Iingozi zeSodium Cyanide kuMhlaba nokusingqongileyo

intshayelelo

I-Sodium Cyanide yikhemikhali enobungozi kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, ezinje ngokombiwa kwegolide nesilivere, ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukugcinwa kwayo, okanye ukulahla kwayo kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi emhlabeni nakwindalo esingqongileyo iyonke. Le posi yebhlog ijolise ekuhlolisiseni ngokweenkcukacha iingozi ezibangelwa yi -sodium cyanide kumhlaba nakwindalo esingqongileyo.

Iipropati kunye neMithombo yeSodium Cyanide

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) sisithako esimhlophe, esikristale esinyibilikayo kakhulu emanzini. Sinobuthi kakhulu, sinevumba elikrakra le-almond (nangona kungengabo bonke abantu abanokuyibona le vumba). Kwimizi-mveliso, isetyenziswa ngobuninzi ekutsaleni igolide nesilivere kwi-ore ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation. Kule nkqubo, i-Sodium Cyanide isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa izinyithi ezixabisekileyo, zenze ii-complexes ze-cyanide zesinyithi ezinyibilikayo. Amanye amashishini, afana ne-electroplating, ayisebenzisa ukufaka umaleko omncinci wesinyithi kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, isebenza njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ekuhlanganiseni iikhompawundi ezininzi ze-organic kwishishini leekhemikhali. Ngelishwa, ukuchitheka ngengozi, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma ngendlela engafanelekanga, kunye nokuvuza kwiindawo zokugcina izinto kunokukhupha i-Sodium cyanide kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Iingozi kuMhlaba

Impembelelo kwiMicroorganisms yoMhlaba

Iimicroorganisms zomhlaba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuchuma komhlaba, ukujikeleza kwezondlo, kunye nempilo yomhlaba jikelele. I-sodium cyanide, xa ikhona emhlabeni, ingaba nefuthe elibi kwezi microorganisms. Kwanakwiqondo eliphantsi ngokwentelekiso, icyanide inokuthintela ukusebenza kwentsholongwane emhlabeni, ukungunda nezinye iintsholongwane eziluncedo. Umzekelo, inokuphazamisa i-nitrogen - isakhono sokulungiswa kweebhaktheriya ezithile, eziyimfuneko ekuguquleni i-nitrogen ye-atmospheric ibe yindlela enokusebenzisa izityalo. Oku kuphazamiseka kokuhamba ngebhayisikile yenitrogen kunokukhokelela ekuncipheni kokuchuma komhlaba ngokuhamba kwexesha. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwecyanide lunokuba yingozi kwiintsholongwane ezininzi zomhlaba, zehlise ukwahlukana kwentsholongwane kwaye iguqule ulungelelwaniso lwendalo yomhlaba.

Impembelelo kuLwakhiwo loMhlaba kunye nokuFumana kweSondlo

I-Cyanide inokuchaphazela neempawu ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali zomhlaba. Iyakwazi ukubophelela kwisinyithi kunye ne-organic matter emhlabeni, yenze ii-complexes ezizinzileyo. Oku kubopha kunokwenza izondlo eziyimfuneko, njengentsimbi, izinki, nobhedu, zingabikho kwizityalo. Xa icyanide idibana namalungu omhlaba, inokutshintsha ipH yomhlaba, nto leyo echaphazela ukunyibilika kunye nokufumaneka kwezinye izondlo. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iimeko, i-cyanide-eyenziwe utshintsho kwi-pH inokukhokelela kwimvula ye-phosphorus, eyenza ukuba ingafikeleleki kwizityalo. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho be-cyanide bunokuphazamisa indlela yokudityaniswa komhlaba. Imidibaniso yomhlaba esempilweni ibalulekile ekungeneni kwamanzi, ukungena kweengcambu, kunye nokungena umoya. Xa ulwakhiwo luphazamisekile, umhlaba usenokuxineka ngakumbi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungangeni kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokuncipha kokufumaneka kweoksijini kwiingcambu zezityalo.

Ukungcoliseka koMhlaba kunye nokubanakho ukuZinzisa ixesha elide

Nje ukuba i-sodium cyanide ingene emhlabeni, inokuqhubeka ixesha elide, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, i-cyanide inokuthi ithotywe kancinane yi-microorganisms yomhlaba okanye iinkqubo zemichiza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugxininiso luphezulu okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo azilunganga ukuthotywa (njengakwimihlaba ene-anaerobic okanye ene-acidic kakhulu), i-cyanide inokuqokelela emhlabeni. Oku kuzingisa kwexesha elide kuthetha ukuba umhlaba ungahlala ungcolisekile iminyaka, nto leyo ebeka isoyikiso esiqhubekayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo nakwizinto eziphilayo zomhlaba. Ukongeza, umhlaba ongcolisekileyo unokusebenza njengomthombo wongcoliseko lwesibini, njengoko icyanide inokuphumela kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye ithwalwe ngamanzi aphezu komhlaba, isasaze ungcoliseko kwezinye iindawo.

Iingozi kwiNdawo

Ungcoliseko lwaManzi

I-sodium cyanide inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, kwaye nakuphi na ukukhutshelwa emanzini kunokuba neziphumo ezibi. Xa ingena emanzini angaphezulu, njengemilambo okanye amachibi, inokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwaye yenze iiyoni zecyanide. Nakwiqondo eliphantsi, icyanide iyityhefu kakhulu kwizinto eziphila emanzini. Iintlanzi, ii-invertebrates, kunye nee-amphibians zinovelwano ngakumbi ekuvezweni kwecyanide. Inokuphazamisa iinkqubo zabo zokuphefumula, inqanda ukunyuswa kwe-oksijini. Ngenxa yoko, iintlanzi zinokufumana ukuncipha kokuqubha, ukuzala okuthintelweyo, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa kwabantu abaninzi. Ugxininiso olusezantsi njenge-5 - 7.2 micrograms ilitha yecyanide yasimahla inokuba neziphumo ezibi kwintlanzi, kwaye amanqanaba angaphezu kwama-200 eemicrogram ilitha ayityhefu ngokukhawuleza kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi. Ii-invertebrates zikwabonisa iziphumo ezibi ezingabulaliyo kwindawo ephantsi yecyanide, kunye neziphumo ezibulalayo kumanqanaba aphezulu kancinci. I-Cyanide isenokungcolisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, nengumthombo omkhulu wamanzi okusela kuluntu oluninzi. Ukuba i-cyanide - amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba angcolisekileyo asetyenziselwa ukusela, anokubangela ingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu, ebangela iimpawu ezifana nentloko, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukufa.

Ukumoshwa komoya

Xa i-sodium cyanide idibana nee-asidi, iityuwa ze-asidi, amanzi, umswakama, okanye i-Carbon dioxide, inokuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) enobuthi kakhulu, enokutsha. Le gesi inokukhutshwa emoyeni, ngakumbi kwiindawo zoshishino apho kuchitheka khona ngengozi okanye ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide iyingozi kakhulu njengoko inokuphefumlwa ngabantu nezilwanyana. Ukuphefumla nokuba yincinci kangakanani i-hydrogen cyanide kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ngoko nangoko, kubandakanya ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, kwaye xa uchaphazeleka kakhulu, kunokukhokelela ekumisweni kokuphefumla nokufa. Ukongeza kwiingozi ezithe ngqo zempilo, igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide inokuba negalelo kungcoliseko lomoya kwindawo engqongileyo, ichaphazele umgangatho womoya kwaye inokwenzakalisa izityalo ngokufunxwa kwamagqabi.

Impembelelo kwi-Terestrial Ecosystems

Ngaphaya kweziphumo ezithe ngqo emhlabeni nasemanzini, ungcoliseko lwesodium cyanide lunokuba neziphumo ezifikelela kude kwi-ikhosistim yomhlaba. Kuba izityalo zisisiseko sekhonkco lokutya, nayiphi na impembelelo engalunganga ekukhuleni kwezityalo ngenxa yomhlaba - icyanide engcolisekileyo inokuphazamisa yonke inkqubo yendalo. Izilwanyana ezitya izityalo ezixhomekeke kwezi zityalo ngokutya zinokuba namava okuncitshiswa kokufumaneka kokutya okanye zinokutya izityalo ezinamaqondo aphezulu e-cyanide, enokuba yityhefu kuzo. Oku ke kunokuchaphazela abantu abatya ezi zilwanyana. Umzekelo, kwiindawo apho imisebenzi yemigodi ikhokelele kungcoliseko lwecyanide yomhlaba, uluntu lwezityalo lunokutshintsha, kunye neentlobo zezityalo ezinovakalelo oluthe chatha endaweni yazo ezo zinyamezelayo ngakumbi kwicyanide. Olu tshintsho kuluntu lwezityalo lunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nemithombo yokutya kwiintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana zasendle, okunokubangela ukwehla kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

isiphelo

Isodium cyanide, ngenxa yobume bayo obuyingozi kakhulu, ibeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo kumhlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo. Iimpembelelo kumhlaba zinokuphazamisa iimpawu zawo zebhayoloji, ezibonakalayo, kunye neekhemikhali, ezikhokelela ekuncipheni kokuchuma kunye nosulelo lwexesha elide. Kwimekobume ebanzi, inokubangela ungcoliseko lwamanzi nomoya, ibeke emngciphekweni inkqubo yendalo yasemanzini nasemhlabeni, kwakunye nempilo yabantu. Ukunikezelwa kwale mingcipheko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amashishini asebenzisa i-sodium cyanide aphumeze amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko ekuphatheni, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulahlwa kwayo. Ukongeza, amaqumrhu alawulayo kufuneka anyanzelise imithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwesodium cyanide kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nokukhusela izixhobo zethu zendalo ezixabisekileyo.