I-sodium cyanide isiza kanjani ekumbiweni kwegolide?

Enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi neyinkimbinkimbi yokumbiwa kwegolide , i-Sodium Cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile futhi evame ukungaqondwa kahle. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuchaza ngokuphelele ukuthi le nhlanganisela yamakhemikhali inikela kanjani ekukhishweni kwegolide ematsheni ayo.

Umgomo we-Sodium Cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide

Igolide, esimweni sayo semvelo, livame ukuba khona ema-ore asezingeni eliphansi, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlukana nedwala elizungezile kanye namaminerali. I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) isabela negolide enqubweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Cyanidation . Ama-ion e-cyanide ku- sodium cyanide akha inhlanganisela eqinile enama-ion egolide. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungamelwa nje kanje:

4Au + 8NaCN+O_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow4Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+4NaOH

Lokhu kusabela kuncibilikisa igolide etsheni, kulihlukanise ne-ganggue (amaminerali namatshe angafunwa). Umphumela wegolide - i-cyanide complex, [Au(CN)_{2}]^{-}, iyancibilika emanzini, okuwukhiye wokuhlukaniswa kwayo nazo zonke izingxenye zensimbi.

Inqubo Yokusebenzisa I-Sodium Cyanide Emayini Yegolide

1. Ukulungiswa Kwensimbi: Okokuqala, insimbi ephethe igolide elimbiwe iyachotshozwa bese igaywa ibe yimpuphu ecolekile. Lokhu kwandisa indawo engaphezulu kwensimbi, okuvumela ukuthintana kahle phakathi kwezinhlayiya zegolide kanye nesisombululo se -Sodium cyanide.

2. Ukuvuza: I-ore eyimpuphu ibe isifakwa ematangini amakhulu noma ezinqwabeni, bese kufakwe isixazululo esincibilikisiwe se-sodium cyanide noma sibhobozwe ngayo. Isixazululo se-cyanide sincibilikisa kancane kancane igolide esikhathini esingaba amahora amaningana kuya ezinsukwini eziningana, kuye ngohlobo lwe-ore.

3. Ukutholwa Kwegolide - I-Cyanide Complex: Ngemva kwenqubo Yokukhuculula , isixazululo esiqukethe i-gold - cyanide complex sihlukaniswa ne-residue eqinile (i-gangue). Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngezindlela ezifana nokuhlunga noma ukuthungwa.

4. Ukuna kweGolide: Ukuze kutholakale igolide elihlanzekile esixazululweni se-gold-cyanide complex, kufakwe i-reducing agent, njengothuli lwe-zinc. I-zinc isusa igolide endaweni yalo, okwenza igolide liphume njenge-solid. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungokulandelayo:

2Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+Zn\rightarrow2Au + Na_{2}[Zn(CN)_{4}]

Igolide elinemvula libe selicwengwa ngokuqhubekayo ngezinqubo ezinjengokuncibilikiswa ukuze kutholwe izigxobo zegolide ezimsulwa.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa I-Sodium Cyanide Emayini Yegolide

1. Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu: I-Cyanidation ingenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokukhipha igolide kuma-ore asezingeni eliphansi. Ingabuyisa ingxenye enkulu yegolide elikhona ku-ore, ivame ukufinyelela amazinga okubuyisa angu-80 - 95% ekusebenzeni okuhle kakhulu.

2. Ukukhetha: I-Sodium cyanide ikhombisa izinga eliphezulu lokukhetha maqondana negolide. Isabela kangcono negolide kunezinye izimbiwa eziningi ezivamile ezitholakala kuma-ore egolide, okusiza ekuhlukaniseni igolide engxubeni eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto kalula.

3. Izindleko - Ukusebenza Kahle: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokukhipha igolide ezihlukile, njengokuhlanganiswa kwe-mercury (okunezingozi ezinkulu zemvelo nezempilo) noma izinqubo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezinamandla, i-cyanidation esebenzisa i-sodium cyanide iyasebenza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini emikhulu yokumba.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Naphezu kokusebenza kwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ezimayini zegolide akukhona ukuphikisana. I-sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu. Noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanele kwezixazululo ze-sodium cyanide kungaba yingozi enkulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Uma kuchitheka, i-cyanide ingangcolisa umhlabathi, imithombo yamanzi, futhi ilimaze izilwane zasemanzini. Ukunciphisa lezi zingozi, izinkampani zezimayini zisebenzisa izimiso zokuphepha eziqinile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ulwelwesi oluphindwe kabili lwendawo yokugcina kanye namachibi avuzayo, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwamazinga e-cyanide emifudlaneni yemfucuza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kukhishwe ubuthi be-cyanide - equkethe imfucuza ngaphambi kokulahlwa. Ukwengeza, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela zokukhipha igolide ezingayingcolisi imvelo, kodwa okwamanje, ukuxutshwa kwe-cyanid ne-sodium cyanide kusewubuchule obuhamba phambili embonini yezimayini zegolide ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo kanye nezindleko zayo.

Sengiphetha, i-sodium cyanide iyithuluzi elibalulekile ezimayini zegolide zanamuhla. Ikhono layo lokukhetha ukuncibilikisa igolide ezinsimbini ezinsimbi, kuhlanganiswe nezindleko zalo eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhishweni kwale nsimbi eyigugu. Kodwa-ke, imboni kumele iqhubeke nokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo nezinyathelo eziqinile zezemvelo nezokuphepha ukuze kuqinisekiswe izindlela eziqhubekayo zokumba igolide.