Ityhefu yeCyanide: Iimbangela, iimpawu, kunye neMpendulo eNgxamisekileyo

I-Cyanide, ikhompawundi yeekhemikhali ezinetyhefu kakhulu, kudala ingumxholo oxhalabisayo ngenxa yokuba inokubangela ingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu. Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze i-cyanide, sodium cyanide igqama njengeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu, ehlala ibandakanyeka kwiingozi zemizi-mveliso kwaye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukutyhefwa ngabom. Ukuqonda uhlobo lwesodium ityhefu yecyanide, iimpawu zayo, kunye nempendulo efanelekileyo yongxamiseko ibalulekile ekukhuseleni ubomi kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zexesha elide zale meko enokubulala.

Ukuqonda iSodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide yi-white, crystalline solids kunye ne-almond epholileyo - njengevumba. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya imigodi, i-electroplating, kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali. Kwezi meko zemizi-mveliso, abasebenzi banokuthi batyhileke kubo Isodium cyanide ngokusebenzisa ukuphefumla, ukudibana nolusu, okanye ukuginya. Ukongeza, Isodium cyanide inokungena kwimo engqongileyo ngenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso kwaye ibeke umngcipheko kuluntu ngokubanzi.

Xa i-sodium cyanide ingena emzimbeni, iyahlukana ibe yi-cyanide ion. Ezi ion zibophelela kwi-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme eyimfuneko ekuphefumleni kweselula. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli azikwazi ukusebenzisa i-oksijini, ekhokelela ekuqaliseni ngokukhawuleza kweempawu.

Iimpawu zeSodium Cyanide Poisoning

Iimpawu zetyhefu ye-sodium cyanide zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela kunye nobungakanani bokuvezwa. Iimpawu zokuqala zinokubandakanya:

1. Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla: Ukuphefumla nzima, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuziva ufuthaniseleka ziimpawu zokuqala zetyhefu yecyanide. Njengoko imeko iqhubeka, izinga lokuphefumula linganciphisa, likhokelela ekubanjweni kokuphefumula.

2. Intloko kunye nesiyezi: Amaxhoba adla ngokuphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu, abe nesiyezi, aze abhideke. Kwezinye iimeko, basenokulahlekelwa zingqondo.

3. Iziphumo zentliziyo: Ityhefu ye-cyanide inokubangela ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye okungaqhelekanga, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukubanjwa kwentliziyo.

4. Iimpawu zesisu: Isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, kunye neentlungu zesisu nazo zisoloko zixelwa.

Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza

1. Ukususwa kwangoko kumthombo wokuvezwa: Ukuba ityhefu yenzeke kwindawo yemizi-mveliso okanye kwindawo apho kukho i-cyanide, ixhoba kufuneka lisuswe ngokukhawuleza lisiwe kwindawo engena umoya. Kwiimeko zokunxibelelana kwesikhumba, iimpahla ezingcolileyo kufuneka zisuswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye indawo echaphazelekayo kufuneka ihlanjwe ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15.

2. Biza uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo: Cofa inombolo yonxunguphalo yasekuhlaleni (efana no-911 eUnited States) ngokukhawuleza. Nika umsebenzi ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga netyhefu erhanelwayo yecyanide, kuquka indawo, inani lamaxhoba, kunye nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezibonakalayo.

3. Lawula uncedo lokuqala: Ukuba ixhoba aliphefumli, qalisa i-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) ngoko nangoko. Ukuba ikhona, sebenzisa i-automated external defibrillator (AED) ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.

4. Unyango esibhedlele: Esibhedlele, olona nyango luphambili lwetyhefu yecyanide kukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. IHydroxocobalamin sisinqandi esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo esibophelela kwi-ion ye-cyanide, yenze ikhompawundi enetyhefu encinci enokukhutshwa emzimbeni. Isodium thiosulfate inokuphinda ilawulwe ukomeleza inkqubo yendalo yomzimba yokukhupha ubutyhefu.

uthintelo

1. Amanyathelo okhuseleko lwamashishini: Abaqeshi kumashishini asebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka basebenzise amanyathelo akhuselekileyo okukhusela ukukhusela. Oku kuquka ukubonelela abasebenzi ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, ezifana nezixhobo zokuphefumla kunye neeglavu, kunye nokuqhuba uqeqesho lokhuseleko rhoqo.

2. Ukubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo: Ukubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo kungcoliseko lwecyanide kubalulekile, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikufutshane neendawo zoshishino. Ukuvavanywa rhoqo komoya, amanzi kunye nomhlaba kunokunceda ekuboneni imithombo enokubakho yongcoliseko kwaye kuthintele ukusasazeka ngokubanzi.

Ityhefu yesodium cyanide yimeko engxamisekileyo yonyango efuna ingqwalasela ekhawulezileyo. Ngokuqonda izizathu, iimpawu, kunye neenkqubo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, abantu ngabanye banokuthatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuze bazikhusele kunye nabanye kwimeko yokuvezwa. Ukongeza, ukuphumeza amanyathelo othintelo kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso kunye nokubeka iliso kwendalo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko ezinxulumene ne-cyanide.