Impendulo engxamisekileyo kwiiNgozi zokuvuza zeSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide yikhemikhali eyityhefu kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana nesinyithi, i-electroplating, kunye nemigodi yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obugqithisileyo, nakuphi na ukuvuza kwe sodium cyanide kunokubangela ingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu nakwimekobume. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ube nomfanekiso ocacileyo kunye osebenzayo impendulo engxamisekileyo isicwangciso esikhoyo sezehlo ezinjalo.

Iipropati kunye neeNgozi zeSodium Cyanide

Isodium cyanide (NaCN) yikristale eqinileyo emhlophe. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye inokukhupha igesi yehydrogen cyanide (HCN) xa kukho iiasidi okanye phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo. IHydrogen cyanide yirhasi eguquguqukayo neyityhefu kakhulu eneempawu ezikrakra - ivumba le-almond (nangona ingenguye wonke umntu onokulibona eli vumba).

Ukungakhuseleki kwi Isodium cyanide inokwenzeka ngokuphefumla, ukungeniswa, okanye ukudibana kwesikhumba. Ukuphefumla irhasi yehydrogen cyanide kunokubangela ukuba iimpawu ziqale ngokukhawuleza, kuquka isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, ukuphefumla nzima, ukuxinezeleka kwesifuba, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, kwaye kwiimeko ezimandundu, kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni zingqondo, ukuxhuzula nokufa. Ukungeniswa kwe Isodium cyanide kusenokubulala, kwaye ukudibana kolusu kunokubangela ukucaphuka kunye nokufunxa into eyityhefu emzimbeni.

Iinkqubo zokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo

1. Ukufunyanwa kokuqala kunye nokunika iNgxelo

• Isaziso sangoko: Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide kurhanelwa okanye kufunyenwe, abokuqala - abasebenzi bendawo kufuneka babike ngokukhawuleza isiganeko kumaqela achaphazelekayo angaphakathi aphendule ngokukhawuleza, njengesebe lokhuseleko lwesityalo, kunye namagunya angaphandle, kubandakanywa namasebe omlilo wendawo, i-arhente zokukhusela indalo, kunye neeofisi zolawulo olungxamisekileyo. Ukubonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nendawo yokuvuza, ubungakanani obuqikelelweyo be-sodium cyanide ebandakanyekayo, kunye nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezibonakalayo zobungozi okanye ubungozi obunokubakho.

• Uvavanyo lweengozi: Iingcali eziqeqeshiweyo kufuneka ziqhube ngokukhawuleza uvavanyo lokuqala lwengozi. Oku kuquka ukumisela ukusasazeka okunokubakho kwe-sodium cyanide evuzayo, ukuba nokwenzeka kokukhutshwa kwegesi (ukuba iimeko zilungele ukusekwa kwe-hydrogen cyanide), kunye nempembelelo enokubakho kubantu abakufutshane, imithombo yamanzi, kunye neendawo ezisingqongileyo ezinovakalelo.

2. Ukufuduka kunye nokuBekwa wedwa

• Ukufuduswa Kwabantu: Khupha bonke abasebenzi abangengobalulekanga kwindawo echaphazelekayo kunye nendawo ekhuselekileyo yesithinteli ejikelezileyo. Ukuseka iindlela zokuphuma ezicacileyo ezikwindawo evuzayo ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokuba sesichengeni kwiigesi eziyityhefu. Sebenzisa iisistim zeedilesi zikawonke-wonke, ii-alam, kunye nemiqondiso ebonakalayo ukuze ulumkise abantu. Ukubonelela ngoncedo kwabo bakhubazekileyo okanye abaneemfuno ezizodwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokufuduka.

• Ukwahlulwa koMmandla: Cwangcisa umjikelezo ojikeleze indawo yokuvuza ukuthintela ukungena okungagunyaziswanga. Ubungakanani bezowuni yokwahlula kufuneka bumiselwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nobuninzi besodium cyanide evuzayo, umhlaba, kunye necala lomoya. Iimpawu zokuxhoma kunye nezithintelo zokuphawula ngokucacileyo indawo ethintelweyo.

3. IZixhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu (PPE) kuBaphenduli

• Ukukhuselwa ngokuphefumla: Abaphenduli abangena kwindawo engcolileyo kufuneka banxibe ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lokuphefumla. Oku kunokuquka izixhobo zokuphefumla eziziphetheyo (SCBA) kwiimeko apho kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuphefumla igesi yehydrogen cyanide. Kwiimeko ezincinci-ezinzima apho ukuxinwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo zomoya ziphantsi, iziphefumlo zokucoca umoya ezineekhatriji ezifanelekileyo (ezenzelwe ukucoca iikhompawundi ze-cyanide) zingasetyenziswa, kodwa emva kovavanyo olufanelekileyo lwengozi.

• Ukukhuselwa komzimba: Nxiba iisuti zekhemikhali ezinganyangekiyo ezigquma umzimba wonke, kubandakanya iiglavu, iibhutsi, kunye nehood. Ezi mpahla kufuneka zingangenwa kwi-sodium cyanide kunye nazo naziphi na iimveliso ezinxulumene neekhemikhali. Qinisekisa ukuba iPPE ifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ikwimeko entle phambi kokusetyenziswa.

4. Ukuqulathwa kokuvuza

• Ukuvuza okuncinci: Kwizinto ezifunxayo ze-sodium cyanide ezincinci, izinto ezifunxayo ezifana nezisebenzayo ICarbon, i-vermiculite, okanye isanti ingasetyenziselwa ukufunxa into echithekileyo. Khupha izinto ezifunxiweyo uze uzibeke kwizikhongozeli ezivaliweyo nezineelebhile ukuze zilahlwe ngokufanelekileyo. Hlamba indawo echaphazelekayo ngamanzi amaninzi, ulumke ukuthintela amanzi ukuba angangeni kwiindlela zamanzi okanye kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi amdaka.

• Ukuvuza okukhulu: Kwimeko yokuvuza okukhulu, kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokuqulatha i-sodium cyanide kusetyenziswa imiqobo yomzimba. Oku kunokubandakanya ukwakha iidikhi okanye ukusebenzisa ii-booms ezifunxayo ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-sodium cyanide engamanzi. Ukuba ukuvuza kwenzeke kufuphi nomthombo wamanzi, cinga ukusebenzisa amadama anokuvutheka okanye ezinye iindlela ukuphambukisa ukuhamba kwamanzi angcolisekileyo kude neendawo ezibuthathaka. Musa ukuzama ukucoca ukuvuza okukhulu ngaphandle koqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Linda ukufika kwamaqela akhethekileyo okuphendula izinto ezinobungozi.

5. Ukucoca

• Ukuphelisa iintsholongwane ebantwini: Nabani na okhe wachanabeka kwi-sodium cyanide, mhlawumbi ngokudibana ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukuba kufuphi nendawo evuzayo, kufuneka ahlambuluke. Susa zonke iimpahla ezosulelekileyo ngoko nangoko kwaye uzifake kwiiplastiki ezivaliweyo. Hlamba umzimba ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi amaninzi ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15, ubeke ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiindawo ezifana nobuso, izandla, kunye nawo nawaphi na amanxeba avulekileyo. Ukuba amehlo abonakalisiwe, nkcenkceshela ngamanzi acocekileyo ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15. Nikela ngononophelo lwezonyango kubantu abasesichengeni ngokukhawuleza.

• Ukukhutshwa kweentsholongwane kwiNdawo: Emva kokuba ukuvuza kubanjwe, indawo engcolileyo kufuneka ihlanjululwe. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuhlamba imiphezulu ngesisombululo sebleach (sodium hypochlorite) kunye namanzi. Umlinganiselo weblitshi kumanzi kufuneka umiselwe ngokusekelwe kubunzima bongcoliseko kunye nokulandela izikhokelo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo. Inkqubo yokukhupha iintsholongwane kufuneka iqhutywe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abanxibe iPPE efanelekileyo.

6. Unyango lwabantu abavezwayo

• Uncedo lokuqala kwi-Siza: Nikeza ngokukhawuleza uncedo lokuqala kwabo baye bafumana i-sodium cyanide. Jonga iimpawu zokuphefumla kunye ne-pulse. Ukuba ixhoba aliphefumli, qalisa i-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) ngoko nangoko. Lawula ioksijini ukuba ikhona. Musa ukulibazisa ukuthutha ixhoba kwindawo yonyango.

• Unyango loNyango: Kwiziko lonyango, izigulane zinokuphathwa nge-antidotes ethile ye-cyanide poisoning, njenge-hydroxocobalamin okanye i-sodium nitrite / i-sodium thiosulfate indibaniselwano. Ukukhethwa kwe-antidote kuxhomekeke kubunzima be-exposure kunye nemeko yesigulane. Olunye unyango oluxhasayo, olufana nolwelo olufakwa emithanjeni, ulawulo lokuxhuzula, kunye nokulungiswa kwe-asidi ye-metabolic, nayo inokufuneka.

7. Ukubeka iliso kokusiNgqongileyo

• Ukujongwa koMoya: Hlala ubeka iliso umgangatho womoya ngaphakathi najikelele kwindawo echaphazelekayo kubukho begesi yehydrogen cyanide. Sebenzisa izixhobo zegesi eziphathwayo ukulinganisa ukuxinana kwerhasi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo. Misa izikhululo zokubeka iliso ezisisigxina ukuba kukho imfuneko yokulandelela ukusasazwa kwexesha elide kwerhasi.

• Ukujongwa kwamanzi: Ukuba ukuvuza kwesodium cyanide kunamandla okungcolisa imithombo yamanzi, jonga umgangatho wamanzi ezantsi kwendawo yokuvuza. Uvavanyo lobukho be-cyanide ion kumanzi angaphezulu, kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kunye nawo nawaphi na amanzi asetyenziselwa ukusela okanye ezinye iinjongo ezibalulekileyo. Ukulungelelaniswa neendawo zokucocwa kwamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo athathiweyo ukususa i-cyanide kunikezelo lwamanzi ukuba iye yachaphazeleka.

8. Ukulahlwa kweMathiriyeli eNgcolisekileyo

• Inkunkuma eqinileyo: Izinto ezingcolisekileyo zokufunxa, i-PPE esetyenzisiweyo, kunye naziphi na ezinye izinto eziqinileyo eziye zadibana ne-sodium cyanide kufuneka zifakwe kwizikhongozeli ezivaliweyo, ezibhalwe phantsi. Ezi zikhongozeli kufuneka zithuthwe zisiwe kwindawo enelayisensi yokulahla inkunkuma eyingozi ukuze iphathwe kakuhle kwaye ilahlwe.

• Inkunkuma engamanzi: Nayiphi na inkunkuma elulwelo eveliswe ngexesha lokucoca, efana namanzi angcolisekileyo asuka kungcoliseko okanye aqengqeleke kwindawo evuzayo, kufuneka iqokelelwe kwaye icocwe. Iindlela zonyango zinokubandakanya i-chemical oxidation (umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide okanye i-chlorine-based oxidants) ukwaphula iikhompawundi zecyanide zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi kangako. Akuba ecociwe, amanzi kufuneka avavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba ecyanide angaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo yokusingqongileyo ngaphambi kokuba akhutshelwe.

UVavanyo lwasemva kwesiganeko

Emva kokuba impendulo engxamisekileyo yokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide igqityiwe, yenza uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwesithuba. Olu vavanyo lufanele lubandakanye uvavanyo lwempumelelo yesicwangciso sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ukuchongwa kwazo naziphi na iintsilelo kwinkqubo yokuphendula, kunye nokumiselwa kweendawo zokuphucula. Hlaziya isicwangciso sempendulo yonxunguphalo olusekelwe kwizifundo ezifunyenwe kweso siganeko ukuze kuphuculwe ukulungela nokusabela kwixa elizayo.

isiphelo

Iingozi zokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide ziziganeko eziyingozi kakhulu ezifuna impendulo ekhawulezileyo, elungelelanisiweyo kunye necwangciswe kakuhle. Ngokulandela iinkqubo zongxamiseko ezichazwe ngasentla, iingozi kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo zinokuncitshiswa. Kubalulekile ukuba onke amashishini aphatha i-sodium cyanide abe nezicwangciso ezibanzi zokuphendula ungxamiseko endaweni, kwaye abasebenzi baqeqeshwa rhoqo malunga nendlela yokusabela kwiziganeko ezinjalo. Ukongeza, ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kwezakhono zokusabela ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.