Ukuphathwa ngokuKhuselekileyo kweeCyanides ezinetyhefu ephezulu/iSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

IiCyanides, ingakumbi iSodium Cyanide , zizinto ezinobuthi kakhulu. Ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezinkulu empilweni, ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kwaye kubeke ubomi esichengeni. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuqonda okunzulu kunye nokulandela ngokungqongqo imigaqo yokhuseleko xa usebenzisana nezi khemikhali.

Izixhobo Ezikhuselayo (i-PPE)

Ukukhuselwa ngokuphefumla

Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokuphefumla esizimeleyo (i-SCBA) esinemaski yobuso obupheleleyo. Njengoko iiCyanides zinokuphefumlwa ngohlobo lothuli, umsi, okanye igesi, le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu. I-SCBA kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngesihluzo somoya esisebenza kakuhle (i-HEPA) ukuthintela naziphi na iisuntswana ezine-cyanide ukuba zingangeni kwinkqubo yokuphefumla.

Impahla ekhuselayo

Nxiba isuti ekwaziyo ukumelana neekhemikhali eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana neTyvek okanye i-neoprene. Le suti mayigqume umzimba wonke, kuquka izandla, iinyawo kunye nentloko. Kucetyiswa ukuba unxibe iiglavu ezingangeni manzi ezenziwe ngerabha ye-butyl ukukhusela izandla. Izihlangu zokhuseleko ezineenzwane zentsimbi kunye neenyawo ezikwaziyo ukumelana neekhemikhali nazo zibalulekile ekuthinteleni iinyawo ukuba zingadibani ne- cyanides.

Ukukhuselwa Kwamehlo

Ukongeza kwimaski yobuso be-SCBA, iikhemikhali-iiglasi ze-splash kufuneka nazo zixhotyiswe. Ezi goggles zinokunika umaleko owongezelelekileyo wokhuselo ukuvala izisombululo zecyanide ekuchaphazeni emehlweni.

Ukusingathwa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko

yoGcino

IiCyanides mazigcinwe kwindawo ekhethiweyo nengena umoya kakuhle, kude nemithombo yobushushu, ii-asidi, kunye nee-oxidizing agents. IiCyanides zisabela ngamandla kwii-asidi ukuze zivelise igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu. Izikhongozeli zokugcina kufuneka zivalwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye zibhalwe ngokucacileyo igama leekhemikhali, izilumkiso zengozi, kunye nemiyalelo yokuphatha.

Ukutshintshela kunye nokusetyenziswa

Xa uhambisa i-cyanides ukusuka kwesinye isitya ukuya kwesinye, sebenzisa iifuneli ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokudlulisa ezihambelana ne-cyanides. Ukugalelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngesandla akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Kwilabhoratri okanye indawo yoshishino, yonke imisebenzi ebandakanya i-cyanides kufuneka iqhutywe kwi-fume hood ukukhusela i-fume toxic ukuba isasazeke kwindawo yomsebenzi jikelele.

Sebenzisa izikali ezilinganisiweyo okanye izixhobo zevolumetric ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo iicyanides. Kuphephe ukulinganisa okanye ukuvuza kakhulu, kuba nokuba incinci kakhulu i-cyanide inokubeka umngcipheko omkhulu.

Isicwangciso sokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo

uqeqesho

Bonke abasebenzi abanokudibana ne-cyanides kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho malunga neenkqubo zokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka . Umxholo woqeqesho ugubungela ukuchonga iimpawu zetyhefu ye-cyanide (ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo, njl.njl.) kunye nokuqonda iindlela zokusebenzisa amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala.

Izixhobo eziNgxamisekileyo

Isikhululo se-eyewash esiphuthumayo kunye neshawa yokhuseleko kufuneka inikezelwe kwindawo yokusebenza. Kwimeko yokunxibelelana kwesikhumba okanye kwamehlo kunye ne-cyanides, ukugungxulwa kwangoko ngamanzi amaninzi kungundoqo. Ukongeza, i-antidotes ekhethekileyo ye-cyanide efana ne-hydroxocobalamin, i-nitrite ye-sodium, kunye ne-sodium thiosulfate kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo, kodwa kufuneka isetyenziswe phantsi kolawulo lweengcali zonyango.

Iindlela zokufuduka ezicacileyo kunye neenkqubo kufuneka zenziwe. Kwimeko yokuvuza okanye ukukhululwa kwecyanide enkulu, abasebenzi kufuneka bayazi indlela yokuphuma kwindawo ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo.

Ukulahlwa kweCyanides

Unyango lweKhemikhali

Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga icyanide - equlethe inkunkuma yikhemikhali oxidation. I-sodium hypochlorite (iblitshi) ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-cyanides ibe yityhefu encinci. Oku kusabela kufuneka kulawulwe ngononophelo kwindawo engena umoya. Ifomula yokusabela ngokubanzi imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

2NaCN + 5NaClO + H₂O → N₂ + 2NaHCO₃ + 5NaCl

Enye inketho kukusebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst. Le nkqubo inokuguqula iicyanides zibe yimveliso engeyiyo ityhefu.

Ukungathathi cala

Emva konyango lwe-oxidation, isisombululo sinokudinga ukungathathi hlangothi. Ukuba isisombululo esiphathwayo si-acidic ngenxa yenkqubo ye-oxidation, isiseko esifana ne-sodium hydroxide singasetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ixabiso le-pH kuluhlu olungathathi hlangothi (pH 6 - 9).

Ukulahlwa kokuthotyelwa

Emva kokuba i-cyanides iphathwe kwaye ingathathi hlangothi, inkunkuma eyenziwayo kufuneka ilahlwe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yendawo, karhulumente kunye ne-federal. Oku kuthetha ukuthumela inkunkuma kwindawo enelayisensi yokulahla inkunkuma eyingozi.

isiphelo

Ukuphatha i-cyanides, ngakumbi i-sodium cyanide , kufuna unonophelo olukhulu kunye nokuthobela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokhuseleko. Ukususela ekukhetheni izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo, ukwenza iSicwangciso sokuPhendula ngoXakeka , ukuya kwiindlela zokulahla ngokukhuselekileyo, inyathelo ngalinye kwinkqubo yokuphatha kufuneka liqwalaselwe ngononophelo. Ngokulandela ngokungqongqo le migaqo, singanciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nezi zinto zinobungozi kwaye siqinisekise ngokufanelekileyo ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo.