Inceda njani i-sodium cyanide kwimigodi yegolide?

Kwinkqubo enzima neyinzima yokwembiwa kwegolide , iSodium Cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo nehlala ingaqondwa kakuhle. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuchazeni ngokupheleleyo indlela le khemikhali enegalelo ngayo ekukhutshweni kwegolide kwi-ore zayo.

Umgaqo weSodium Cyanide kwi-Gold Extraction

Igolide, kwimeko yayo yendalo, ihlala ikhona kwii-ore ezikumgangatho ophantsi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwahlukana nelitye elijikelezileyo kunye neeminerali. I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) isabela negolide kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yiCyanidation . Ii-ion ze-cyanide kwi- sodium cyanide zenza i-complex ezinzileyo ene-ion zegolide. Impendulo yekhemikhali ingamelwa nje ngolu hlobo:

4Au + 8NaCN+O_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow4Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+4NaOH

Le ntshukumo ikhetha ukunyibilikisa igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada, isahlule kwi-ganggue (iiminerali ezingafunwayo namatye). Isiphumo segolide - icyanide complex, [Au(CN)_{2}]^{-}, iyanyibilika emanzini, nto leyo engundoqo ekwahlukaneni kwayo namanye amacandelo entsimbi.

Inkqubo yokusebenzisa iSodium Cyanide kwiMigodi yeGolide

1. Ukulungiswa kwe-ore: Okokuqala, i-ore ethwele igolide eyombiweyo iyacolwa ize igutywe ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo. Oku kwandisa indawo yomphezulu we-ore, okuvumela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kwamasuntswana egolide kunye nesisombululo seSodium cyanide.

2. Ukuvuza: I-ore eyimpuphu ifakwa kwiitanki ezinkulu okanye kwiimfumba, kwaye isisombululo esinyibilikisiweyo se-sodium cyanide sitshizwa okanye sigqojozwe kuyo. Isisombululo se-cyanide sinyibilikisa igolide kancinci kancinci kwixesha elinokuthatha iiyure ezininzi ukuya kwiintsuku ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-ore.

3. Ukufunyanwa kweGolide - iCyanide Complex: Emva kwenkqubo yokuKhuhla , isisombululo esine-gold - cyanide complex siyahlulwa kwi-solid residue (gangue). Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngeendlela ezifana nokuhluza okanye ukuthungwa kwetyuwa.

4. Ukuna kweGolide: Ukuze kufunyanwe igolide ecocekileyo kwisisombululo segolide-cyanide complex, kongezwa i-reducing agent, efana nothuli lwezinc. I-zinc ithatha indawo yegolide kwi-complex, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igolide iphume njenge-solid. I-chemical reaction yile ilandelayo:

2Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+Zn\rightarrow2Au + Na_{2}[Zn(CN)_{4}]

Igolide eyomileyo iye iphuculwe ngakumbi ngokweenkqubo ezinjengokunyibilikiswa ukuze kufumaneke imivalo yegolide esulungekileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuSebenzisa iSodium Cyanide kwiMigodi yeGolide

1. Ukusebenza Kakhulu: I-Cyanidation yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokukhupha igolide kwi-ore ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Ingafumana inxalenye enkulu yegolide ekhoyo kwi-ore, idla ngokufikelela kumazinga okubuyiselwa angama-80 - 95% kwimisebenzi eyenziwe kakuhle.

2. Ukukhetha: I-sodium cyanide ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokukhetha igolide. Ikhetha kakhulu igolide kunezinye iiminerali ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwi-ore zegolide, ezinceda ekwahlukaniseni igolide kumxube wezinto ezintsonkothileyo ngokulula.

3. Ixabiso - Ukusebenza: Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokukhupha igolide, ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-mercury (eneengozi ezinkulu kwindalo nakwimpilo) okanye iinkqubo zeekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo nezinamandla, i-cyanidation esebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ibiza kakhulu, ingakumbi kwimisebenzi emikhulu yokwemba.

Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimigodi yegolide akukho mpikiswano. Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu. Nakuphi na ukuvuza okanye ukuphathwa ngokungafanelekanga kwezisombululo ze-sodium cyanide kunokubangela ingozi enkulu kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu. Kwimeko yokuchitheka, icyanide inokungcolisa umhlaba, imithombo yamanzi, kwaye yenzakalise ubomi basemanzini. Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, iinkampani zemigodi zisebenzisa imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko. Oku kubandakanya ukufakwa kabini komgca wogcino kunye namachibi avuzayo, ukujonga ngokuqhubekayo amanqanaba e-cyanide kwimijelo yenkunkuma, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zonyango eziphambili zokukhupha i-cyanide - equlethe inkunkuma ngaphambi kokulahlwa. Ukongeza, iinzame ziyenziwa ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezizezinye, ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo zokutsalwa kwegolide, kodwa okwangoku, icyanidation enesodium cyanide iseyeyona ndlela iphambili kwishishini lemigodi yegolide ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko-ezisebenzayo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwimigodi yegolide yanamhlanje. Ukukwazi kwayo ukunyibilikisa igolide ngokukhethayo kwi-ores, idityaniswe neendleko zayo eziphantsi kunye nempumelelo ephezulu, iyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekutsalweni kwale ntsimbi ixabisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini kufuneka liqhubeke nokulinganisa ukusetyenziswa kwalo kunye nemilinganiselo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa izenzo ezizinzileyo zokumbiwa kwegolide.