Ukunyangwa kwenkunkuma yolwelo, yongeza ubuninzi be-sodium hypochlorite okanye i-hydrogen peroxide ukuze i-oxidize kwaye idibanise i-cyanide kwindawo ekhuselekileyo (CN⁻ ≤ 0.5 mg / L).

2.Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo

• Ngokutsho "kweMimiselo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweMichiza enobungozi" e-China, inkqubo yokulawula "i-Doubles Five" (irisithi yabantu ababini kunye nokuthunyelwa, ukugcinwa komntu kabini, njl.) kufuneka iphunyezwe kwi-sodium cyanide.

• Ilabhoratri yokufumanisa kufuneka iphumelele isiqinisekiso se-CMA ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwedatha.

VI. IiNdlela zoPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo

1. Itekhnoloji yoFundo oluzenzekelayo: Hlanganisa i-intanethi ekufutshane ne-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) kunye nokufunda komatshini ukufezekisa ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela lenkqubo yokuvelisa.

2. Iindlela zokuFumana okuluhlaza: Phuhlisa indlela yetyuwa engenamekyuri ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo.

3. Itekhnoloji yoHlalutyo lomkhondo: Ulwelo oluphezulu kakhulu lwekhromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukungcola kwinqanaba le-ppb.

isiphelo

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-sodium cyanide iyona nto ikhonkco yokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo okukhuselekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa umgangatho Indlela yokufumanisas kunye neenkqubo ezingqongqo zolawulo lomgangatho, imingcipheko yemveliso ingancitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ishishini linokukhuthazwa ukuba liphuhlise ngendlela eluhlaza kunye nengqiqo. Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokutsha kobuchwepheshe bokufumanisa, imigangatho yomgangatho we-sodium cyanide iya kuhlanjululwa ngakumbi, inikezela ngenkxaso ethembekileyo kwintsimi yokuvelisa ephezulu.