Imilinganiselo yokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo yokuvuza kweSodium Cyanide emanzini

1. intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide yikhemikhali eyityhefu kakhulu. Xa ivuza emanzini, inokubangela ingozi enkulu kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo amanyathelo okusabela kunxunguphalo. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa iindlela zolawulo olungxamisekileyo sodium cyanide ukuvuza emanzini ngokweenkcukacha.

2. Kwindawo yoLawulo kunye nesilumkiso

2.1. Phambi kokuFika kwamaQela oBuchule

Kwimeko apho Isodium cyanide ukuvuza emanzini ngexesha lokuthutha okanye ukugcinwa, ukuba abasebenzi kwisiza banezixhobo ezisebenzayo zokuplaga okanye imilinganiselo kwaye banokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo, kufuneka baqhube imisebenzi yokuplaga ngokukhawuleza ukulawula umthamo wokuvuza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba akukho miqathango enjalo, kufuneka baxele ngokukhawuleza ingozi kwaye babe noxanduva lokumisela isilumkiso kwindawo yengozi.

Ngokutsho kwe-2000 edition yeNorth American Chemical Rescue Guide, xa isixa esikhulu (ngaphezu kwama-200 kg) Isodium cyanide ukuvuza emanzini, iradiyasi yokwahlula kaxakeka kufuneka ingabi ngaphantsi kwe-95 m. Ngokubanzi, abasebenzi bendawo kufuneka baseke indawo yesilumkiso malunga ne-500 - 10000 m ngokomthamo wokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide, imeko yokusabalalisa, kunye nommandla ochaphazelekayo. Kwangaxeshanye, ququzelela abasebenzi ukuba bamisele izilumkiso ngakuzo zombini iindonga zemilambo okanye kufutshane namachibi, kwaye uthintele ngokungqongqo yonke imisebenzi efana nokusela amanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokuloba.

2.2. Emva kokuFika kwamaQela oBuchule

Xa isebe lomlilo okanye iqela leempendulo likaxakeka lifika kwindawo yexhwayelo, baya kuthatha umsebenzi wolawulo lwendawo. Baza kuphinda bahlole imeko, bomeleze indawo yokulumkisa, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba akukho basebenzi abangagunyaziswanga okanye izithuthi ezingena kuloo ndawo. Baya kusebenzisa izixhobo zobuchwephesha ukufumanisa ukuxinana kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini kunye noluhlu lwe-diffusion, ukwenzela ukubonelela ngesiseko samanyathelo onyango olulandelayo.

3. Ukucoceka kokusingqongileyo - up

3.1. Imiqobo yokwakha

Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala ekucoceni okusingqongileyo kukwakha imiqobo. Umzekelo, ukwakhiwa komlambo - ukuvala idama ecaleni komlambo kunokuthintela amanzi omlambo angcolisekileyo ukuba angahambi ezantsi, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe umda wongcoliseko. Oku kufuna ukuba abasebenzi abakwisiza baqinisekise ngokukhawuleza indawo efanelekileyo yokwakha idama ngokwendawo kunye neemeko zokuqukuqela kwamanzi.

3.2. I-Chemical Neutralization

Emva kokwakha umqobo, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukunciphisa i-ion cyanide emanzini angcolileyo. Isixa esikhulu se-quicklime (i-calcium oxide) okanye i-calcium hypochlorite inokufakwa kumzimba wamanzi ongcolileyo. Ezi zinto zinokusabela nge-sodium cyanide emanzini ukuze zinciphise ii-ion ze-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa ubuthi bazo. Ubungakanani bemichiza eyongeziweyo bufuna ukumiselwa ngokwenqanaba longcoliseko kunye nomthamo wamanzi angcolisekileyo. Ngesiqhelo, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo bokhuselo lokusingqongileyo baya kubala kwaye bakhokele umsebenzi.

Ukuba ungcoliseko luqatha, kusenokuba yimfuneko ukuvula umjelo omtsha onyuka umjelo ukuphambukisa amanzi acocekileyo ukusuka phezulu ukuya kudlula indawo engcolisekileyo. Le ndlela inokunciphisa amanzi angcolileyo kwaye inciphise ukuxinwa kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

3.3. Unyango lweMicro - i-soluble okanye i-Insoluble Cyanide - equlethe Izinto

Ukuba into evuzayo ilulwelo lwenitrile oluncibilikayo oluncinci okanye olunganyibilikiyo (njengezinye iintlobo zemixube yenitrile), amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kufuneka athathwe ngokobuninzi bayo.

Kwizinto ezinoxinano olukhulu kunolo lwamanzi (ezifana nephenylacetonitrile), ngokukhawuleza, umsele wokuqokelela okanye umngxuma kufuneka ugrunjwe ezantsi kwendawo yokuvuza emazantsi omlambo okanye echibini. Kwangaxeshanye, idike kufuneka yakhiwe ezantsi komjelo wengqokelela okanye umngxuma ukunqanda ukuvuza ukuba kuqukuqelele ezantsi.

Kwizinto ezinoxinano olungaphantsi kunolo lwamanzi (ezifana ne-valeronitrile, phenylacetonitrile), idike, idama, umnatha wokucoca, okanye ucingo oludadayo kufuneka lwakhiwe ngokukhawuleza ezantsi kumbindi wamanzi avuzayo ukunciphisa ummandla wamanzi angcolisekileyo.

4. Ukufunyanwa koMgangatho waManzi

Ukufunyanwa rhoqo komgangatho wamanzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokusabela ngokukhawuleza. Abasebenzi bokukhangela kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zovavanyo lobuchwephesha ukuze babone rhoqo umgangatho wamanzi kwindawo engcolisekileyo. Eyona njongo iphambili kukumisela umda wongcoliseko lwecyanide emanzini.

Ukuba i-concentration efunyenweyo ye-sodium cyanide emanzini idlula umgangatho kwindawo enkulu kunokuba ilindeleke, kunokufuneka ukuba kwandiswe indawo yokulumkisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwendalo engqongileyo kunye nabantu. Ukufunyanwa komgangatho wamanzi kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokuqhubekayo de umgangatho wamanzi ubuyele kwisiqhelo kwaye uhlangabezane nemigangatho efanelekileyo yokusingqongileyo.

5. Amanyathelo okhuseleko

5.1. Ukukhuselwa komntu

Bonke abasebenzi abakwisiza, kubandakanywa abaphenduli bokuqala, abasebenzi bokucoca, kunye nabavavanyi bomgangatho wamanzi, kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela. Oku kubandakanya izixhobo zokuphefumla zomoya, iisuti zokhuselo lweekhemikhali ezivaliweyo ngokupheleleyo, kunye neeglavu ezixhathisa ngemichiza. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuthinteleni ulusu ukuba lungadibani namanzi angcolileyo, njengoko i-sodium cyanide inokufunxwa ngesikhumba kwaye ibangele ityhefu.

5.2. Ukuphepha Ungcoliseko Lwesibini

Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo enkulu ukuphepha ukungcola okwesibini. Umzekelo, amanzi amdaka aveliswa ngexesha lokucoca kufuneka aqokelelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye acocwe. Akufunekanga ikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo kwezinye iindawo zamanzi ngaphandle konyango. Zonke izinto ezilahlwayo, ezifana nezinto ezifunxayo ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca ukuvuza, kufuneka kwakhona zilahlwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide.

5.3. Ulwazi loLuntu kunye noNxibelelwano

Kuyimfuneko ukwazisa uluntu ngexesha elifanelekileyo malunga nengozi yokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide kunye nenkqubela phambili yamanyathelo okuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Uluntu kufuneka lwaziswe ukuba lungasebenzisi amanzi angcolileyo kwaye lungatyi iintlanzi ezibanjwe kwindawo engcolileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukubekwa esweni komthombo wamanzi kufuneka kuqiniswe, iisampulu kufuneka zithathwe rhoqo kwaye kwiindawo ezimiselweyo, kwaye iziphumo zokubeka iliso kufuneka zibhengezwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuthomalalisa uloyiko loluntu kunye nokugcina uzinzo kwintlalontle.

Ukuqukumbela, xa i-sodium cyanide ivuza emanzini, uchungechunge lwezenzululwazi kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kufuneka zithathwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngolawulo lwendawo, ukucocwa kwendalo, ukubonwa komgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokungqongqo kwamanyathelo okhuseleko, ubungozi obubangelwa kukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide kunokuncitshiswa ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yoluntu.