Liyini i-Optimal Sodium Cyanide Concentration Range yeGold Leaching?

Embonini yezimayini zegolide, ukuhlanzwa kwe -cyanide kusalokhu kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokukhipha igolide ku-ore. I-Sodium cyanide, ikakhulukazi, ithandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle, ukuzinza kwayo, kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Ukunquma ukuhlushwa kwe -sodium cyanide efanele kubalulekile njengoba kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwegolide, izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo.

Ukucatshangelwa kwethiyori

Ngokwethiyori, ukuncibilika kwegolide esixazululweni se-cyanide kulandela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali athile. Ukuze igremu ngalinye legolide lincibilike, kudingeka cishe amagremu angu-0.92 e- Sodium Cyanide ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zangempela, ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwe -Sodium cyanide kuphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingu-50 - 100 kunenani elicatshangelwayo.

Izici Ezithinta Ukugxila Okukahle

Izici ze-Ore

1. I-Gold Mineralogy : Uhlobo lwamaminerali egolide akhona ku-ore ludlala indima ebalulekile. Uma igolide lisesimweni esihle kakhulu sokugaya, lizodinga ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide okuhlukile uma kuqhathaniswa negolide elihlotshaniswa namaminerali e-sulfide noma ezinye izinto eziphikisayo. Isibonelo, kwezinye imithambo ye-quartz ephethe igolide, lapho igolide likhululekile khona - ukuhlushwa, ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide okuphansi kunganele.

2. Usayizi Wezinhlayiya Nokungenela : Ama-ore acwebezelayo ngokuvamile anendawo ephezulu, okuvumela ukuthintana okusebenzayo phakathi kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide nezinhlayiya zegolide. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugcwala kwe-cyanide okuphansi kungase kusebenze. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-ore acwebezelayo angadinga ukugcwala okuphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwala kwezinhlayiya ze-ore kuthinta ukugeleza kwesisombululo se-cyanide nge-ore, kuthonye ukugcwala okudingekayo.

3. Ukuba khona Kwezinye Izinsimbi : Ithusi, ikakhulukazi, lisabela kakhulu ne-sodium cyanide. Lingadla inani elikhulu le-cyanide ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha. Kuwo wonke amagremu ethusi ancibilikisiwe, ngokuvamile kudingeka amagremu angu-2.3 kuya kwangu-3.4 e-cyanide. Kuma-ore anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwethusi, ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-sodium cyanide kungadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona i-cyanide eyanele etholakalayo yokuncibilikisa igolide. Ezinye izinsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, i-lead, kanye ne-iron nazo zingathinta ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide, yize zingaba zimbi kakhulu.

Izimo Zenqubo

1. Izinga le-pH : I-pH yesisombululo sokukhipha amanzi iyisici esibalulekile. I-sodium cyanide iyawayidiza esixazululweni, ikhiqize i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN), okuyigesi enobuthi kakhulu. Izinga le-hydrolysis lincike ku-pH yesisombululo. Ku-pH engu-10.5, kukhiqizwa i-hydrocyanic acid engu-6.1% kuphela, kuyilapho kukhiqizwa i-pH engu-9.0. 67.1%. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwe-cyanide nge-hydrolysis nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide, i-pH ivame ukugcinwa phakathi kuka-11 no-12 ezitshalweni ze-gold CIP (Carbon-in-Pulp). Lokhu futhi kunomthelela ekugxilweni kwe-sodium cyanide okuhle kakhulu, njengoba indawo ene-alkaline ingadinga ukugxilwa okuphezulu kancane ukuze kugxilwe igolide ngempumelelo.

2. Ukuhlushwa kwe-Oxygen Okuncibilikisiwe : I-Oxygen ibalulekile ekuncibilikisweni kwegolide esixazululweni se-cyanide. Ukusabela kudinga ama-ion e-cyanide (CN⁻) kanye ne-oxygen (O₂). Ukuncibilika okuphezulu kwe-oxygen ekushiseni kwegumbi kanye nokucindezela kungu-8.2 mg/L. Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen okuncibilikisiwe ku-slurry kungaphansi kuka-4 mg/L, kunganciphisa izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umoya ungafakwa ku-slurry noma i-hydrogen peroxide ingangezwa ukwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen. Isilinganiso se-oxygen ne-cyanide sibalulekile; ukungalingani kungaholela ekwehleni kwesilinganiso sokuphuma kwe-leaching. Njengoba ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen kuthinta i-kinetics yokusabela, kuthinta futhi ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide okuhle kakhulu. Ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen okuphezulu kungavumela ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide okuphansi kancane, kanye nokuphikisana nalokho.

Izigaba Ezijwayelekile Zokugxilwa Kokuzijwayeza

1. Kuzinqubo ze-CIP kanye ne-CIL (Carbon-in-Leach) : Kumjikelezo ojwayelekile we-CIP noma we-CIL, lapho i-ore ephethe igolide isesimweni se-slurry futhi i-Carbon isetshenziselwa ukumunca igolide elincibilikisiwe, ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide ngokuvamile kugcinwa kububanzi obungu-0.3 - 0.4 amagremu ngelitha (0.03 - 0.04%). Lolu hlu lokugcwala lutholakale lusebenza kahle ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ze-ore ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kuma-ore ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma lawo anamazinga aphezulu okungcola, ukugcwala kungalungiswa phezulu, ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelele kumagremu angu-0.6 - 0.8 ngelitha (0.06 - 0.08%).

2. Ekukhucululeni i-Vat : Ukukhuculula i-Vat kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ama-ore aqinile noma lapho i-ore icutshungulwa ngamaqoqo. Kule nqubo, ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide kuvame ukuba phezulu, cishe i-1.0 gram ngelitha (0.1%). Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kuqinisekisa indawo engaphansi kwezinhlayiya ze-ore eziqinile futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo se-cyanide singangena ku-ore futhi sincibilikise igolide ngempumelelo.

3. Ukususwa kwe-Cyanidation : Lapho kucwiliswa i-cyanide ezinyathelweni zangaphambilini zokucubungula (njengokuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi), ukugcwala kwe-cyanide kungahluka kuye ngokuqukethwe kwegolide okusele kanye nohlobo lwe-tailings. Ngokuvamile, ukugcwala kwe-cyanide kungasukela ku-0.5 - 2 kg/t ye-ore, okuthi uma iguqulwa ibe ukugcwala kwesisombululo, kungaba phakathi kuka-0.05 - 0.2 amagremu ngelitha (0.005 - 0.02%). Ukugcwala okuphansi kuvame ukwanele njengoba ukugcwala kungenzeka ukuthi sekulungisiwe kakade, futhi igolide elisele litholakala kalula.

Imithelela Yemvelo Nokuphepha

Ngenkathi kunqunywa ukugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide efanelekile yokucwiliswa kwegolide, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zemvelo nokuphepha. I-Cyanide iyisithako esinobuthi obukhulu, futhi noma yikuphi ukukhululwa endaweni ezungezile kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ukugcina ukugxila okufanele akusizi nje kuphela ekukhishweni kwegolide ngendlela ephumelelayo kodwa futhi kunciphisa inani le-cyanide engase ibe khona emifudlaneni yemfucuza. Ukwengeza, ukuphatha nokugcinwa okufanele kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuchitheka noma ukukhishwa ngengozi.

Isiphetho

Uhla oluphelele lokuhluzwa kwe-sodium cyanide lokuhluzwa kwegolide luyahlukahluka kuye ngezici eziningi, kufaka phakathi izici ze-ore kanye nezimo zenqubo. Ngokuvamile, emisebenzini evamile kakhulu yokuhluzwa kwegolide njenge-CIP, CIL, kanye nokuhluzwa kwe-vat , ukuhluzwa kuhluka kusuka ku-0.03% - 0.1% (0.3 - 1.0 amagremu ngelitha ngalinye). Kodwa-ke, emzimbeni ngamunye we-ore othize, kunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo zelabhorethri ezinemininingwane, njengokuhlolwa kwe-bottle roll kanye nekholomu, ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile ukuhluzwa kwe-sodium cyanide okufaneleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kwegolide okuphezulu ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko kanye nemiphumela yemvelo.