Liyini Inani Eliphelele le-pH leCyanide Leaching?

I-Cyanide leaching ibilokhu iyisisekelo ekukhishweni kwegolide nesiliva kumaminerali amaminerali kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezimboni ngo-1887. Le nqubo incike ebhalansini ethambile yezinto ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali nezemvelo, nenani le-pH lesixazululo eligqama njengepharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu.

I-Chemical Rationale Esemuva kwe-pH ku-Cyanide Leaching

I-Cyanide, ngokuvamile ngesimo se- Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) noma i-potassium cyanide (KCN), isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinhloko yokukhipha i-leaching. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisana kwayo negolide nesiliva kuthonywa kakhulu yizinga le-pH. I-Cyanide ikhona ngokulingana ne-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), i-compound enobuthi kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo. Endaweni ene-acidic (i-pH ephansi), ibhalansi yamakhemikhali ishintshela ekwakhekeni kwegesi ye-HCN. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuba yingozi enkulu yokuphepha kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukutholakala kwama-ion e-cyanide yamahhala, adingekayo ekuncibilikiseni igolide nesiliva.

Ukuze kukhishwe igolide nesiliva ngendlela ephumelelayo , isixazululo kumele sigcinwe esimweni se-alkaline. Uma i-pH iphezulu, i-cyanide ihlala kakhulu esimweni sayo se-ionic, okuvumela ukuthi yakhe ama-complexes azinzile ngegolide nesiliva. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha, kukhiqizwa ama-ion e-hydroxide, okufaka isandla kakhulu ku-alkaline yesisombululo.

Ukunquma Ibanga Le-pH Elilungile

Izifundo eziningi kanye nemikhuba yezimboni ithole ububanzi be-pH obufanele kakhulu bokuhlanzwa kwe-Cyanide . Ngokuvamile, inani le-pH elingaphezu kuka-10.5 libhekwa njengelibalulekile, futhi imisebenzi eminingi ihlose ukugcina i-pH ephakathi kuka-11 no-12. Nasi isizathu:

• Ukukhulisa Ukuncibilika Kwegolide : Ku-pH ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu, izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide liyathuthukiswa. Ukuphambuka kulolu hlu kungaholela ekwehleni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhipha. Isibonelo, uma i-pH yehla ngaphansi kuka-10.5, ukwakheka kwegesi ye-HCN kunciphisa ukugcwala kwama-ion e-cyanide yamahhala, kunciphisa ukusabela ngegolide.

• Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cyanide : Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cyanide kuhlobene kakhulu nezinga le-pH. Amanani aphansi e-pH angabangela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide okwandisiwe njengoba i-cyanide iba buthakathaka ekwakheni ama-complex. Ngokulondoloza i-pH ephezulu, ukuzinza kwama-cyanide complexes kuyaqinisekiswa, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cyanide okungadingekile.

• Izinto Okufanele Uzicabangele Ngokuphepha : Ngokombono wokuphepha, ukugcina i-pH ingaphezu kuka-10.5 kubalulekile. Igesi ye-HCN inobuthi obukhulu, futhi ngisho namanani amancane angabulala. Ngokulawula i-pH ngaphakathi kobubanzi obunconywayo, ukwakheka kwale gesi eyingozi kuyancishiswa, kuvikele impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi ezikhungweni zezimayini nezokukhipha.

Izinto Ezithonya I-pH Elungile

• Ukwakheka Kwensimbi : Ama-ore ahlukene angaqukatha ukungcola okuhlukahlukene namaminerali angathinta i-pH efanele. Isibonelo, ama-ore anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-sulfur angadinga ukulungiswa kwe-pH okuhlukile kancane, njengoba ama-compound aqukethe i-sulfur angasabela nesixazululo se-cyanide futhi athonye indawo yonke yamakhemikhali.

• Izinga Lokushisa : Izinga lokushisa lenqubo yokukhipha i-acid lingathinta ne-pH efanele. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo kanye nesilinganiso sokusabela kwamakhemikhali kuyashintsha. Ngokuvamile, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide ngokwayo iyanda, futhi ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo kwehla. Lokhu kungadinga ukulungiswa okuncane ku-pH ukuze kulondolozwe izimo zokukhipha i-acid ezifanele. Kodwa-ke, izinqubo eziningi zokukhipha i-cyanide zenziwa emazingeni okushisa aseduze (cishe ama-15 - 30 °C) ukuze kugwenywe ukubola kwe-cyanide ngokweqile kanye nokulahleka komoya-mpilo.

Izindlela zokulawula i-pH

• I-Lime (CaO) kanye ne-Caustic Soda (NaOH) : Lezi yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa nokugcina i-pH ekukhucululweni kwe-cyanide. I-Lime, uma ingezwa emanzini, yakha i-calcium hydroxide, ephendula nezingxenye ze-acidic esixazululweni sokwandisa i-pH. I-Caustic soda (NaOH), isisekelo esiqinile, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuphakamisa i-pH ngokushesha. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu okubili kuncike ezintweni ezifana nezindleko, ukutholakala, kanye nezidingo ezithile ze-ore ecutshungulwayo.

• Izinzwa ze-pH : Ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwe-pH okunembile, imisebenzi yesimanje yokumba incike ezinzwa ze-pH ezithuthukisiwe. Lezi zinzwa zingaqapha njalo i-pH yesisombululo sokukhipha amanzi futhi zinikeze idatha yesikhathi sangempela. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, opharetha bangalungisa ukungezwa kwama-reagent alawula i-pH ukuze balondoloze ububanzi be-pH obufanele.

Sengiphetha, inani le-pH elilungile le-cyanide leaching lisebangeni elingu-11 - 12. Leli nani linqunywa inhlanganisela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali, izidingo zokuphepha, kanye nesidingo sokukhipha igolide nesiliva ngendlela efanele. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela i-pH namanye amapharamitha, izinkampani zezimayini zingakhuphula ukutholwa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kuyilapho zinciphisa ubungozi bemvelo nokuphepha.