Izidingo eziqinile kufanele zilandelwe kanjani lapho kuthuthwa i-sodium cyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide iyimpahla ebalulekile yamakhemikhali ayisisekelo, esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi ezinjengezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu kakhulu, noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukuphatha okungalungile ngesikhathi Transportation kungaba usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu nasendaweni ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthwa kwe I-Sodium Cyanide kufanele ihambisane nezidingo eziqinile.

1. Ukulawula Ukuhambisana

1.1 Uhlaka Lwezomthetho

Emazweni amaningi, ezokuthutha i-sodium cyanide ilawulwa ngokuqinile yimithetho neziqondiso ezifanele. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, uMnyango Wezokuthutha (i-DOT) unemithetho enemininingwane ku-Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Isihloko 49. Le mithetho ihlanganisa izici ezifana nokupakisha, ukulebula, ukufaka amabhodi, nokuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi zezokuthutha. E-China, "Imithethonqubo Yokulawulwa Kokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Ayingozi" ichaza ngokucacile izidingo zokulawulwa kokuphepha kokuthuthwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi obuphezulu njenge I-sodium cyanide. Abathumeli bangaphandle badinga ukuthola izimvume zokuthekelisa amakhemikhali alawulwayo kuziphathimandla zikazwelonke ngaphambi kokuwathumela ngaphandle, futhi nesitifiketi sokuphela sokusebenzisa siyadingeka ukuze bathole imvume yokuthekelisa.

1.2 Izimvume namalayisense

Izinkampani zezokuthutha kumele zithole izimvume namalayisense athile okuthutha i-sodium cyanide. Lezi zimvume zivame ukukhishwa iminyango kahulumeni efanele ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuphelele kohlelo lokuphatha ukuphepha kwenkampani, izinto zokuthutha, kanye neziqu zabasebenzi bayo. Isibonelo, ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla eziyingozi e-European Union, izinkampani zidinga ukuthobela imithetho ye-ADR (European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) futhi zithole izitifiketi ezidingekayo ze-ADR.

2. Ukupakisha kanye nokulebula

2.1 Izinto Zokupakisha

• I-Sodium Cyanide eqinile: I-sodium cyanide eqinile ivamise ukuthuthwa ngezigubhu zensimbi ezinesisindo esingama-50 kg. Lezi zigubhu zifakwe izikhwama ze-PE zangaphakathi ukuvimbela ukuvuza. Amabhokisi e-plywood anesisindo esinesisindo esingu-1000 kg, ahlanganiswe ne-PE yangaphakathi ne-PP izikhwama ezilukiweyo ezenziwe nge-laminated, nazo zivame ukusetshenziswa. Izinto zokupakisha kumele zibe nokugqwala - zimelane futhi zibe namandla anele ukumelana nokuphathwa okuvamile kanye nokushaqeka kwezinto zokuhamba.

• Isixazululo se-Sodium Cyanide: I-aqueous sodium cyanide ivamise ukuhanjiswa ngezinhlelo ze-"tight - fill" (closed - loop). Okokuthutha ngesitimela, kuyalayishwa noma kwehliswe ezimotweni zesitimela ngamapayipi amakhemikhali noma izingalo ezilayishiwe ze-PTFE. Amaloli amathangi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha isixazululo se-sodium cyanide kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezimisiwe ze-DOT, njengeziqukathi ze-ISO ze-MC 307 noma zamakhemikhali anomfutho ophansi. Wonke ama-trailer kufanele afakwe amavalvu okusiza ukucindezela, futhi lawo anezindawo ezingaphansi kufanele afakwe ama-remote - control valve stop.

2.2 Ukulebula nokuPlakhadi

• Isexwayiso Amalebula: Wonke amaphakheji aqukethe i-sodium cyanide kufanele alebulwe ngokucacile ngamalebula ayisixwayiso. Lawa malebula kufanele abonise igama lekhemikhali, ubuthi balo, nezixwayiso zezingozi ezidingekayo, njengokuthi "Ubuthi," "Ubuthi Ngokuhogela," kanye "Nengozi: Ingabangela Ukufa." Amalebula kufanele abe ngolimi oluqondakala kalula endaweni yezokuthutha.

• Amapulangwe: Izimoto ezithutha i-sodium cyanide kufanele zibonise izingqwembe ezifanele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine. Lezi zingqwembe zinkulu, izimpawu ezimise okwedayimane ezikhomba ngokusobala ubungoti bempahla. Ku-sodium cyanide, uqwembe ngokuvamile luzobonisa inombolo ye-UN (i-UN1689 ye-sodium cyanide eqinile kanye ne-UN3414 yesisombululo se-sodium cyanide), isigaba (Ikilasi 6.1. elimele izinto ezinobuthi), kanye nophawu olufanele lwengozi.

3. Izinsiza Zokuthutha kanye Nezimo

3.1 Izidingo Zemoto

• Ezokuthutha Ngojantshi: I-sodium cyanide ivamise ukuthunyelwa ku-26.000 - gallon DOT - 111 ezimotweni ze-insulated noma ezingekho - insulated ezinama-valve okuphepha. Izimoto zikaloliwe zinedayamitha yangaphandle ecishe ibe ngamafidi angu-9 kanye nobude obuphelele obungamafidi angu-45 - 55, nokuvuleka kwesikhungo okungu-6' x 6' noma ukuvuleka kwebhokisi lokuphahlazeka kwe-offset. Izimoto zamathangi kufanele zihlolwe njalo ukuze kubonakale izimpawu zokugqwala, ukuvuza, noma ukulimala.

• Ezokuhamba Emgwaqweni: Amaloli amathangi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha i-sodium cyanide kufanele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha. Kufanele ahlonyiswe ngezinto zokuphepha ezifana namavalvu okuvala izimo eziphuthumayo, amageji okucindezela, nokuvikela i-roller. Izimoto kufanele futhi zibe nohlelo oluthembekile lokubhuleka futhi zigcinwe kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba okuphephile emgwaqeni.

• Ukuthuthwa Kwomoya: Lapho uthutha i-sodium cyanide ngomoya, kudingeka izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, esimweni lapho amathani angu-25.7 e-cyanide ayedinga ukuhanjiswa ukusuka e-Xi'an ukuya eMongolia, inkampani yenethiwekhi yathatha izinyathelo zokuphepha eziningi. Impahla yayipakishwe ngendlela "yesikhwama esivaliwe sangaphakathi + iphakheji yangaphandle yesigubhu sensimbi". Izigubhu zensimbi ezigcwele i-sodium cyanide zazigxiliswe ngokuqinile ethreyini enengcindezi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungqubuzana nokunyakaza phakathi nendiza. Izinkampani zezindiza ngokuvamile zinikeza izisebenzi zendiza ezinokuhlangenwe nakho ezindizeni ezinjalo zezimpahla ezikhethekile.

3.2 Izimo Zemvelo

• Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nokuswakama: I-sodium cyanide kufanele ihanjiswe endaweni egwema amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angandisa ingozi yokusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi umswakama ungabangela i-sodium cyanide eqinile ukuthi imunce umswakama futhi ikhiphe igesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Izimoto nezindawo zokugcina kufanele zifakelwe izisetshenziswa ezifanele zokulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama uma kunesidingo.

• Ukugwema Ukwethuka Nokudlidliza: Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, imoto kufanele igweme ukushaqeka okukhulu nokudlidliza. Ukushayela kabi, njengokuvama ukubhuleka kungazelelwe kanye nokujika okubukhali, kungabangela ukuthi amaphakheji ashayisane futhi kulimaze iphakheji, okuholela ekuvuzeni. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ukushayela kahle futhi bagweme izimo ezinjalo.

4. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi Nezinyathelo Zokuphepha

4.1 Izidingo Zokuqeqesha

• Ukuqeqeshwa Okujwayelekile Kokuqwashisa: Bonke abasebenzi abathintekayo ekuthuthweni kwe-sodium cyanide, okuhlanganisa abashayeli, abalayishi, nabaphathi, kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile kokuqwashisa ngezinto eziyingozi. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kuhlanganisa ulwazi lwezakhiwo ze-sodium cyanide, izingozi ezingaba khona, kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo okufanele zilandelwe.

• Umsebenzi - Ukuqeqeshwa Okuthize: Abasebenzi kufanele futhi bathole umsebenzi - ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile okuhlobene nezibopho zabo zomsebenzi. Isibonelo, abashayeli badinga ukwazi ukuthi bangasabela kanjani ezimweni eziphuthumayo ngesikhathi sokuthutha, njengokuchitheka noma ingozi yemoto. Abalayishi kufanele baqeqeshwe ngezinqubo ezifanele zokulayisha nokuthulula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwempahla kanye nabo ngokwabo.

• Ukuqeqeshwa Okuphindaphindiwe: Ukuqeqeshwa okuphindaphindiwe kuyadingeka ukugcina ulwazi namakhono abasebenzi kusesikhathini samanje. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bahlale beyazi imithetho yakamuva yokuphepha kanye nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthutha i-sodium cyanide.

4.2 Izinyathelo Zokuphepha

• Izinsiza Zokuvikela (i-PPE): Lapho uphatha i-sodium cyanide, bonke abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke i-PPE efanele. Lokhu kufaka amagilavu ​​erabha, amaphinifa, amabhuzu, izibuko, nothuli - imaski yobufakazi noma yegesi. I-PPE isiza ukuvimbela ukuthintana okuqondile namakhemikhali kanye nokuhogela intuthu yayo enobuthi.

• ukupholisa: Izindawo zokulayisha nokuthulula, kanye nengaphakathi lezimoto zokuthutha, kufanele kungene umoya ohlanzekile. Ukungena komoya kahle kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwamagesi anobuthi emoyeni futhi kunciphise nengozi yokuhogela ngabasebenzi. Ezindaweni lapho i-sodium cyanide iphathwa khona isikhathi eside, imishini yokufaka umoya kufanele ifakwe.

• Izinhlelo Zezimo Eziphuthumayo: Izinkampani zezokuthutha kumele zibe nemininingwane yezinhlelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo ezikhona. Lezi zinhlelo kufanele ziveze izinqubo okufanele zilandelwe uma kwenzeka kuchitheka, kuvuza, noma ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo. Izinhlelo kufanele zifake imininingwane yokuxhumana yezikhungo ezifanele zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo, njengeminyango yendawo yokucima umlilo, izikhungo zokuvikela imvelo, nezikhungo zokulawula ubuthi.

5. Ukusabela Okuphuthumayo Nokuphathwa Kokuchitheka

5.1 Uhlelo Lwezimpendulo Eziphuthumayo

• Izinqubo ezihleliwe ngaphambili: Esimeni sengozi noma ukuchitheka okubandakanya i-sodium cyanide, uhlelo lokusabela oluphuthumayo oluhleliwe ngaphambili kufanele lusebenze ngokushesha. Uhlelo kufanele lube nemininingwane ngezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yomuntu, kuvinjwe ukusabalala kokuchitheka, futhi kuncishiswe ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Isibonelo, kufanele icacise indlela yokukhipha indawo ezungezile, ukuthi ungakuqukatha kanjani ukuchitheka, nokuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani i-sodium cyanide.

• Ukuxhumana: Ukuxhumana okucacile nokusebenzayo kubalulekile ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Inkampani yezokuthutha kufanele yazise ngokushesha izikhungo zendawo ezisabela izimo eziphuthumayo, kanye neziphathimandla ezifanele zokulawula. Ukwengeza, imigudu yokuxhumana kufanele isungulwe nemiphakathi ezungezile ukuze kwaziswe ngalesi simo nanoma yiziphi izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuphuma noma zokuphepha.

5.2 Ukulawula Ukuchitheka

• Okuqukethwe: Uma ukuchitheka kwenzeka, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqukatha i-sodium cyanide ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwayo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezimuncayo, njengesihlabathi noma ukuchitheka okukhethekile - ama-booms okulawula. Indawo ezungeze ukuchitheka kufanele ivalwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena okungagunyaziwe.

• Ukungathathi hlangothi: I-Liquid hydrogen cyanide (ekhiqizwe lapho i-sodium cyanide iphendulana namanzi) nanoma iyiphi i-sodium cyanide esele kufanele ingabi namandla. Ngale njongo, ama-oxidizing agents aqinile njenge-hydrogen peroxide noma i-sodium thiosulfate angasetshenziswa. Inqubo ye-neutralization kufanele yenziwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ngokulandela izinqubo eziqinile zokuphepha.

• Ukuhlanza nokulahla: Ngemva kokungathathi hlangothi, izinto ezingcolile, ezihlanganisa izinto ezimuncayo nanoma yimuphi umhlabathi noma amanzi athintwe ukuchitheka, kufanele kuhlanzwe kahle futhi kulahlwe. Lokhu kuvame ukubandakanya ukuthutha impahla endaweni enelayisensi yokulahla imfucuza eyingozi ukuze iphathwe ngendlela ephephile.

Sengiphetha, ukuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide kuwumsebenzi olawulwa kakhulu nokuphepha - okubalulekile. Ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nazo zonke izidingo ezihlobene Ukuthobela Ukulawula, ukupakisha, izinto zokuhamba, ukuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi, kanye nokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, izingozi ezihlobene nokuthutha lekhemikhali enobuthi obunamandla zingancishiswa ngempumelelo, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabantu nendawo ezungezile.