Inqubo Eyinhloko Ye-Agitation Cyanidation Leaching Ezimayini Zegolide

Isingeniso

I-Cyanidation leaching, esetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni izimboni kusukela ngo-1887. iyiminerali Leaching Process esebenzisa I-Cyanide izixazululo njengama-ejenti okukhipha amanzi ukuze kukhishwe igolide nesiliva ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamaminerali aqukethe igolide. I-Agitation cyanidation leaching ingenye yezindlela ezibalulekile ekulethweni kwe-cyanidation, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimayini zegolide.

Isimiso Sokuguquguquka Kwe-Cyanidation Leaching

I-Cyanide, njenge I-Sodium Cyanide (I-NaCN), iyi-reagent eyinhloko enqubweni ye-cyanidation. I-sodium cyanide iyikristalu engenambala futhi esobala, evame ukuba mpunga ngokuphuzi ngenxa yokungcola. Incibilika kakhulu emanzini, futhi i-solubility emanzini engaphezu kuka-20%. Lapho i-pH yesisombululo sayo esinamanzi senziwe i-asidi ibe i-pH = 7. I-cyanide icishe ibole ibe igesi eguquguqukayo ye-hydrogen cyanide, okuyigesi engenambala neyingozi kakhulu. Esixazululweni, i-hydrogen cyanide iyi-asidi ebuthakathaka, enzima ukuyifaka i-ionize, futhi ayinawo umthelela we-leaching kugolide nesiliva. Uma inani le-pH liyi-12. i-cyanide esesixazululweni icishe ihlukane ngokuphelele ibe ama-ion e-cyanide. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-cyanidation kufanele kwenziwe endaweni ene-alkaline.

Ngokuvamile, lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, i-cyanidation leaching yegolide iyinqubo yokugqwala kwe-electrochemical. I-Cyanide iphendula negolide endaweni ene-alkaline ngokubamba iqhaza komoyampilo, yenze izingxube zegolide ze-cyanide ezincibilika emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele ukuncibilika kwegolide etsheni.

Inqubo Ye-Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

1. Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Ezivuzayo

• Ukuchoboza: I-ore yegolide embiwe iqala ifakwe kusigaywa ukuze igaywe. Inqubo yokuchoboza ihlukaniswe yaba ukuchotshozwa okuqinile, ukuchotshozwa okuphakathi, nokuchotshozwa kahle. Ama-crusher emihlathi kanye nama-cone crushers avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchotshozwa okumahhadlahhadla nokuphakathi, ikakhulukazi ukuphula izingcezu ezinkulu ze-ore zibe izinhlayiya ezincane, ngokuvamile ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana olawulwa ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Ama-crushers wesando asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuchotshozwa kahle.

• Ukugaya: Insimbi echotshoziwe ingena emshinini wokugaywa ukuze iqhubeke igaywe ibe usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanele. Ngokujwayelekile, kudingeka ukuthi usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-ore ufinyelele -200 mesh accounting for 60% - 90%, ukuze amaminerali egolide ahlukaniswe ngokugcwele. Ngokuvamile, izigayo zamabhola ohlobo lwe-lattice zisetshenziselwa ukugaya amaholo, futhi izigayo zebhola ezichichimayo zisetshenziselwa ukugaya kahle.

• Ukulungiselela Udaka: I-pulp ye-ground ore ingena ethangini elinyakazayo. Inani elifanele lamanzi liyengezwa ukulungisa ukugxilwa kwe-ore pulp, ngokuvamile elawulwa ku-30% - 50%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izilungisi ezifana ne-lime ziyengezwa ukuze kulungiswe inani le-pH le-ore pulp liye ku-10 - 11. ukudala indawo ye-alkaline evumela ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanidation futhi ivimbele ukuchithwa kokunye ukungcola.

2. I-Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

• Ukwengezwa kwe-Leaching Reagent: Cyanide agents ezifana i-sodium cyanide (I-NaCN) noma i-potassium cyanide (KCN) yengezwa ku-pulp ore elungisiwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinyakazayo ezigcwele, i-cyanide ihlangana namakhemikhali negolide ukuze yakhe izingxube zegolide ze-cyanide ezincibilika emanzini.

• Leaching Izinsiza: Inqubo ye-leaching ivamise ukwenziwa ngamathangi okuyaluza axhumene nochungechunge. Amathangi okuyaluza angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezintathu ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuxutshwa: amathangi okuyaluza komoya acindezelwe, amathangi anyakazayo ayimishini, noma amathangi anyakazayo axubile.

• I-Leaching Conditions: Ukuhlushwa kwe I-sodium cyanide ku-pulp yensimbi ngokuvamile i-0.02% - 0.1%. I-lime yengezwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukwenza i-ore pulp pH = 9 - 12. Umoya ugcwaliswa ukuze kugcinwe isilinganiso esihle kakhulu phakathi kokugxiliswa komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe kanye nokugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide ku-pulp ye-ore. Isikhathi sokucwilisa ngokuvamile singamahora angama-24 - 48 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igolide selincibilike ngokuphelele.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa Okuqinile Nokugeza

• Ukuhlukaniswa Okuqinile-Okuketshezi: Ngemva kokucwiliswa, i-ore pulp ibhekana nokuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinjengokuqina nezihlungi ukuze kutholwe isixazululo esikhulelwe esinegolide kanye nezinsalela zokuvuza. Ama-thickeners asebenzisa isimiso se-gravitational sedimentation ukuze enze izinhlayiya eziqinile ku-pulp ye-ore zihlale phansi, futhi i-supernatant iyikhambi elikhulelwe elinegolide. Izihlungi ziqhubeka nokuhlunga ukugeleza okungaphansi kwe-thickener ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile.

• Ukugeza: Ukuze kutholwe ukuhlukana okwanele phakathi kwe-cyanide leachate kanye nensalela ye-leach, inqubo yokugeza yezigaba ezi-3 - 5 zokujiya, ukuhlunga, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ivame ukusetshenziswa. Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko we-cyanidation leaching. Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu i-continuous countercurrent decantation method (indlela ye-CCD). Ama-thickeners asetshenziswa kule ndlela angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo zongqimba olulodwa kanye nezinhlobo eziningi. Izikhonzi eziningi ze-cyanidation e-China zisebenzisa u-2 - 3 - izingqimba zokujiya ukuze zihlukanise uketshezi oluqinile kanye nokugeza okuqhubekayo okuphambene.

4. Ukubuyiswa Kwegolide

• I-Zinc Powder Displacement Indlela: I-Zinc powder yengezwa kwisixazululo esikhulelwe esinegolide. I-Zinc ihlangana nengxube yegolide ye-cyanide ekuphenduleni kokugudluka, yehlisa igolide libe yigolide lensimbi bese liyana. Ngemva kokuhluzwa, kutholakala udaka lwegolide, futhi udaka lwegolide luncibilikiswa ngezinqubo ezinjengokuncibilika ukuze kutholakale igolide elingahluziwe.

• Indlela Ye-Carbon Adsorption Esebenzayo: Ikhabhoni ecushiwe yengezwa kusixazululo esikhulelwe esinegolide, futhi inxanxathela yegolide ye-cyanide ikhangiswa ikhabhoni ecushiwe. Bese, igolide litholwa kukhabhoni ecushiwe ngezinqubo ezifana ne-desorption kanye ne-electrowinning. Le ndlela ingahlukaniswa futhi ibe indlela ye-carbon-in-pulp (CIP) kanye ne-carbon-in-leach method (CIL).

• Inqubo ye-CIP: Okokuqala, i-cyanidation leaching iyenziwa, bese kuthi ikhabhoni ecushiwe yengezwe ku-ore pulp ukuze kukhangiswe igolide. Enqubweni ye-CIP, i-leaching kanye ne-adsorption yimisebenzi emibili ezimele. Ekusebenzeni kwe-adsorption, inqubo yokucwilisa isiqediwe ngokuyisisekelo, futhi ubukhulu, ubuningi, nezimo zokusebenza zamathangi e-adsorption kunqunywa imingcele ye-adsorption.

• Inqubo ye-CIL: Ikhabhoni ecushiwe yengezwa kuthangi le-leaching, futhi i-leaching kanye ne-adsorption yenziwa kanyekanye, okungukuthi, i-leaching kanye ne-adsorption zenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo. Enqubweni ye-CIL, imisebenzi ye-leaching kanye ne-adsorption yenziwa kanyekanye. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwe-leaching kudinga isikhathi eside kunokusebenza kwe-adsorption. Ngakho-ke, usayizi, umoya, kanye nomthamo wethangi kunqunywa ngamapharamitha wokuvuza. Njengoba izinga le-adsorption liwumsebenzi wokugxila kwegolide elincibilikisiwe kusixazululo, ukuze kwandiswe ukugcwala kwegolide elincibilikisiwe ngaphambili - ingxenye yamathangi e-adsorption futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwandise isikhathi sokucwiliswa, izigaba ezi-1 - 2 zokuvuza zivame ukungezwa ngaphambi kokucwiliswa kanye nokukhangisa.

5. Ukwelashwa Kwama-Tailings

Imigqa ngemuva Ukubuyisela Igolide ngokuvamile iqukethe amanani athile ensalela ye-cyanide nokunye ukungcola. Ngezidingo zokuvikela imvelo, izinsalela zidinga ukuphathwa kahle. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezivamile zihlanganisa izindlela zokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali (njenge-sulphur dioxide - air method), ukubola kwemvelo, noma izindlela zokuwohloka kwemvelo ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcwala kwe-cyanide eyinsalela ibe ngaphansi kwezinga likazwelonke futhi kuvinjwe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Izinsalela ezilashiwe zingalahlwa ngokupakisha noma ezinye izindlela ezifanele.

Isiphetho

I-Agitation cyanidation leaching iyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwegolide ezitsheni zegolide. Ngochungechunge lwezinqubo ezifana nokulungiswa kwempahla eluhlaza, ukuvuza, ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile, ukubuyiswa kwegolide, nokwelashwa kwezinsalela, igolide lingakhishwa ngempumelelo ezitsheni zegolide. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide, ohlelweni lokusebenzisa I-Agitation Cyanidation Leaching, kufanele kuqashelwe ngokuqinile ekukhiqizweni kokuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe intuthuko esimeme yemboni yezimayini zegolide.