Ubuthi kunye neMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo yeSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) yikhemikhali enetyhefu kakhulu kunye neyingozi ethe yatsalela ingqalelo ebalulekileyo ngenxa yesakhono sayo sokubangela ingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, ezifana nemigodi, i-electroplating, kunye ne-chemical synthesis. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphathwa ngokungafanelekanga, ukugcinwa, okanye ukukhululwa ngengozi kwe Isodium cyanide kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo eyintlekele. Eli nqaku lijonge ukuhlalutya ngokubanzi ubutyhefu be Isodium cyanide kunye nayo Impembelelo yendalo.

Ubuthi beSodium Cyanide

Indlela yobutyhefu

Ubutyhefu obugqithisileyo be sodium cyanide ikakhulu ivela kwi Icyanide ion (CN⁻). Nje ukuba ifakwe, ifakwe, okanye ifakwe eluswini, i-ion ye-cyanide ibophelela ngokukhawuleza kwi-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme eyinkimbinkimbi kwi-mitochondria yeeseli. Oku kubopha kuphazamisa ikhonkco lokuthutha i-electron eqhelekileyo, inqanda ukuphefumla kweselula. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli azikwazi ukusebenzisa ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo, okukhokelela kwimeko ye-asphyxiation yeselula. Nokuba isixa esincinci sesodium cyanide inokuphazamisa ngokukhawuleza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba kwinqanaba leselula.

Ubutyhefu obubukhali ebantwini

Ukuvezwa kwi-sodium cyanide kunokubangela ityhefu ebukhali enoluhlu olubanzi lweempawu. Ukuphefumla igesi yecyanide okanye uthuli kunokukhokelela kuxinzelelo lokuphefumla kwangoko, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuziva uxinezelekile. Ukungeniswa kwe-sodium cyanide kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nesicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, kunye nevumba elikrakra le-almond ekuphefumleni, oluphawu oluphawu lwetyhefu ye-cyanide. Njengoko ityhefu iqhubela phambili, kunokubakho ukulahlekelwa zingqondweni, ukuxhuzula, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukubanjwa kwentliziyo kunye nokufa. Idosi ebulalayo yesodium cyanide ebantwini iphantsi kakhulu, kaninzi ikuluhlu lwama-50 - 250 milligrams, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobunzima bomzimba kunye nendlela yokuvezwa.

Ubutyhefu obungapheliyo

Ixesha elide, izinga eliphantsi lokuvezwa kwi-sodium cyanide linokuba neziphumo ezingapheliyo kwimpilo yabantu. Isenokuchaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimpawu ezinjengokuqaqanjelwa yintloko, isiyezi, ukungakwazi ukukhumbula, nokonakala kwemithambo-luvo. Ukuba sesichengeni okungapheliyo kunokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system, kubangele ukungahambi kakuhle koxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nomonakalo wexesha elide kwisihlunu sentliziyo. Ukongeza, ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunokuwenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba, nto leyo eyenza abantu babe sesichengeni sezifo.

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeSodium Cyanide

Isiphelo kwiNdawo

Xa i-sodium cyanide ikhutshwa kwindawo engqongileyo, ihamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Emanzini, inokuhlukana ibe yi-cyanide ion. Iiyoni ze-cyanide ziyasebenza kwaye zinokusebenzisana nezinye izinto. Ngaphambi kokukhanya kwelanga kunye ne-microorganisms ezithile, i-cyanide inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized kwiifom ezinobuthi obuncinci njenge-cyanate (CNO⁻). Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ye-oxidation inokucotha, kwaye kwiimeko ze-anaerobic, i-cyanide inokuqhubeka emanzini ixesha elide. Emhlabeni, i-sodium cyanide inokufunxa amasuntswana omhlaba, kwaye ukuhamba kwawo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nodidi lomhlaba, i-pH, kunye nomxholo we-organic matter.

Impembelelo kwi-Ecosystems yasemanzini

Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu kwizinto eziphila emanzini. Nakwiqondo eliphantsi, kunokubangela ingozi enkulu kwiintlanzi, ii-invertebrates, kunye nobunye ubomi basemanzini. I-Cyanide inqanda ii-enzymes zokuphefumla kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, ezikhokelela ekunqongopheni kwe-oksijini kwaye ekugqibeleni ukufa. Izityalo zasemanzini nazo zinokuchaphazeleka, njengoko icyanide inokuphazamisana neenkqubo zazo zephotosynthetic. Ukongeza, ubukho be-sodium cyanide emanzini bunokuphazamisa lonke ikhonkco lokutya. Ngokomzekelo, ukufa kwama-invertebrates amancinci ngenxa yetyhefu ye-cyanide kunokukhokelela ekunqongopheni kokutya kwezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu ezithembele kuzo, okubangela impembelelo ye-cascading kuyo yonke i-ecosystem.

Impembelelo kwi-Terestrial Ecosystems

Kwi-ecosystems, i-sodium cyanide inokungcolisa umhlaba, nto leyo enokuba neziphumo ezibi kwizityalo. Inokuthintela ukukhula kweengcambu kunye nokufunxa izondlo kwizityalo, okukhokelela ekukhuleni okudodobala kunye nokuncipha kwezivuno zezityalo. Iintsholongwane zomhlaba, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumjikelezo wesondlo kunye nokuchuma komhlaba, nazo zinokuchaphazeleka kanobom yicyanide. Ubukho besodium cyanide emhlabeni bunokubulala iintsholongwane eziluncedo kunye nokungunda, nto leyo ephazamisa inkqubo yesiqhelo yomhlaba. Oku kunokuba nefuthe ngakumbi kwimpilo yexesha elide kunye nemveliso yomhlaba.

Ungcoliseko loMoya kunye neMpembelelo yoMkhathi

Ukuba i-sodium cyanide ikhutshwe ngendlela evumela ukuba iguquke emoyeni, njengeengozi zemizi-mveliso ezibandakanya ukukhutshwa kwe-cyanide equkethe iigesi, inokubangela ingozi enkulu kumgangatho womoya. I-Cyanide emoyeni inokuphefumlelwa ngabantu kunye nezilwanyana ezikufutshane, ezibangela iingxaki zempilo ngokukhawuleza njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla. Kwi-atmospheric, i-cyanide inokusabela kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwaye ifake isandla ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezingcolileyo zesibini, nangona ubungakanani bokusabela okunjalo kuseyindawo yophando oluqhubekayo.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide yikhompawundi yeekhemikhali enetyhefu egqithisileyo kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ubutyhefu bayo obuqatha nobungapheliyo ebantwini bunokuba neziphumo ezisongela ubomi, ngelixa ukukhululwa kwayo kwimo engqongileyo kunokubangela umonakalo oxhaphakileyo kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini nasemhlabeni. Ukunikezelwa kweengozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene ne-sodium cyanide, amanyathelo okhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemimiselo ibalulekile kuzo zonke iinkqubo zoshishino ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukongeza, ukubekwa kweliso okuqhubekayo kokusingqongileyo kubukho be-cyanide kunye nophando kwiindlela ezisebenzayo zokulungisa kubalulekile ukunciphisa iziphumo ezinobungozi zale nto inetyhefu kakhulu.