Izidingo eziqinile kufanele zilandelwe kanjani lapho kuthuthwa i-sodium cyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide iyimpahla ebalulekile yamakhemikhali ayisisekelo, esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi ezinjengezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu kakhulu, noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukuphatha okungalungile ngesikhathi Transportation kungaba usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu nasendaweni ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthwa kwe I-Sodium Cyanide kufanele ihambisane nezidingo eziqinile.

1. Ukulawula Ukuhambisana

1.1 Uhlaka Lwezomthetho

Emazweni amaningi, ukuthuthwa kwe -sodium cyanide kulawulwa ngokuqinile yimithetho nemigomo efanele. Isibonelo, e-United States, uMnyango Wezokuthutha (i-DOT) unemithethonqubo eningiliziwe kuKhodi Yemithetho Kahulumeni (i-CFR), Isihloko 49. Le mithethonqubo ihlanganisa izici ezifana nokupakisha, ukulebula, ukufaka amabhodi, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bezokuthutha. E-China, "Imithethonqubo Yokuphathwa Kokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Ayingozi" ichaza ngokucacile izidingo zokuphathwa kokuphepha kokuthuthwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi obukhulu njenge- Sodium cyanide . Abathumeli bamazwe badinga ukuthola izimvume zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe amakhemikhali alawulwayo ezivela ezikhulwini zikazwelonke ngaphambi kokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, futhi kudingeka isitifiketi sokusetshenziswa kokugcina ukuze kutholakale imvume yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.

1.2 Izimvume namalayisense

Izinkampani zezokuthutha kumele zithole izimvume namalayisense athile okuthutha i-sodium cyanide. Lezi zimvume zivame ukukhishwa iminyango kahulumeni efanele ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuphelele kohlelo lokuphatha ukuphepha kwenkampani, izinto zokuthutha, kanye neziqu zabasebenzi bayo. Isibonelo, ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla eziyingozi e-European Union, izinkampani zidinga ukuthobela imithetho ye-ADR (European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) futhi zithole izitifiketi ezidingekayo ze-ADR.

2. Ukupakisha kanye nokulebula

2.1 Izinto Zokupakisha

• I-Sodium Cyanide Eqinile : I-sodium cyanide eqinile ivame ukuthuthwa ngama-drum ensimbi anesisindo esingama-50 kg. La ma-drum afakwe izikhwama ze-PE zangaphakathi ukuvimbela ukuvuza. Amabhokisi e-plywood anesisindo esingama-1000 kg, afakwe izikhwama ezilukiwe ze-PE zangaphakathi kanye ne-PP, nawo asetshenziswa kakhulu. Izinto zokupakisha kumele zingagqwali futhi zibe namandla anele okumelana nokushaqeka okuvamile kokuphathwa kanye nokuthuthwa.

• Isixazululo se-Sodium Cyanide : I-sodium cyanide enamanzi ivame ukuthuthwa ngezinhlelo "zokugcwalisa ngokuqinile" (ezivaliwe). Ekuthuthweni kwesitimela, ilayishwa noma ithululwe ezinqoleni zesitimela ngamapayipi amakhemikhali noma izingalo zokulayisha ezifakwe i-PTFE. Amaloli ethangi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha isixazululo se-sodium cyanide kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ze-DOT ezimisiwe, njengeziqukathi ze-MC 307 noma ze-ISO zamakhemikhali ezinomfutho ophansi. Wonke ama-trailer kumele afakwe ama-valve okusiza ukucindezela, kanti lawo anezindawo zokuphuma ezingezansi kumele afakwe ama-valve okuvimba alawulwa kude.

2.2 Ukulebula nokuPlakhadi

• Amalebula Okuxwayisa : Wonke amaphakheji aqukethe i-sodium cyanide kumele abhalwe ngokucacile ngamalebula okuxwayisa. Lawa malebula kufanele abonise igama lale khemikhali, uhlobo lwayo olunobuthi, kanye nezixwayiso eziyingozi ezidingekayo, njengokuthi "Ubuthi," "Ubuthi Ngokuphefumula," kanye nokuthi "Ingozi: Ingabangela Ukufa." Amalebula kufanele abe ngolimi oluqondakala kalula endaweni yezokuthutha.

• Amabhodi : Izimoto ezithutha i-sodium cyanide kumele zibonise amabhodi afanele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine. Lawa makhadi ayizimpawu ezinkulu, ezimise okwedayimane ezikhomba ngokucacile uhlobo oluyingozi lomthwalo. Nge-sodium cyanide, ibhodi ngokuvamile lizobonisa inombolo ye-UN (UN1689 ye-sodium cyanide eqinile kanye ne-UN3414 yesisombululo se-sodium cyanide), ikilasi (iKilasi 6.1. elimelela izinto ezinobuthi), kanye nophawu olufanele lwengozi.

3. Izinsiza Zokuthutha kanye Nezimo

3.1 Izidingo Zemoto

• Ukuthuthwa Kwesitimela : I-Sodium cyanide ivame ukuthunyelwa ngezimoto zamathangi ezingama-26.000 - amalitha angu-111 ezivikelwe noma ezingavikelwe ezinezivikelo zokuphepha. Izimoto zamathangi zinobubanzi bangaphandle obungamamitha angu-9 kanye nobude obuphelele obungamamitha angu-45 - 55, kanye nokuvulwa okuphakathi okungu-6' x 6' noma ukuvuleka kwebhokisi lokuphahlazeka. Izimoto zamathangi kumele zihlolwe njalo ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izimpawu zokugqwala, ukuvuza, noma umonakalo.

• Ezokuthutha Emgwaqweni : Amaloli ethangi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha i-sodium cyanide kumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile. Kufanele afakwe amadivayisi okuphepha afana nama-valve okuvala okuphuthumayo, ama-pressure gauge, kanye nokuvikelwa kokugoba. Izimoto kufanele futhi zibe nohlelo lokubhuleka oluthembekile futhi zigcinwe kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okuphephile emgwaqweni.

• Ukuthuthwa Kwezindiza : Lapho kuthuthwa i-sodium cyanide ngendiza, kudingeka izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuqapha. Isibonelo, esimweni lapho kwakudingeka khona ukuthuthwa kwamathani angu-25.7 e-cyanide esuka e-Xi'an eya eMongolia, inkampani yathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuphepha. Impahla yayipakishwe ngendlela "yesikhwama esivaliwe sangaphakathi + iphakethe langaphandle le-drum yensimbi". Ama-drum ensimbi agcwele i-sodium cyanide ayenamathele ngokuqinile kuthreyi yokuthwala ingcindezi ukuvimbela ukushayisana nokuhamba ngesikhathi sokundiza. Izindiza zivame ukwabela abasebenzi bezindiza abanolwazi ezindizeni ezinjalo ezikhethekile zempahla.

3.2 Izimo Zemvelo

• Ukulawulwa Kokushisa Nomswakama : I-Sodium cyanide kufanele ithuthwe endaweni egwema amazinga okushisa aphezulu nomswakama. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angandisa ingozi yokusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi umswakama ungabangela i-sodium cyanide eqinile ukuthi imunce umswakama futhi ikhiphe igesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Izimoto nezindawo zokugcina kufanele zifakwe amadivayisi afanele okulawula amazinga okushisa nomswakama uma kudingeka.

• Ukugwema Ukushaqeka Nokudlidliza : Ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, imoto kufanele igweme ukushaqeka ngokweqile nokudlidliza. Ukushayela kabi, njengokubhuleka okungazelelwe njalo nokujika okubukhali, kungabangela ukuthi amaphakheji ashayisane futhi kungalimaze iphakethe, okuholela ekuvuzeni. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ukushayela kahle futhi bagweme izimo ezinjalo.

4. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi Nezinyathelo Zokuphepha

4.1 Izidingo Zokuqeqesha

• Ukuqeqeshwa Kokuqwashisa Okuvamile : Bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyeka ekuthuthweni kwe-sodium cyanide, okuhlanganisa abashayeli, ama-loaders, kanye nabaphathi, kumele bathole ukuqeqeshwa kokuqwashisa okuvamile ngezinto eziyingozi. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kuhlanganisa ulwazi lwezakhiwo ze-sodium cyanide, izingozi ezingaba khona ezibangelwa yiyo, kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo okufanele zilandelwe.

• Ukuqeqeshwa Okukhethekile Komsebenzi : Abasebenzi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okuqondile komsebenzi okuhlobene nemisebenzi yabo yomsebenzi. Isibonelo, abashayeli kudingeka bazi ukuthi bangasabela kanjani ezimweni eziphuthumayo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, njengokuchitheka noma ingozi yemoto. Abathuthi kufanele baqeqeshwe ngezinqubo ezifanele zokulayisha nokukhulula impahla ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwempahla kanye nabo ngokwabo.

• Ukuqeqeshwa Okuphindaphindiwe : Ukuqeqeshwa okuphindaphindiwe okuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ulwazi namakhono abasebenzi kusesikhathini. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bahlala beqaphela imithetho yakamuva yokuphepha kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu yokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide.

4.2 Izinyathelo Zokuphepha

• Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) : Lapho bephatha i-sodium cyanide, bonke abasebenzi kumele bagqoke i-PPE efanele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amagilavu ​​​​erabha, ama-apron, amabhuzu, izibuko, kanye nama-masks angangeni uthuli noma igesi. I-PPE isiza ukuvimbela ukuthintana ngqo namakhemikhali kanye nokuhogela umusi wayo onobuthi.

• Umoya Ongenisayo : Izindawo zokulayisha nokukhipha impahla, kanye nengaphakathi lezimoto zokuthutha, kufanele zingene kahle emoyeni. Umoya omuhle unganciphisa ukugcwala kwamagesi anobuthi emoyeni futhi unciphise ingozi yokuhogela ngabasebenzi. Ezindaweni lapho i-sodium cyanide iphathwa khona isikhathi eside, kufanele kufakwe imishini yomoya ongenisayo yemishini.

• Izinhlelo Zokuphendula Eziphuthumayo : Izinkampani zezokuthutha kumele zibe nezinhlelo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo ezinemininingwane. Lezi zinhlelo kufanele zichaze izinqubo okufanele zilandelwe uma kwenzeka ukuchitheka, ukuvuza, noma ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo. Izinhlelo kufanele zifake imininingwane yokuxhumana yezikhungo ezifanele zokuphendula eziphuthumayo, njengeminyango yomlilo yendawo, izikhungo zokuvikela imvelo, kanye nezikhungo zokulawula ubuthi.

5. Ukusabela Okuphuthumayo Nokuphathwa Kokuchitheka

5.1 Uhlelo Lwezimpendulo Eziphuthumayo

• Izinqubo Ezihleliwe Ngaphambili : Uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ukuchitheka okubandakanya i-sodium cyanide, uhlelo lokuphendula oluphuthumayo oluhleliwe ngaphambili kumele luqaliswe ngokushesha. Uhlelo kufanele luchaze izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukuvikela impilo yabantu, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokuchitheka, nokunciphisa umonakalo ongokwemvelo. Isibonelo, kufanele luchaze ukuthi ungasusa kanjani indawo ezungezile, ukuthi ungawuvimba kanjani ukuchitheka, nokuthi ungawuqeda kanjani i-sodium cyanide.

• Ukuxhumana : Ukuxhumana okucacile nokusebenzayo kubalulekile ngesikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo. Inkampani yezokuthutha kufanele yazise ngokushesha izinhlangano zendawo eziphendula eziphuthumayo, kanye neziphathimandla ezifanele zokulawula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kusungulwe iziteshi zokuxhumana nemiphakathi ezungezile ukuze ibazise ngesimo kanye nanoma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphuma noma zokuphepha ezidingekayo.

5.2 Ukulawula Ukuchitheka

• Ukuvimbela : Uma kwenzeka ukuchitheka, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuvimbela i-sodium cyanide ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwayo. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezimunca amanzi, njengesihlabathi noma ama-boom okulawula ukuchitheka okukhethekile. Indawo ezungeze ukuchitheka kufanele ivalwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.

• Ukungaguquguquki : I-hydrogen cyanide ewuketshezi (ekhiqizwa lapho i-sodium cyanide isabela emanzini) kanye nanoma iyiphi i-sodium cyanide esele kufanele isuswe. Ngale njongo, ama-oxidizing agents anamandla njenge-hydrogen peroxide noma i-sodium thiosulfate angasetshenziswa. Inqubo yokungaguquguquki kufanele yenziwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe belandela izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile.

• Ukuhlanza Nokulahlwa : Ngemva kokususwa kokungcola, izinto ezingcolile, okuhlanganisa izinto ezimuncayo nanoma yimuphi umhlabathi noma amanzi athintwe ukuchitheka, kumele kuhlanzwe kahle futhi kulahlwe. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukuthutha izinto ezingcolisiwe ziye esikhungweni sokulahla imfucuza eyingozi esinelayisensi ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okuphephile.

Ekuphetheni, ukuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide kuwumsebenzi olawulwa kakhulu futhi obalulekile wokuphepha. Ngokulandela ngokuqinile zonke izidingo ezihlobene noMthethonqubo , ukupakisha, imishini yokuthutha, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kanye nokusabela eziphuthumayo, izingozi ezihlobene nokuthutha leli khemikhali elinobuthi obukhulu zingancishiswa ngempumelelo, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabantu kanye nemvelo.