Ngaba uyazi konke ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide?

I-sodium cyanide, kunye ne-chemical formula NaCN, yikhompawundi ehlala ifuna ingqiqo ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini kunye neekhemikhali. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kusetyenziso olubanzi lwe sodium cyanide, ibalaselisa ukubaluleka kwayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ngelixa ikwagxininisa imfuneko yamanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo.

1. Ishishini lezeMigodi-Ukutsalwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo

Enye yezona zicelo ezaziwa kakhulu ze Isodium cyanide iku- icandelo lezemigodi, ingakumbi xa kufunyanwa igolide nesilivere. Igolide, iyintsimbi engasebenziyo ngokwentelekiso, inobudlelwane obuqinileyo neeyoni zecyanide. Phambi kweoksijini kunye namanzi, i-sodium cyanide isabela ngegolide kwi-ore. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation, ivumela igolide ukuba inyibilikiswe kwisisombululo se-cyanide, isahlule kwezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-ore. Isiphumo segolide - icyanide complex inokuphinda iqhubekeke ukusetyenzwa kwakhona ukuze kufumaneke igolide esulungekileyo. Isilivere nayo inokutsalwa ngendlela efanayo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokutsala. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide ngononophelo olugqithisileyo kwimisebenzi yemigodi ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokwenzakala kubasebenzi.

2. Uvelwano lweMichiza-Ibhloko yoKwakha yeeNdibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo

Isodium cyanide isebenza njengebhloko yokwakha esisiseko ukuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iindidi zemichiza ebalulekileyo:

2.1. Ukuveliswa kweeNitriles

I-Nitriles yiklasi ye-organic compounds kunye neqela elithile elisebenzayo. Isodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-nitriles ngendlela yokusabela apho i-ion yecyanide ithatha indawo yeathomu yehalogen kwialkyl halide. I-Nitriles ziphakathi ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye Amayeza, ezolimo, kunye neepolima.

2.2. Ukwenziwa kweCyanuric Chloride

I-Cyanuric chloride yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide. Yikhompawundi ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni idayi, izibulali-zinambuzane, kunye neekhemikhali zokunyanga amanzi. I-synthesis ibandakanya uthotho lweempendulo eziqala kwi-sodium cyanide, kwaye isakhiwo sayo esisodwa senza ukuba ibe luncedo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zemichiza.

2.3. Ukulungiswa kwezinye iiCompounds ezisekelwe kwiCyanide

Isodium cyanide ikwasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezinye iikhompawundi ezisekwe kwicyanide ezifana ne potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide, kunye ne metal cyanides ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo zifumana izicelo kwi-electroplating, i-metal finishing, kunye ne-catalysts kwi-chemical reactions ezithile.

3. Ishishini le-Electroplating

Kwi ishishini electroplating, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuqulunqwa kweebhafu ze-electroplating. Iibhafu ze-Cyanide ezisekelwe kwi-electroplating ziluncedo ngakumbi ekufakeni iintsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isilivere kunye negolide. I-cyanide ions kwindawo yokuhlambela inceda ekubopheni kunye neeoni zetsimbi, ezibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Ivumela ukufakwa okufanayo kwentsimbi kwi-substrate, okubangela ukuba kube lula kunye nokunamathela kwintsimbi yentsimbi. Ukongezelela, kunciphisa i-polarization kwi-anode, iqinisekisa ukuba i-anode yensimbi inyibilika ngokulinganayo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electroplating kunye nokugcina ukuxinwa kwee-ion zetsimbi kwindawo yokuhlambela. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu yecyanide, iinzame ziyenziwa ukuphuhlisa ezinye iinkqubo ze-non-cyanide electroplating. Kodwa okwangoku, i-cyanide-based electroplating isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinye izicelo apho kufuneka umgangatho ophezulu wokutyalwa.

4. I-Organic Synthesis kwi-Pharmaceuticals kunye ne-Agrochemicals

4.1. Amayeza

I-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kwi-synthesis yamachiza amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ezinye ii-amino acids, eziziibhloko zokwakha iiprotheni. Kwi-synthesis yeziyobisi ezithile, iqela le-cyanide lingangeniswa kwisakhiwo se-molecular usebenzisa i-sodium cyanide njengento yokuqala. Eli qela le-cyanide linokuthi ke litshintshwe ngakumbi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusabela kweekhemikhali ukuze lifumane iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo zeyeza zeyeza.

4.2. Imichiza yezolimo

Kwishishini le-agrochemical, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-pesticides kunye ne-herbicides. Ezinye izitshabalalisi zenziwa kusetyenziswa icyanide - equlathe imidibaniso. Ezi khemikhali zezolimo zinceda ekukhuseleni izityalo kwizitshabalalisi kunye nokhula, ngaloo ndlela zandisa imveliso yezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimveliso ye-agrochemical kwakhona kufuna ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo ukukhusela naziphi na iimpembelelo ezimbi kwi-ecosystem.

5. Ezinye iZicelo

5.1. Ukucocwa kwesinyithi kunye noNyango loMphezulu

I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwesinyithi kunye neenkqubo zonyango lomhlaba. Inokunceda ekususeni umhlwa, isikali, kunye nobunye ukungcola kumphezulu wesinyithi. Kwezinye iimeko, isetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo kunye nezinye iikhemikhali kwisinyithi - ukugqiba imisebenzi yokulungisa umphezulu wesinyithi ukwenzela ukuqhutyelwa phambili okufana nokupeyinta okanye ukugquma.

5.2. I-Rodenticide (usetyenziso olungekho mthethweni kunye noluthintelweyo)

Ngokwembali, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswe njenge-rodenticide ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yengozi egqithisileyo ibeka kwizinto ezingajoliswanga, kubandakanywa nabantu, ukusetyenziswa kwayo njenge-rodenticide kuthintelwe kakhulu okanye kuvalwe kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukuginya ngempazamo okanye ukuchanabeka kwi-sodium cyanide-based rodenticides kunokuba neziphumo ezibi, nto leyo eyenze ibe lukhetho olungamkelekanga lolawulo lwezinambuzane kwiimeko ezininzi.

Iingqwalaselo zoKhuseleko

Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo okuninzi, i-sodium cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu. Isenokubulala xa irholiwe, ifunxwe, okanye ifunxwe ngolusu. Xa i-sodium cyanide idibana neeasidi, ikhupha igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide, eyingozi kakhulu. Kwizicwangciso zemizi-mveliso, iiprothokholi zokhuseleko ezingqongqo zisendaweni yokuphatha i-sodium cyanide. Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanya iiglavu, iimaski, kunye nempahla yokuzikhusela. Izixhobo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide zenzelwe ukuthintela nakuphi na ukuvuza okanye ukuvezwa kokufuma kunye ne-asidi. Kwimeko yokuchitheka okanye iingozi, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokutshabalalisa usebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide, enokuthi i-oxidize i-sodium cyanide kwiimveliso ezinetyhefu encinci, ziphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide, nangona inetyhefu yendalo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kususela kwi-extraction yentsimbi exabisekileyo kwimigodi ukuya ekubeni yi-reagent ephambili kwi-chemical synthesis ye-pharmaceuticals kunye ne-agrochemicals. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.