Singayifumana Njani iGolide ngeSodium Cyanide?

intshayelelo

Ukubuyiswa kwegolide kusetyenziswa sodium cyanide yindlela eyamkelwa ngokubanzi kumashishini emigodi kunye neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. I-Cyanide inobuchule obukhethekileyo bokwenza iikhompleksi ezinyibilikayo ngegolide, evumela ukutsalwa kwegolide kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, efana ne-ores yomgangatho ophantsi, ii-tailings, kunye nenkunkuma ethile ye-elektroniki. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu ye i-cyanide, le nkqubo kufuneka iqhutywe ngononophelo olukhulu kunye nokuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo.

Umgaqo wokuBuyiselwa kweGolide ngeSodium Cyanide

Kwimeko yayo yendalo, igolide idla ngokufunyanwa ixutywe nezinye izimbiwa kwintsimbi ekrwada. Nini Isodium cyanide kwaziswa kwigolide - i-ore ethwele, ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwenzeka. Phambi kweoksijini kunye namanzi, igolide idibana ne-cyanide ukwenza ikhompawundi enyibilikayo. Oku kusabela kuyinyibilikisa ngokufanelekileyo igolide ngaphakathi kwisisombululo secyanide, isahlula kwezinye iiminerali ezinganyibilikiyo kwintsimbi ekrwada.

Inyathelo- nge-Inyathelo Inkqubo

Ukulungiselela intsimbi

1. Ukutyumza kunye nokuSila: Inyathelo lokuqala libandakanya ukunciphisa ubungakanani bentsimbi ekrwada. Iziqwenga ezinkulu zentsimbi ziqale zicunyuzwe zibe ziingceba ezincinci kusetyenziswa izityumzi. Emva koko, intsimbi ekrwada iculwa ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo kwizisila. Oku kwandisa ummandla we-ore, okwenza uqhagamshelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kwegolide - equkethe amasuntswana kunye nesisombululo se-cyanide. Umzekelo, kumgodi wegolide oqhelekileyo, intsimbi ekrwada inokutyunyuzwa ukuya kutsho kubungakanani obungaphantsi kwe-10 mm ngexesha lokuqala lokutyunyuzwa ize ke icolwe ibe yisayizi yamasuntswana apho malunga ne-80% yamasuntswana angaphantsi kwama-75 eemicrometer kwinqanaba lokusila.

2. Unyango lwangaphambili (ukuba kuyimfuneko): Ukuba intsimbi ekrwada iqulethe iiminerali zesulfide okanye ezinye izinto ezimdaka ezinokuthintela icyanide ukuvuza inkqubo, pre-unyango iba yimfuneko. Umzekelo, xa kukho izixa ezikhulu zepyrite kwintsimbi ekrwada, inokusebenzisa ioksijini kunye necyanide, inciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, intsimbi ekrwada inokuqhotyiswa okanye i-bio-oxidation. Ukugcada kubandakanya ukufudumeza intsimbi ekrwada xa kukho umoya ukuze kufakwe i-oxidize iiminerali zesulfide, ngelixa i-bio-oxidation isebenzisa ibhaktheriya ethile ukukhupha iiminerali zesulfide kubushushu obuphantsi ngendlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.

UkuFunda

1. Ukulungiswa kweSisombululo seCyanide: Isisombululo esixutyiweyo se Isodium cyanide ilungisiwe. Ukugxininiswa kwesisombululo se-cyanide ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.2% (w / v), kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ze-ore kunye nomxholo wegolide. Ikalika yongezwa rhoqo kwisisombululo secyanide ukulungisa i-pH kuluhlu lwe-10 - 11. Le ndawo yealkaline inceda ukuthintela ukubunjwa kwegesi eyityhefu ye-hydrogen cyanide kwaye ikwakhuthaza ukuchithwa kwegolide.

2. Inkqubo yokuLeaching: Intsimbi ekrwada ephantsi komhlaba ithi ke ixutywe nesisombululo secyanide kumatanki amakhulu okanye ngokumisela imfumba yokuvuza. Kwitanki evuzayo, umxube we-ore - cyanide uyaphazamiseka, mhlawumbi ngoomatshini okanye ngesitofu somoya, ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olululo phakathi kwamasuntswana aphethe igolide kunye necyanide, ngaloo ndlela kunyusa izinga lokusabela. Kwimfumba evuzayo, efaneleke ngakumbi kwi-ores yomgangatho ophantsi, intsimbi ekrwada etyunyuziweyo ifunjwa kwi-liner engagxumekiyo, kwaye isisombululo secyanide sitshizwa phezu kwemfumba. Isisombululo singena kwintsimbi ekrwada, sinyibilikisa igolide njengoko iqhubela phambili. Inkqubo ye-leaching inokuhlala naphi na ukusuka kwiiyure ezininzi ukuya kwiintsuku ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwe-ore, ubungakanani bamasuntswana, kunye neemeko zokuvuza.

Ukwahlula ii-Solids kunye ne-Liquids

Ukulandela inkqubo ye-leaching, i-slurry ephumayo iqulethe inkunkuma eqinileyo (i-tailings) kunye nesisombululo esiqulethe i-gold - cyanide compound. Ukwahlula amacandelo aqinileyo kunye nawolwelo kubalulekile. Oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezifana nokuhluzwa okanye ukucolwa. Kwi-filtration, i-slurry idluliswa kwi-media media, njengeengubo zokucoca okanye izihlunu zokucoca. Umsila oqinileyo ugcinwe kwisihlunu, ngelixa isisombululo esicacileyo, esaziwa njengesisombululo esikhulelweyo, esiqulethe igolide echithwe, sidlula. Intlenga ibandakanya ukuvumela amasuntswana aqinileyo ukuba ahlale emazantsi etanki ngenxa yomxhuzulane. Ulwelo olunamandla, isisombululo esikhulelweyo, sinokugalelwa ngononophelo.

UkuBuyiswa kweGolide kwiSisombululo esikhulelweyo

1. Imvula yeZinc (Merrill - Crowe Process): Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yokubuyisela igolide kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo yimvula ye-zinc. Uthuli lwezinc okanye i-zinc shavings yongezwa kwisisombululo. Kuba i-zinc isebenza ngakumbi kunegolide, iyayisusa igolide kwikhompawundi ye-cyanide yegolide. Igolide ke iphuma njengento eqinileyo, kunye nokungcola okuthile. Emva kokusabela, i-rolid precipitate iyahluzwa kwaye iqhutywe ngakumbi. Igolide ephumayo - equlathe okuqinileyo iyanyibilikiswa ukufumana igolide esulungekileyo.

2. I-Adsorption yeCarbon esebenzayo (iKhabhoni-kwi-Pulp/CIP kunye neCarbon-kwi-Leach/CIL)Kwinkqubo ye-CIP, iyasebenza ICarbon yongezwa kwi-slurry emva kwesigaba sokukhuhla. I-activated carbon, enommandla wayo ophezulu, ifunxa i-gold-cyanide compound kwisisombululo. I-carbon-gold compound emva koko yahlulwa kwi-slurry ngokuyihluza. Kwinkqubo ye-CIL, i-activated carbon yongezwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhuhla ngokwayo. I-gold-loaded carbon emva koko isuswa kwinkqubo. Igolide ingakhutshwa kwi-carbon kusetyenziswa isisombululo esinamandla se-cyanide okanye ezinye ii-extract agents. Emva kokukhuhla, igolide ingafunyanwa kwisisombululo sokukhuhla ngeendlela ezifana nokukhupha i-electrowinning okanye ukukhuhla okunye.

Ukucoca

Igolide efunyenwe emva kwemvula okanye i-adsorption ayiqhelekanga ukuba ibe nyulu, iqulethe ukungcola okufana nezinye iintsimbi kunye nezingezo zesinyithi. Ukufumana igolide esulungekileyo ephezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-99.9% okanye ngaphezulu), iinkqubo zokucokisa zisetyenziswa. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yokucoca i-electrolytic refining. Kule nkqubo, igolide engcolileyo ifakwe njenge-anode kwiseli ye-electrolytic, kwaye i-cathode yegolide ecocekileyo isetyenziswa. I-electrolyte efanelekileyo, njengesisombululo se-chloride yegolide, iyasetyenziswa. Xa umsinga wombane udlula kwiseli, igolide ekwi-anode iyanyibilika ize ifake kwi-cathode. Ubumdaka buhlala buhlala kwi-electrolyte okanye yenze i-sludge ezantsi kweseli.

Iingqwalasela zoKhuseleko nokusiNgqongileyo

1. Ubuthi beCyanide: Isodium cyanide iyityhefu egqithisileyo. Ukuphefumla, ukungeniswa, okanye ukudibana kwesikhumba necyanide kunokubulala. Lonke utyando olubandakanya icyanide lumele lwenziwe kwiindawo ezinomoya owaneleyo, yaye abasebenzi bafanele banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, kuquka izixhobo zokuphefumla, iiglavu kunye nempahla yokuzikhusela. Izicwangciso zeempendulo zikaxakeka kufuneka zibekho kwimeko yokuchitheka okanye utyhileko lwe-cyanide.

2. Impembelelo kokusiNgqongileyo: I-Cyanide inokuba yingozi kwindalo ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle. Iintsalela ezivela kwi ukubuyiswa kwegolide Inkqubo inokuqulatha intsalela yecyanide. Le misila kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ukukhusela ukukhutshwa kwe-cyanide kwindawo. Iindlela zonyango, ezifana ne-chemical oxidation okanye ukuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo, zingasetyenziselwa ukuphula i-cyanide kwi-tailings ngaphambi kokukhululwa okanye ukulahlwa kwayo. Ukongeza, ukujonga ngokungqongqo imithombo yamanzi kufutshane nemisebenzi yokubuyisela igolide kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ngcoliseko lwecyanide lwenzekayo.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ukubuyisela igolide yinkqubo enzima kodwa esebenzayo. Ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, ukusuka ekulungiseni intsimbi ukuya ekubuyiseni nasekucokiseni igolide. Ngelixa ibonelela ngendlela esebenzayo yokukhupha igolide kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ukhuseleko olunxulumeneyo nemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo. Ngokulandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa iteknoloji efanelekileyo, kunye nokuthobela imimiselo, ishishini lokubuyisela igolide lingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela ezinzileyo nenoxanduva.