Ukusetshenziswa kwe-All-Slime Cyanidation Carbon-in-Pulp Gold Extraction Process eChina

Isingeniso

Emkhakheni wokumbiwa kwegolide nokukhishwa kwegolide, i-cyanidation ye-slime yonke I-CarbonInqubo ye--in-pulp (CIP) ivele njengendlela ebalulekile. Le nqubo isebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni amatshe egolide anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobumba kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane. E-China, ngemithombo yayo yegolide ecebile kanye nesidingo esikhulayo segolide, inqubo ye-CIP ye-cyanidation egcwele i-slime isetshenziswe kabanzi, idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yezimayini zegolide zasekhaya.

Izimiso ze-All-Slime Cyanidation Carbon-in-Pulp Process

Inqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation iyinhlanganisela yezinyathelo ezimbili ezibalulekile: Ukukhishwa kwe-Cyanidation kanye ne-carbon-in-pulp adsorption.

I-Cyanidation Leaching

I-Cyanidation leaching iwumgogodla wenqubo. Insimbi yegolide, ngemva kokuchotshozwa, ukugaywa, nokugaywa, ihlanganiswa ne-a i-cyanide isisombululo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ze-pH, izinga lokushisa, nokutholakala komoya-mpilo, igolide etsheni lihlangana nama-ion e-cyanide ukuze akhe izingxube zegolide ze-cyanide ezincibilikayo. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungavezwa kalula kanje:

Lokhu kusabela kuvumela igolide ukuba lincibilike lisuka ku-matrix ye-ore libe yisixazululo, liyihlukanise namaminerali e-ganggue.

I-Carbon-in-Pulp Adsorption

Uma igolide selincibilikisiwe esixazululweni se-cyanide, liyi-granular Ikhabhoni Esebenzayo ingezwa ngqo ku-leaching pulp. I-activated carbon inamandla amakhulu okumunca ama-complex e-gold cyanide. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokumunca ezingokoqobo nezamakhemikhali, igolide limunca phezu kwe-activated carbon, lihlukanise ngempumelelo igolide nesisombululo se-cyanide. Lesi sinyathelo siqeda isidingo sezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile ezindleleni zendabuko ze-cyanidation, okwenza kube lula inqubo yokukhipha iyonke.

Umlando Wokuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo ye-All-Slime Cyanidation CIP e-China

Uhambo lwaseShayina ngenqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation luhlehlela emuva emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule.

Izigaba Zokuqala

Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, imboni yezimayini zegolide yaseShayina yayithembele kakhulu kwendabuko Ukukhishwa kwegolide izindlela, ezazinemikhawulo ekusingatheni insimbi eyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba isidingo segolide sakhula futhi kwatholakala nezimbiwa zegolide eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaba nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokumba. Inqubo ye-CIP ye-all-slime cyanidation yethulwa kancane kancane futhi yafundwa. Ngeminyaka yawo-1970 kanye nawo-1980, ucwaningo lokuqala kanye nokuhlolwa kwesikali kwenziwa kwezinye izimayini zegolide. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izimayini eSifundazweni sase-Heilongjiang, kwenziwa imizamo yokusebenzisa le nqubo ukuze kuphathwe amatshe egolide asendaweni, okwabeka isisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwawo kwezinga elikhulu esikhathini esizayo.

Ukwandiswa kanye Nokuvuthwa

Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, ngokuqanjwa kabusha okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono, inqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation yaqala ukukhuthazwa kabanzi futhi isetshenziswe ezweni lonke. Ngeminyaka yawo-1990 kanye nawo-2000, izimayini eziningi zegolide e-Henan, eShandong, e-Jilin, nakwezinye izifundazwe zakha imigqa yokukhiqiza ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation. Lezi zimayini zithuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo izinhlaka zenqubo, zathuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini, kanye namaqembu ochwepheshe aqeqeshiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokubuyiselwa kwegolide lakhula kancane kancane, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza zalawulwa ngokuphumelelayo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, inqubo ye-CIP ye-cyanidation ye-slime yonke isibe enye yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhipha igolide e-China, okubalela ingxenye enkulu yokukhiqizwa kwegolide kwezwe.

Izicelo Zenqubo Ye-All-Slime Cyanidation CIP Ezimayini Zegolide Ezihlukene e-China

Isifundazwe sase Shandong

IShandong iyisifundazwe esikhulu esikhiqiza igolide eChina. Izimayini eziningi ezinkulu zegolide lapha sezamukele inqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation. Isibonelo, i-Jiaojia Gold Mine. Insimbi eseMayini Yegolide i-Jiaojia inezici ezithile zosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane kanye nobumba oluphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngemva kokwamukela inqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation yonke, izinga lokutholwa kwegolide selithuthuke kakhulu. Ngokulawula okuqinile kokucoleka kokugaya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinhlayiya zegolide zivezwe ngokugcwele, ukulungisa ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide nesikhathi sokucwiliswa ngokwezakhiwo zensimbi, nokuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhangiswa kwekhabhoni, izinga lokutholwa kwegolide leMayini Yegolide ye-Jiaojia selifinyelele ngaphezu kuka-90%. Lokhu akukhulisanga nje kuphela izinzuzo zezomnotho zemayini kodwa kuphinde kwathuthukisa izinga lokusebenzisa izinsiza.

Isifundazwe saseHenan

E-Henan, indawo yaseLingbao inothile ngegolide. Imayini Yegolide Yangzhaiyu e-Lingbao iyisibonelo esivamile sokusebenzisa inqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation. Imayini inolayini wokukhiqiza we-CIP omkhulu we- all-slime cyanidation. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, ngaphezu kokulandela izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zenqubo, iphinde yengeza ngobuchule ezinye izinqubo zokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwensimbi. Isibonelo, ngokwelashwa kwe-pre-oxidation kwamanye ama-refractory ore, ubunzima be-cyanidation leaching bancishiswa, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphelele kwenqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation yonke kwathuthukiswa. Impumelelo yeMayini Yegolide yaseYangzhaiyu iphinde yagqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kwezinye izimayini zegolide esifundeni.

Isifunda saseJilin

Imayini yegolide i-Hushan esiFundazweni sase-Jilin nayo isebenzisa ngokugcwele inqubo ye-CIP ye-cyanidation ye-slime yonke. Uma kubhekwa isimo sezulu esibandayo sendawo kanye nezici ezithile zensimbi, imayini yenze izinguquko ezithile kule nqubo. Isibonelo, ebusika, izinyathelo ezikhethekile zithathwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwenqubo ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa, njengokushisisa i-slurry kanye nokwenza kahle uhlelo lokungenisa umoya ethangini le-leaching. Ngokwenza kanjalo, imayini igcine ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokutholwa kwegolide, okubonisa ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka kwenqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke ye-cyanidation ezimweni ezehlukene zendawo nesimo sezulu.

Izinzuzo ze-All-Slime Cyanidation CIP Process e-China

Izinga eliphezulu Lokubuyisela Igolide

Inqubo ye-CIP ye-cyanidation ye-slime yonke ingafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokutholwa kwegolide, ngokuvamile ifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-85% ezimayini eziningi zegolide e-China. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwengezwa okuqondile kwekhabhoni ecushiwe ku-pulp kungathatha ngempumelelo izakhiwo zegolide ze-cyanide, kunciphise ukulahleka kwegolide kusixazululo se-leaching. Isibonelo, ezimayini zegolide okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, ngokuqhubeka nokwenza kahle kwenqubo, izinga lokuthola kabusha selithuthuke kakhulu, eliphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zendabuko zokumba igolide.

Ukugeleza Kwenqubo Okulula

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokukhipha igolide, inqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation inokugeleza okulula. Ishiya izinyathelo ezithile eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile, njengokuhluza nokugeza ngezindlela zendabuko ze-cyanidation. Lokhu kubalula akunciphisi nje kuphela ukutshalwa kwezimali kumishini nengqalasizinda kodwa futhi kwenza kube lula ukusebenza nokuphathwa komugqa wokukhiqiza, okwenza kube lula ukulawula inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi kunciphise amathuba okuhluleka kwenqubo.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuma-Ores ahlukene

Le nqubo ibonisa ukuguquguquka okuhle ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zensimbi yegolide, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinobumba oluphezulu nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinhle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi insimbi yegolide eyenziwe nge-oxidized, i-sulfide ore yegolide, noma okunye okuyinkimbinkimbi kwegolide okuhlobene nensimbi eningi, inqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation ingalungiswa futhi ithuthukiswe ngokuya ngezakhiwo ze-ore ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono yokukhipha. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwenze iChina yakwazi ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo inhlobonhlobo yemithombo yegolide yegolide.

Izinselelo Nezixazululo Ekusetshenzisweni Kwenqubo Ye-All-Slime Cyanidation CIP e-China

Ukukhathazeka Ngezemvelo

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zenqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide, enobuthi obukhulu. Nakuba i-China inemithetho eqinile nezinyathelo zokuphatha zokusetshenziswa nokulahlwa kwe-cyanide, zisekhona izingozi ezingase zibe khona kwezemvelo. Ukuphendula, izimayini zegolide zaseShayina bezilokhu ziqinisa izindlela zokuvikela imvelo. Isibonelo, bakhe amasistimu okuhlanza amanzi angcolile e-cyanide athuthukisiwe ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile alahliwe kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke. Ezinye izimayini nazo zicwaninga ngenkuthalo futhi zisebenzisa amanye ama-ejenti okukhipha amanzi ukuze kuncishiswe noma kushintshwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide, njengokuthuthukiswa nokusetyenziswa kovivinyo kwe-thiosulfate kanye nezindlela ezithile ze-bio-leaching.

I-Ore Refractoriness

Amanye amatshe egolide eShayina ayaphikizela, okusho ukuthi igolide elikwi-ore linzima ukucwiliswa yi-cyanide. Lokhu kunganciphisa izinga lokutholwa kwegolide futhi kwenyuse izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba, izimayini zegolide zivame ukusebenzisa izindlela zokwelashwa kwangaphambili. Izindlela zokwelapha zangaphambi kwesikhathi zifaka ukugaya, ukugazinga, kanye ne-high-pressure oxidation. Izindlela zokwelapha zangaphambi kwamakhemikhali ezifana ne-bio-oxidation nazo ziyathuthukiswa kancane kancane. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa kwangaphambili zingaphula ukwakheka kwamaminerali aphikisayo, zidalule izinhlayiya zegolide, futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-cyanidation leaching.

Amathemba Ekusasa Enqubo Ye-Cyanidation Ye-All-Slime CIP e-China

Ukuqamba Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ngokuzayo, ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kuzoba ukhiye ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation e-China. Imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko izogxila ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokutholwa kwegolide, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, kanye nokuthuthukisa ubungane bemvelo. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe esebenza kahle kakhulu enamandla okukhangisa aphezulu kanye nokukhetha kwegolide kuzoba isiqondiso esibalulekile. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile enqubweni yokufeza ukulungiswa kwepharamitha yenqubo enembe kakhudlwana kanye nokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela sokukhiqiza nakho kuzobhekwa ngenkuthalo.

Ukunwetshwa kobubanzi bohlelo lokusebenza

Ngokutholakala okuqhubekayo kwamadiphozi egolide amasha kanye nesidingo esikhulayo segolide, inqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation kulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe ezimayini zegolide ezengeziwe e-China. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ingase inwetshelwe ekuphathweni kwamanye amatshe egolide asezingeni eliphansi kanye nemfucumfucu yezimboni enegolide, kuqhubeke nokwandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi kube negalelo ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemboni yezimayini zegolide.

Isiphetho

Inqubo ye-slime cyanidation carbon-in-pulp idlale indima ebalulekile embonini yezimayini zegolide yaseShayina. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono phakathi neminyaka edlule, kubonise izinzuzo ezibalulekile ekukhishweni kwegolide. Nakuba ibhekene nezinselelo ezithile, ngemizamo ehlanganyelwe yemboni ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, inqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokuthuthuka futhi ibe negalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizweni kwegolide laseShayina nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza esikhathini esizayo.