Ukubhekana Nokusetshenziswa Kakhulu Kwesodium Cyanide Emayini Yegolide Leaching

Embonini yezimayini zegolide, inqubo yokukhipha i-cyanidation isalokhu iyisisekelo sokukhipha igolide ku-ore. Kodwa-ke, inkinga yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-Sodium cyanide ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwezimayini zegolide ayigcini nje ngokukhulisa izindleko zokusebenza kodwa futhi ibeka nezingozi ezinkulu zemvelo nezokuphepha. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuhlolisisa izimbangela eziyinhloko, izindlela zokuthola ezisebenzayo, kanye nezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokubhekana nale nkinga evame kakhulu.

Ukuqonda Izimbangela

1. Izici ze-Ore

• I-Mineralogy Eyinkimbinkimbi : Ama-ore anezakhi zamaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi angabangela ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-cyanide . Amaminerali e-sulfide, isibonelo, asabela ne-cyanide, akha ama-compound e-thiocyanate. I-Arsenopyrite ne-pyrrhotite ku-ore zingadla i-cyanide ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-oxidation kanye ne-complexation, ziyiphambukise enkambisweni yokukhipha igolide.

• Okuqukethwe Okuphezulu Kwekhabhoni : Amatshe e-carbonaceous aqukethe izinto eziphilayo ezimunca i-gold-cyanide complexes, into eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-preg-robbing.” Lokhu kuphoqa ukungezwa kwe-cyanide eningi ukuze kulungiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha okulahlekile, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile.

2. Izici Zokusebenza

• Ukungakhululeki Okwanele : Ukuxuba okunganele ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphuma kuholela ekuxhumaneni okungekuhle phakathi kwe-ore nesisombululo se-cyanide. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuncibilika kwegolide futhi kukhuthaze abaqhubi ukuthi bangeze i-cyanide eyengeziwe ngethemba lokuthuthukisa amazinga okukhipha.

• Amazinga e-pH angaphansi kwafanele : I-Cyanidation incike kakhulu kwi-pH, kanti ububanzi obufanele ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-10.5 no-11.5. I-pH engaphansi kwalolu bubanzi ibangela ukuthi i-cyanide iguquke ibe yigesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, okunciphisa ukutholakala kwayo ukuze incibilike. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-pH ephezulu kakhulu ingaphazamisa isisombululo se-cyanide, futhi inegalelo ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa.

3. Ikhwalithi Yamanzi

• Amanzi Aqinile : Amanzi anezinga eliphezulu le-calcium, i-magnesium, kanye namanye ama-ion ensimbi angasabela ne-cyanide, akhe ama-complex e-cyanide ensimbi angancibiliki. Lokhu kusabela kuqeda i-cyanide esixazululweni sokuvuza, okudinga ukwengezwa kwe-cyanide eyengeziwe.

• Okuqukethwe kwe-Oxygen encibilikisiwe : Nakuba i-oxygen ibalulekile ekufakweni kwegolide ngesikhathi se-cyanidation, amazinga aphezulu angasheshisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-cyanide uqobo, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwayo ngokushesha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okwandisiwe.

Izindlela Zokuthola

1. Ukusampula Okujwayelekile Nokuhlaziya

Qoqa amasampula esixazululo se-leaching ezigabeni ezehlukene zenqubo, okuhlanganisa okuphakelayo, okumaphakathi, nokukhipha izindawo. Hlaziya lawa masampuli ukuze uthole ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide usebenzisa izindlela ezifana ne-titration, i-ion chromatography, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-colorimetric. Ukuqhathanisa amaleveli e-cyanide alinganisiwe namanani wetiyori kungasiza ukukhomba amaphethini okusetshenziswa okungavamile.

2. Amapharamitha wenqubo yokuqapha

Hlala uqapha amapharamitha okhiye okusebenza njenge-pH, izinga lokushisa, isivinini sokuyaluza, nokuqukethwe komoyampilo. Ukuchezuka kububanzi obufanele kungabonisa izinkinga ezingaba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwe-cyanide. Sebenzisa amasistimu okuqapha azenzakalelayo angacupha ama-alamu lapho amapharamitha eduka emikhawulweni emisiwe.

3. I-Ore Characterization

Yenza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwe-mineralogical kanye namakhemikhali kwamaqoqo e-ore angenayo. I-X-ray diffraction (XRD), i-electron microscopy (SEM) yokuskena, kanye ne-atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) inganikeza imininingwane ekwakhekeni kwensimbi, kusize ukubikezela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide nokulungisa inqubo yokucwilisa ngokufanele.

Izixazululo Eziphumelelayo

1. Ukulungiswa Kwensimbi

• Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokuxoxisana : Kuma-ore aqukethe amaminerali e-sulfide, izindlela zokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokuxoxisana njengokugcoba, ukuxoxisana ngengcindezi, noma i-bio-oxidation zingasetshenziswa. Lezi zinqubo zihlukanisa amaminerali e-sulfide, zinciphise ukusabela kwawo nge-cyanide futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha igolide ngenkathi zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

• Ukususwa Kwekhabhoni : Uma kwenzeka ama-carbon aceous ores, ukuhlanzwa kwangaphambili nge-activated carbon noma ezinye izinto ezisusa ikhabhoni kungasiza ekuqedeni umphumela wokuphanga ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ikhabhoni. Lokhu kuvumela i-cyanide ukuthi igxile ekuncibilikiseni igolide kunokuba idliwe yi-carbonaceous matter.

2. Ukuthuthukisa Inqubo

• Ukulungiswa Kokushukuma Nomoya : Qinisekisa amazinga afanele okushukuma nomoya ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuxubana okufanayo kanye nokudluliswa komoya-mpilo okuhle kakhulu. Yenza izivivinyo zesikali sokuhlola ukuze kutholakale isivinini sokushukuma esifanele kanye nesilinganiso somoya sezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ore kanye nezimo zokukhipha umoya.

• Ukulawulwa kwe-pH : Faka izinhlelo zokulawula i-pH ezenzakalelayo ezingalungisa ngokunembile i-pH yesisombululo sokukhipha amanzi. Sebenzisa i-lime noma i-sodium hydroxide ukuze ugcine i-pH ingaphakathi kwebanga elifanele, uvimbele ukuwohloka kwe-cyanide futhi uqinisekise ukuncibilika kwegolide okuphumelelayo.

3. Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi

• Ukuthambisa : Phatha amanzi enqubo ukuze ususe ama-ion abangela ubulukhuni. Ama-resin okushintshana kwama-ion noma ukuthambisa i-lime kungasetshenziswa ukukhulisa ama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium, kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kwawo nesisombululo se-cyanide.

• Ukuphathwa Komoya-mpilo : Lungiselela ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo enqubweni yokukhipha umoya-mpilo. Sebenzisa izinzwa zomoya-mpilo ukuqapha nokulawula okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, uqinisekise ukuthi kwanele ukungcoliswa kwegolide kodwa kungabi ngokweqile okungabangela ukuwohloka kwe-cyanide.

4. Ukuphathwa kwe-Reagent

• Izinto Ezithatha Indawo Ye-Cyanide : Hlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokukhipha i-leaching ezifana ne-thiosulfate, i-thiourea, noma izixazululo ezisekelwe ku-chloride. Lezi zindlela zokufaka esikhundleni zingase zinikeze umthelela ophansi kwezemvelo kanye namazinga okusetshenziswa aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne- Sodium Cyanide , ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-ore.

• Ukuvuselela Ama-Reagent : Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokubuyisa nokuvuselela i-cyanide. Ubuchwepheshe obufana nokushintshana kwama-ion, ukuwina ngogesi, kanye nokuhlunga i-membrane bungasetshenziswa ukubuyisa nokuphinda kusetshenziswe i-cyanide kusuka emisipheni ephumayo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

1. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi

Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele kwabasebenzi bezimayini nabalungisayo mayelana nezinqubo ze-cyanidation, ukusebenza kwemishini, kanye nokunakekelwa. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kahle banamathuba amaningi okuthi bahlonze futhi balungise izinkinga ngokushesha, baqinisekise ukuthi inqubo yokufundisa isebenza kahle nangempumelelo.

2. Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha kanye Nokumodela

Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya idatha bese ucubungula amasu okumodela ukuze uhlaziye idatha yomlando neyesikhathi sangempela. Ngokuhlonza amathrendi nokuhlobana, opharetha bangabikezela izinkinga ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivimbela.

3. Ukucwaningwa Kwamabhuku Okuvamile Nokuhlolwa

Yenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwenqubo ye-cyanidation. Lokhu kucwaningwa kwamabhuku kungasiza ekuhlonzeni izindawo okufanele kuthuthukiswe kuzo, kuqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yezemvelo nezokuphepha, futhi kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle okuphelele komsebenzi wokucwiliswa kwegolide.

Ekuphetheni, ukubhekana nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-sodium cyanide ekukhishweni kwemigodi yegolide kudinga indlela enezici eziningi ehlanganisa ukuqonda izimbangela eziyinhloko, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuthola ezisebenzayo, ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezifanele, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ngokwenza kanjalo, izinkampani zezimayini azigcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ukuzinza kwemvelo kwemisebenzi yazo yokukhipha igolide.