I-Cyanide-Free Ukukhutshwa kweGolide: Ukwamkela iindlela ezizezinye eziGreener

intshayelelo

Ukutsalwa kwegolide kudala kulishishini elibalulekileyo, kodwa indlela yemveli ixhomekeke kuyo Isodium cyanide iphakamise iinkxalabo ezinzulu zokusingqongileyo nempilo. Isodium i-cyanide iyityhefu kakhulu kwaye inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwi-ikhosistim ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho utyhalo olukhulayo lokuphuhlisa iindlela ezizezinye, ezizinzileyo Ukutsalwa kwegolide. Esi sithuba seblogi siphonononga ezi ndlela zintsha zibonelela ngendlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwinkqubo yakudala yokufumana igolide.

Ingxaki ngeSodium Cyanide kwi-Gold Extraction

Isodium cyanide ibiyeyona nto iphambili ekutsalweni kwegolide ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane ngenxa yempumelelo yayo ekunyibilikiseni igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Nangona kunjalo, ubutyhefu bayo yintsilelo enkulu. Kwanakwimilinganiselo emincinane, icyanide inokuba yingozi kubomi basemanzini, kwiintaka nakwizilwanyana ezanyisayo. Kwimeko yokuchitheka okanye ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kwimisebenzi yemigodi, i-cyanide inokungcolisa imithombo yamanzi, umhlaba kunye nomoya, okukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwexesha elide lokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, ukuphathwa kwe-cyanide kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko, kwaye nakuphi na ukuphulukana kunokubangela ingozi kubasebenzi.

Iindlela ezithembisayo eziLuhlaza kwiSodium Cyanide

1. Bioleaching

I-Bioleaching, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-microbial leaching, yinkqubo esebenzisa i-microorganisms ukukhupha isinyithi kwi-ore. Kwimeko yokukhutshwa kwegolide, iibhaktheriya ezithile, ezifana ne-Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, zinokukhupha i-sulfure-ethwele iiminerali ezinxulumene negolide, ukukhulula igolide ngendlela efikelelekayo. Le ndlela ihambelana nokusingqongileyo njengoko ingasebenzisi imichiza eyityhefu efana necyanide. Ikwasebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kunye noxinzelelo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zemveli zokutsalwa. I-Bioleaching lukhetho oluzinzileyo olunokuthi lusetyenziswe kwii-ores ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ezihlala zingenamali ukusetyenzwa kusetyenziswa ubuchule obuqhelekileyo.

2. I-Thiosulfate Leaching

I-Thiosulfate leaching yenye enye indlela ye-cyanide-based extraction. Isebenzisa ii-ion ze-thiosulfate, ngokuqhelekileyo ngohlobo lwe-sodium thiosulfate, ukuntsonkotha ngegolide kwaye iyinyibilikise kwi-ore. Le ndlela inetyhefu kakhulu kunecyanide. I-Thiosulfate izinzile kwimo engqongileyo kwaye ayibangeli ingozi efanayo kwizilwanyana zasendle kunye nemithombo yamanzi. Ngaphezu koko, I-Thiosulfate leaching inokusebenza ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile ze-ores, ngakumbi ezo ziqulethe ubhedu kunye nezinye izinyithi ezinokuphazamisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-cyanide. Inkqubo inokuphinda iphuculwe ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuphucula amazinga okubuyisela igolide.

3. Ulwelo lwe-Ionic

Ulwelo lwe-ionic ziityuwa ezilulwelo kubushushu begumbi. Zineempawu ezizodwa ezenza ukuba zilungele ukutsalwa kwegolide. Ulwelo lwe-ionic lunokukhetha ukunyibilikisa igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ngaphandle kwesidingo semichiza eyityhefu kakhulu. Azinaguquguquki, okuthetha ukuba azinagalelo kungcoliseko lomoya ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsalwa. Ukongeza, zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma. Nangona kusekho kwisigaba sophando kunye nophuhliso lwezicelo ezinkulu, ulwelo lwe-ionic lubonisa amandla amakhulu njengenye indlela ezinzileyo kwiindlela zemveli zokutsalwa kwegolide.

4. Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Ukukhupha ulwelo olubalulekileyo kusetyenziswa ulwelo olubalulekileyo, olufana ICarbon i-dioxide (CO₂) kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, ukuze ikhuphe igolide kwi-ore. Kwimeko yayo ebaluleke kakhulu, i-CO₂ ineempawu eziphakathi kwezo zegesi kunye nolwelo, nto leyo eyivumela ukuba ingene kwi-ore ize inyibilikise igolide. Le ndlela inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo njengoko i-CO₂ ingumxube ongenabungozi kwaye uninzi. Ikwanciphisa isidingo samanzi amaninzi kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa ekukhupheni kwendabuko. Ukukhupha ulwelo olubaluleke kakhulu kunokuba yindlela ephumelelayo kakhulu yokukhupha igolide, ingakumbi kwi-ore ezintsonkothileyo.

Imingeni kunye neNdlela ePhambili

Ngelixa ezi ndlela zingenye zibonisa isithembiso esikhulu, kusekho imiceli mngeni ekufuneka yoyiswe. Umzekelo, Bioleaching inokuba yinkqubo ecothayo, kwaye ukukhulisa iimeko zokukhula kwe-microorganisms kunokuba nzima. I-Thiosulfate leaching inokufuna ulawulo lwenkqubo entsonkothileyo ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa ne-cyanide leaching. Ulwelo lwe-Ionic kunye ne-supercritical fluid extraction isekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwezorhwebo, kwaye kukho iindleko ezinxulumene nokunyusa obu buchwepheshe. Nangona kunjalo, ngophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso, le mingeni inokuqwalaselwa. Oorhulumente, iinkampani zemigodi, kunye namaziko ophando kufuneka asebenzisane ukuze atyale imali ekuphuhliseni nasekuphunyezweni kwezi ndlela zokukhutshwa kwegolide eluhlaza. Oku akuyi kunceda ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kuphela kodwa kuya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide koshishino lwemigodi yegolide.

Ukuqukumbela, ukhangelo lwezinye iindlela zoku Isodium cyanide ekufunjweni kwegolide ayingomcimbi woxanduva lokusingqongileyo kuphela kodwa lithuba lokusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngokwamkela obu buchwepheshe buluhlaza, ishishini lemigodi yegolide linokunciphisa indawo yalo yendalo kwaye libe negalelo kwikamva elizinzileyo.