I-sodium cyanide isiza kanjani ekumbiweni kwegolide?

In the complex and resource - inqubo olunzulu Izimayini zegolide, I-Sodium Cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile nevame ukungaqondakali kahle. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuchaza kabanzi ukuthi le nhlanganisela yamakhemikhali inomthelela kanjani ekukhishweni kwegolide ezinsimbini zayo.

Umgomo we-Sodium Cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide

Igolide, esimweni salo semvelo, livame ukuba khona kuma-ores asezingeni eliphansi, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlukana namatshe azungezile kanye namaminerali. Isodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) iphendula negolide kunqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Cyanidation. I-cyanide ions ngaphakathi i-sodium cyanide yakha inkimbinkimbi eqinile ene-ion yegolide. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungamelelwa nje kanje:

4Au + 8NaCN+O_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow4Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+4NaOH

Lokhu kusabela kuncibilikisa igolide etsheni, kulihlukanise ne-ganggue (amaminerali namatshe angafunwa). Umphumela wegolide - i-cyanide complex, [Au(CN)_{2}]^{-}, iyancibilika emanzini, okuwukhiye wokuhlukaniswa kwayo nazo zonke izingxenye zensimbi.

Inqubo Yokusebenzisa I-Sodium Cyanide Emayini Yegolide

1. Ukulungiselela Ore: Okokuqala, igolide elimbiwe - i-ore ethwalayo iyachotshozwa futhi igaywe ibe yimpushana ecolekile. Lokhu kwandisa indawo engaphezulu ye-ore, okuvumela ukuthintana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwezinhlayiya zegolide kanye ne-ore I-sodium cyanide Isisombululo.

2. I-Leaching: I-ore eyimpushana ibe isifakwa emathangeni amakhulu noma izinqwaba, bese ingxube ewuketshezi ye-sodium cyanide ifafazwa noma ihlinzwe ngayo. Isixazululo se-cyanide sincibilikisa igolide kancane kancane esikhathini esingasukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi.

3. Ukutholwa Kwegolide - I-Cyanide Complex: Ngemva kokuba Ukuhamba inqubo, isixazululo esiqukethe igolide - i-cyanide complex ihlukaniswa nensalela eqinile (gangue). Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngezindlela ezinjengokuhlunga noma ukucwiliswa kwe-sedimentation.

4. Imvula Yegolide: Ukuthola igolide elihlanzekile kusuka kusixazululo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-cyanide, i-ejenti yokunciphisa, njengothuli lwe-zinc, yengezwa. I-zinc isusa igolide endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza igolide lihle liphume njengento eqinile. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali imi kanje:

2Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+Zn\rightarrow2Au + Na_{2}[Zn(CN)_{4}]

Igolide elinemvula libe selicwengwa ngokuqhubekayo ngezinqubo ezinjengokuncibilikiswa ukuze kutholwe izigxobo zegolide ezimsulwa.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa I-Sodium Cyanide Emayini Yegolide

1. Ukusebenza Okuphezulu: I-Cyanidation ingenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokukhipha igolide kuma-ore asezingeni eliphansi. Ingakwazi ukubuyisela ingxenye enkulu yegolide elikhona etsheni, ngokuvamile ifinyelela amazinga okuthola kabusha angama-80 - 95% emisebenzini eyenziwe kahle.

2. Umsebenzi: I-sodium cyanide ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokukhetha igolide. Ngokukhethekile isabela negolide ngaphezu kwamanye amaminerali amaningi avamile atholakala ezitsheni zegolide, esiza ekuhlukaniseni igolide nengxube eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto kalula nje.

3. Izindleko - Ukusebenza kahle: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokukhipha igolide, njengokuhlanganiswa kwe-mercury (okunezingozi ezinkulu zemvelo nempilo) noma izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezinamandla kakhulu namandla, i-cyanidation kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide kubiza kakhulu - kusebenza ngempumelelo, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yezimayini ezinkulu.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Naphezu kokusebenza kwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ezimayini zegolide akukhona ukuphikisana. I-sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu. Noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanele kwezixazululo ze-sodium cyanide kungaba yingozi enkulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Uma kuchitheka, i-cyanide ingangcolisa umhlabathi, imithombo yamanzi, futhi ilimaze izilwane zasemanzini. Ukunciphisa lezi zingozi, izinkampani zezimayini zisebenzisa izimiso zokuphepha eziqinile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ulwelwesi oluphindwe kabili lwendawo yokugcina kanye namachibi avuzayo, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwamazinga e-cyanide emifudlaneni yemfucuza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kukhishwe ubuthi be-cyanide - equkethe imfucuza ngaphambi kokulahlwa. Ukwengeza, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela zokukhipha igolide ezingayingcolisi imvelo, kodwa okwamanje, ukuxutshwa kwe-cyanid ne-sodium cyanide kusewubuchule obuhamba phambili embonini yezimayini zegolide ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo kanye nezindleko zayo.

Sengiphetha, i-sodium cyanide iyithuluzi elibalulekile ezimayini zegolide zanamuhla. Ikhono layo lokukhetha ukuncibilikisa igolide ezinsimbini ezinsimbi, kuhlanganiswe nezindleko zalo eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhishweni kwale nsimbi eyigugu. Kodwa-ke, imboni kumele iqhubeke nokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo nezinyathelo eziqinile zezemvelo nezokuphepha ukuze kuqinisekiswe izindlela eziqhubekayo zokumba igolide.