Unyango olululo lweNkunkuma yeSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana nokwemba imigodi, ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide ngokungenakuphepheka kuvelisa inkunkuma equlethe i-cyanide, kwaye inkunkuma ye-Liquid Sodium Cyanide , ngakumbi, ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo ukuba ayiphathwanga kakuhle. I-Cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye inokubangela ingozi enkulu kwizinto eziphilayo nokuba incinci. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa iindlela ezichanekileyo zokujongana nale nkunkuma.

Iingozi zeNkunkuma yeSodium Cyanide

Ubutyhefu ebantwini

I-Cyanide ingangena emzimbeni womntu ngokuphefumla, ngokuyitya, okanye ngokunxibelelana nolusu. Xa sele ingaphakathi emzimbeni, inokubopha ngokukhawuleza kwi-cytochrome oxidase kwiiseli, ithintele ukuphefumla kweeseli kwaye ikhokelele kwi-hypoxia yezicubu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, inokubangela ukufa ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba ingabonakali kakhulu ixesha elide inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ubuthathaka, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, iingxaki zempilo ezingapheliyo. Xa kujongwana nenkunkuma ye -sodium cyanide engamanzi , umngcipheko wokudibana ngengozi uphezulu, ngakumbi ukuba akukho manyathelo afanelekileyo okukhusela.

Impembelelo kwizinto eziphila emanzini

Inkunkuma ye-cyanide yeSodium engamanzi , ukuba ikhutshelwa emanzini, iyingozi kakhulu kwizidalwa zasemanzini. Nokuba ikwizinga eliphantsi kakhulu, inokuphazamisa imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yempilo yeentlanzi, izilwanyana ezingenamqolo, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ingachaphazela ukuphefumla kwazo, ukukhula, ukuzala, kunye neenkqubo zomzimba. Umzekelo, xa i-ion ye-cyanide iphakathi kwe-0.02 - 1.0 mg/l (kwiiyure ezingama-24), iintlanzi zinokufa. I-Cyanide inokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide kwiindawo eziphilayo zasemanzini ngokunciphisa i-biodiversity kunye nokuphazamisa uchungechunge lokutya.

Iziphumo kwiZityalo

Xa izityalo zisesichengeni solwelo lwenkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide, inokuba nefuthe elibi ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni kwazo. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwecyanide lunokuthintela ukukhula kweengcambu, lunciphise ukufunyanwa kwezakhamzimba, kwaye luchaphazele iphotosynthesis. Kwiindawo zokulima, oku kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni izivuno zezityalo kunye nomgangatho. Ukongeza, ukuba inkunkuma engamanzi yesodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela, inokungcolisa umhlaba, ichaphazele umgangatho womhlaba kunye nokukhula kwezityalo ezilandelayo.

Iindlela zoNyango lweNkunkuma yeSodium Cyanide

Indlela ye-Alkaline yeChlorination

Umgaqo : Le ndlela ilungisa i-pH ye-sodium cyanide engamanzi - equlethe amanzi amdaka ukuya kwi-8.5 - 9 ize yongeze ii-oxidants ezisekelwe kwi-chlorine. Ii-oxidants ezisekelwe kwi-chlorine, ezifana ne-bleach (ikakhulu i-NaClO) okanye igesi ye-chlorine (Cl₂, enyibilika emanzini ukwenza i-HClO), zisabela kunye nee-ion ze-cyanide (CN⁻). Kwinyathelo lokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidized ibe yi-cyanate (CNO⁻), engeyiyo ityhefu kangako. I-oxidation engaphezulu inokuguqula i-cyanate ibe yi-carbon dioxide (CO₂) kunye ne-nitrogen (N₂). Iimpendulo zeekhemikhali zingachazwa ngokulula ngolu hlobo:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺

2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → 2CO₂ + N₂ + 3Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi : Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination ilula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu. Inganciphisa ngempumelelo umxholo we-cyanide emanzini amdaka ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ifanelekile ngakumbi ekunyangeni amanzi amdaka anezinga eliphantsi le-cyanide. Ukuba izinga le-cyanide liphezulu kakhulu, kuya kufuneka isixa esikhulu se-oxidants esekelwe kwi-chlorine, nto leyo enokunyusa iindleko zonyango kwaye ivelise ungcoliseko lwesibini.

Uxinzelelo lwe-Hydrolysis Method

Umgaqo : Kule ndlela, amanzi amdaka ane-sodium cyanide engamanzi afakwa kwisikhongozeli esivaliweyo. Kongezwa i-alkali, aze amanzi amdaka afudunyezwe aze axinzelelwe. Phantsi kwezi meko, i-cyanide ifumana ii-hydrolysis reactions. Ii-ion ze-Cyanide zisabela kunye nee-molecule zamanzi ukuze zenze i-sodium formate engenatyhefu (HCOONa) kunye ne-ammonia (NH₃). I-equation ye-chemical reaction yile:

CN⁻ + 2H₂O → HCOO⁻ + NH₃

Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi : Indlela ye-pressurizing hydrolysis inoluhlu olubanzi lokuziqhelanisa noxinzelelo lwe-cyanide emanzini amdaka. Ingaphatha neekhompawundi ze-cyanide ezintsonkothileyo. Lo msebenzi ulula kakhulu ngokwenkqubo yokusabela. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zoxinzelelo kunye nokufudumeza, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo iyonke ibe nzima. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye notyalo-mali lwezixhobo ziphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphezulu zonyango.

Indlela eneAcidized

Umgaqo : Kwindlela yokwenza i-asidi, i-sulfuric acid yongezwa kwi-sodium cyanide engamanzi - equlethe amanzi amdaka ukuze kulungiswe i-pH ibe yi-2 - 3. Phantsi kweemeko ze-asidi, i-cyanide emanzini amdaka isabela ukwenza i-hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). Ekubeni uxinano lwe-hydrogen cyanide gas luncinci, kwaye kusetyenziswa umgaqo wokulinganisela uxinzelelo lomoya, umoya udlula emanzini amdaka ukuze ukhuphe i-hydrogen cyanide gas. I-hydrogen cyanide gas ekhutshweyo ingangeniswa kwisisombululo se-alkali ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona. I-chemical reaction ephambili yile:

CN⁻ + H⁺ → HCN↑

Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi : Enye yeenzuzo zale ndlela kukuba inokubuyisela i-sodium cyanide, enexabiso elithile kwezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ifuna ulawulo olungqongqo lweemeko zokusebenza. Igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide iyingozi kakhulu, kwaye naluphi na ukuvuza ngexesha lenkqubo kunokubangela ingozi enkulu kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu. Ke ngoko, amanyathelo okhuseleko aphezulu kunye nokuvalwa kwezixhobo kuyafuneka.

Iindlela zonyango lwebhayoloji

Umgaqo : Ezinye iintsholongwane zinamandla okubola i-cyanide. Kwiindlela zoNyango lweBiological , iintsholongwane ezithile okanye iifungi zisetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa i-cyanide kwinkunkuma yolwelo. Ezi ntsholongwane zingasebenzisa i-cyanide njengomthombo wekhabhoni okanye i-nitrogen ngokusebenzisa uthotho lwee-enzyme reactions, ziyiguqule ibe zizinto ezingeyongozi ezifana nekhabhoni diokside, amanzi, kunye ne-ammonia. Umzekelo, ezinye iintsholongwane ezitshabalalisa i-cyanide zinokuqhekeza i-cyanide ibe ziikhompawundi ezingenabungozi kangako ngeendlela ze-metabolic.

Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi : Iindlela zonyango lwebhayoloji zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo njengoko zingangenisi inani elikhulu lee-reagents zeekhemikhali. Zinokuba nexabiso elifanelekileyo lokunyanga inkunkuma yolwelo ene-cyanide encinci ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, zinobuthathaka kwizinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, i-pH, kunye nokuba khona kwezinye izinto ezinobungozi kwinkunkuma. Inkqubo yonyango ingadinga ixesha elide ukufezekisa isiphumo sonyango esifunekayo, kwaye ukuseta kokuqala kwenkqubo yonyango lwebhayoloji kunokuba nzima.

Izilumkiso zoKhuseleko ngexesha loNyango

Xa kunyangwa inkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide engamanzi, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko . Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo, kuquka iisuti ezingangenisi khemikhali, iiglavu, iiglasi zokukhusela umoya, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ukuphefumla. Indawo yonyango kufuneka ibe nomoya ococekileyo, kwaye izixhobo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ezifana neendawo zokuhlamba amehlo kunye neeshawa zokhuseleko kufuneka zifumaneke lula. Ukongeza, yonke imisebenzi yonyango kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo nemigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo ukuthintela iingozi nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo.

isiphelo

Unyango olululo lwenkunkuma yesodium cyanide lubalulekile ekukhuseleni impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqonda iingozi zale nkunkuma kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination, i-pressurizing hydrolysis, unyango lwe-acidized, okanye unyango lwe-biological, kunye nemiqathango engqongqo yokhuseleko, sinokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ingozi ehambelana nenkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide. Kubalulekile kumashishini avelisa inkunkuma enjalo ukuba atyale kwizibonelelo zonyango ezifanelekileyo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba zonke iinkqubo zokuphatha kunye nonyango zenziwa ngendlela enoxanduva kunye nokuthobela.