Uyazi konke ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide?

I-sodium cyanide, enefomula yamakhemikhali i-NaCN, iyinhlanganisela evame ukuletha umuzwa wokuqapha ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni namakhemikhali. Lesi sihloko sicubungula ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe- i-sodium cyanide, egqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo emikhakheni ehlukene kuyilapho igcizelela nesidingo sezinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha.

1. Imboni Yezimayini - Ukukhishwa Kwezinsimbi Eziyigugu

Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezaziwa kakhulu ze I-Sodium Cyanide ikhona imboni yezimayini, ikakhulukazi ukumba igolide nesiliva. Igolide, njengensimbi engasasebenzi, linobudlelwane obuqinile be-cyanide ions. Lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo namanzi, i-sodium cyanide isabela negolide ku-ore. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cyanidation, ivumela igolide ukuba lincibilike engxubeni ye-cyanide, ilihlukanise nokunye ukungcola kwensimbi. Igolide eliwumphumela - inkimbinkimbi ye-cyanide ingaphinde icutshungulwe ukuze kubuyiselwe igolide elimsulwa. Isiliva nalo lingakhishwa ngendlela efanayo. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amasu okukhipha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide ngokucophelela okukhulu emisebenzini yezimayini ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokulimala kwabasebenzi.

2. I-Chemical Synthesis - Ibhulokhi Yokwakha Yezinhlanganisela Ezihlukahlukene

I-sodium cyanide isebenza njengesakhiwo esiyisisekelo ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali abalulekile:

2.1. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Nitriles

Ama-Nitriles ayikilasi lama-organic compounds aneqembu elithile elisebenzayo. I-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-nitrile ngendlela yokusabela lapho i-ion ye-cyanide ithatha indawo ye-athomu ye-halogen ku-alkyl halide. Ama-Nitriles abalulekile ekukhiqizeni izidakamizwa, ama-agrochemicals, kanye nama-polymers.

2.2. Ukuhlanganiswa kweCyanuric Chloride

I-Cyanuric chloride ihlanganiswa kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide. Kuyinhlanganisela ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni odayi, izibulala-zinambuzane, namakhemikhali okwelapha amanzi. I-synthesis ihlanganisa uchungechunge lokusabela oluqala ku-sodium cyanide, futhi isakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele siyenza ibe wusizo ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene.

2.3. Ukulungiswa Kweminye I-Cyanide - Inhlanganisela Esekelwe

I-sodium cyanide iphinde isetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza ezinye izinhlanganisela ezisekelwe ku-cyanide ezifana ne-potassium cyanide, i-sodium cyanide, nama-cyanides ensimbi ahlukahlukene. Lezi zinhlanganisela zithola izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-electroplating, ukuqedwa kwensimbi, nanjengama-catalysts ekuphenduleni okuthile kwamakhemikhali.

3. Imboni ye-Electroplating

In the umkhakha we-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamabhati e-electroplating. Amabhavu e-Cyanide asekelwe ku-electroplating awusizo ikakhulukazi ekufakeni izinsimbi njengethusi, isiliva, negolide. Ama-cyanide ions okugeza asiza ekubopheni nge-ion yensimbi, enikeza izinzuzo eziningana. Ivumela ukufakwa okufanayo kwensimbi ku-substrate, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni kwensimbi okubushelelezi nokunamathela kakhudlwana. Ukwengeza, kunciphisa i-polarization ku-anode, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-anode yensimbi incibilika ngokulinganayo phakathi nenqubo ye-electroplating futhi igcina ukugcwala okungaguquki kwama-ion ensimbi kubhavu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa izinqubo ze-non-cyanide electroplating. Kodwa okwamanje, i-cyanide - based electroplating isasetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukufakwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

4. I-Organic Synthesis ku-Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals

4.1. Ezemithi

I-sodium cyanide ihileleke ekuhlanganiseni izinhlanganisela eziningi zemithi. Ngokwesibonelo, isetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni amanye ama-amino acid, okuyizingqimba zamaprotheni. Ekuhlanganisweni kwezidakamizwa ezithile, iqembu le-cyanide lingangeniswa esakhiweni samangqamuzana lisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide njengento yokuqala. Leli qembu le-cyanide lingabuye liguqulwe ngokushintshashintsha kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene ukuze kutholwe izakhiwo ezifiselekayo zemithi yomuthi.

4.2. Amakhemikhali ezolimo

Embonini ye-agrochemical, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izibulala-zinambuzane nama-herbicides. Ezinye izibulala-zinambuzane zihlanganiswa kusetshenziswa i-cyanide - equkethe izinto ezimaphakathi. Lawa ma-agrochemicals asiza ekuvikeleni izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasekhulani, ngaleyo ndlela andise umkhiqizo wezolimo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ekukhiqizweni kwe-agrochemical futhi kudinga ukuphepha okuqinile kanye nemithethonqubo yemvelo ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yimiphi imithelela engemihle ku-ecosystem.

5. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza

5.1. Ukuhlanzwa Kwensimbi kanye Nokwelashwa Kwendawo

I-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni insimbi nasezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwendawo. Ingasiza ekukhipheni ukugqwala, isikali, nokunye ukungcola ezindaweni zensimbi. Kwezinye izimo, isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa namanye amakhemikhali ensimbi - imisebenzi yokuqeda ukulungisa indawo yensimbi ukuze iqhubeke nokucutshungulwa njengokudweba noma ukunamathela.

5.2. I-Rodenticide (Ukusetshenziswa Okungekho emthethweni Futhi Okukhawulelwe)

Ngokomlando, i-sodium cyanide ibisetshenziswa njenge-rodenticide ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yengozi enkulu ebangelwa yizinto eziphilayo ezingaqondiwe, okuhlanganisa nabantu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo njenge-rodenticide kuvinjelwe kakhulu noma kuvinjelwe ezifundeni eziningi. Ukungena ngephutha noma ukuchayeka kuma-rodenticides asekelwe kwi-sodium cyanide kungaba nemiphumela emibi, kukwenze kube inketho engamukelekile yokulawula izinambuzane ezimeni eziningi.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokuphepha

Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo okuningi, i-sodium cyanide iyinto enobuthi kakhulu. Ingabulala uma ihogela, imunywa, noma imuncwa esikhumbeni. Lapho i-sodium cyanide ihlangana nama-asidi, ikhipha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi, eyingozi kakhulu. Ezilungiselelweni zezimboni, izimiso zokuphepha eziqinile ziyasebenza ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide. Abasebenzi kumele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, okuhlanganisa amagilavu, izifihla-buso, nezingubo zokuzivikela. Izindawo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide zenzelwe ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukuchayeka kumswakama nama-asidi. Esimeni sokuchitheka noma izingozi, izinqubo ezifanele zokuqeda ukungcola kusetshenziswa izinto ezinjenge-hydrogen peroxide, ezingase zikhiphe i-sodium cyanide emikhiqizweni enobuthi obuncane, ziqaliswa ngokushesha.

Sengiphetha, i-sodium cyanide, naphezu kobuthi bayo bemvelo, idlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningana. Isebenza kusukela ekukhishweni kwensimbi eyigugu ezimayini kuya ekubeni i-reagent eyinhloko ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali kwezemithi kanye namakhemikhali ezolimo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa okuphephile nokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela impilo yomuntu kanye nemvelo.