Wazi kangakanani ngemithombo ye-cyanides?

I-Cyanide yikhompawundi yeekhemikhali eziyityhefu kakhulu ebeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukuqonda imithombo yayo, iziphumo, kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuba sesichengeni kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphila kakuhle.

Imithombo yeCyanide

Izicelo zeMizi-mveliso

I-Cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Abasebenzi kumashishini afana ne-electroplating, ukupeyinta, ukuvelisa idayi, kunye nemveliso yerabha banamathuba aphezulu okuvezwa. Umzekelo, kwi-electroplating, i-Cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukunamathela kweengubo zesinyithi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphathwa okungafanelekanga kunye nokungabikho kwamanyathelo okhuseleko kula mashishini kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni kwe-cyanide kunye nokukhululwa kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Izehlo zeNdalo ekutyeni

Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-cyanide inokufumaneka nakwezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo zokutya. Iziqhamo ezifana neepesika, iiplum, iiapricot, kunye ne-枇杷 ziqulathe i-hydrogen cyanide. Phakathi kwazo, ii-almond ezikrakra zinomxholo ophezulu. Ukongeza, i-cassava, ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi ezishushu, ikwaqulathe i-hydrogen cyanide. Ezi cyanides zendalo zihlala zibotshelelwe ngohlobo lwe-cyanogenic glycosides. Xa ezi zinto zityiwa, ii-enzymes emzimbeni zinokuziqhekeza, zikhuphe i-cyanide yasimahla.

Imveliso yebhayoloji

Kwindalo yebhayoloji, i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) inokuveliswa ngokutsalwa kwe-amy GDA lin yi-enzyme i-amy gda linase. Nangona i-HCN ingekho ngobuninzi kwizinto eziphilayo, inokwenziwa phantsi kweempendulo ezithile ze-enzyme. I-Cyanide inobuhlobo obuqinileyo kwiiathom zesinyithi kwaye inokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo. Le propati iyivumela ukuba ibophe ngokulula kwiiproteni eziqulathe isinyithi, idla ngokuthintela kakhulu imisebenzi yazo. Ngokukodwa, i-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokuphefumla, inokuthintelwa ngamandla nokuba kuxinzelelo oluphantsi njenge-10 - 4M, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekuphefumulweni.

Iingozi zeCyanide

Imiphumo eyingozi ye-cyanide kumzimba womntu ibonakala kwiinkalo ezimbini eziphambili: iimpembelelo ezibukhali kunye nezingapheliyo. Ukuvezwa ngokuqatha kwicyanide kunokubeka ubomi esichengeni. I-cyanide ions ekhutshweyo (CN -) iphazamisa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo weeseli ngokuzibophelela kwii-enzyme eziphambili ezibandakanyekayo ekusebenziseni i-oxygen. Oku kuphazamisa amandla omzimba okusebenzisa ioksijini, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimpawu ezinjengokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukuba nesiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, yaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukulahlekelwa zingqondweni nokufa. Ukubonakaliswa okungapheliyo, nangona kungabonakali ngokukhawuleza, kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo zexesha elide, kubandakanya umonakalo kwinkqubo ye-nervous, inkqubo yokuphefumla kunye ne-thyroid gland.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye neeMpendulo eziNgxamisekileyo

Ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza

Kwiindawo zokusebenza apho kuveliswa okanye kusetyenziswa i-cyanide, njengezityalo zeekhemikhali ezinxulumene ne-cyanide, imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko mayiphunyezwe. Ukutshaya kunye nokutya kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo kwiindawo zokuphatha i-cyanide. Abasebenzi kufuneka babonelelwe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanywa iiglavu, iimaski, kunye nempahla ekhuselayo, ukuthintela icyanide ekungcoliseni ulusu lwabo kwaye ingene emizimbeni yabo ngokuyifunxa okanye ngokuyiphefumla. Iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokhuseleko kufuneka zibekho ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezine-cyanide zigcinwa, zithuthwa, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo. Uqeqesho oluthe gqolo ngokhuseleko kufuneka luqhutywe ukuze kwandiswe ulwazi lwabasebenzi ngeengozi ezinokubakho kunye namandla okusabela kwimeko kaxakeka.

Impendulo engxamisekileyo kwiPoisoning eAcute

Kwimeko yengozi eyingozi yetyhefu yecyanide, inyathelo elikhawulezileyo libalulekile. Enye yeendlela zoncedo lokuqala kukusebenzisa i-amyl nitrite. Thatha i-1 - 2 ampoules ye-amyl nitrite, zibophe kwi-handkerchief, kwaye uziphule. Emva koko, bamba ii-ampoules ezaphukileyo kufutshane nempumlo kunye nomlomo wesigulana ukuze uphefumle, ngelixa ngaxeshanye wenza ukuphefumla okwenziweyo. Yalela isigulane ukuba siphefumle imizuzwana eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30 rhoqo kwimizuzu emi-1 ukuya kwemi-2. Inani lokuphefumla kufuneka lihlengahlengiswe ngokwemeko yesigulane. Emva kolu nyango lokuqala, isigulana kufuneka sibalekiselwe esibhedlele ukuze sifumane unyango oluthe kratya, olunokubandakanya ukulawulwa kwee-antidotes ezithile ezifana ne-sodium nitrite kunye ne-sodium thiosulfate.

Ukuqukumbela, i-cyanide, enemithombo yayo eyahlukeneyo kunye neengozi ezinzulu, ifuna ingqalelo yethu enkulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kumashishini okanye kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukuqaphela ubukho bayo, ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela, kunye nokwazi ukuba uphendule njani kwimeko yokuvezwa kubalulekile ekukhuseleni impilo yabantu kunye nokhuseleko.