Ucwaningo nge-Heap Leaching ye-Low-Grade kanye ne-High-Clay Oxidized Gold Ore

1. Isingeniso

Emkhakheni wezimayini zegolide, ukuxhashazwa kwezinsimbi zegolide ezine-oxidized zezinga eliphansi kanye nobumba oluphezulu sebubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kwemithombo yegolide yezinga eliphezulu. Lezi zinhlobo zensimbi zibonakala ngegolide eliphansi kanye nezimbiwa eziningi zobumba, ezibeka izinselele ezinkulu ezindleleni zendabuko zokuhlomula. Ukucwiliswa kwenqwaba sekuvele njengendlela engabizi futhi esebenzayo yokwelapha ama-ore anjalo, okuvumela ukukhishwa kwegolide kumthamo omkhulu wezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi. Lesi sihloko sethula ucwaningo olunzulu mayelana ne ukukhishwa kwenqwaba yensimbi yegolide enezinga eliphansi kanye nobumba oluphezulu, okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokucwiliswa kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokuthola igolide.

2. Izici Zegolide Elingaphansi Nelinye Eliphezulu Lobumba Oxidized

Insimbi yegolide ene-oxidized yezinga eliphansi ngokuvamile inebanga legolide elingaphansi kuka-2 g/t, okwenza ukukhipha kwabo kwezomnotho kube nzima kakhulu. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kobumba kulawa ma-ores kungabangela izinkinga ezifana nokungangeni kahle kwamanzi, ukuhlanganisana, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwama-reagents ahlanzekile. Amaminerali obumba, njenge-kaolinite, i-montmorillonite, ne-illite, angakhanga ama-ion egolide futhi aphazamise inqubo yokucwilisa. Ukwengeza, ubungako bezinhlayiya ezinhle zamaminerali obumba bungaholela ekwakhekeni kongqimba oluminyene enqwabeni ye-ore, kunciphise ukuthintana phakathi kwesixazululo sokucwilisa kanye namaminerali anegolide.

3. Indlela Yokuhlola

3.1 Ukusampula kwe-Ore kanye Nokuhlelwa Kwezinhlamvu

Isampula elimele lensimbi yegolide eshibhile yezinga eliphansi kanye nobumba oluphezulu laqoqwa endaweni yezimayini. Isampula ye-ore yahlaziywa mayelana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, i-mineralogy, kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba. I-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) yasetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe ukwakheka kwezinto, kuyilapho i-X-ray diffraction (XRD) yasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlonzwe izigaba zamaminerali. Ukuhlaziywa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isihlungi sokuhluza ukuze kuqondwe usayizi wokusabalalisa izinhlayiya zensimbi.

3.2 Izivivinyo Zokuvuza Kwekholomu

Ukuhlolwa kokucwiliswa kwekholomu kwenziwa ukuze kulingise inqubo yokugezwa kwenqwaba. Isampula ye-ore yachotshozwa futhi yahlungwa ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezihlukene. Amakholomu anobubanzi obuyi-10 cm nobude obuyi-100 cm agcwaliswe ngamasampula ensimbi. Uchungechunge lokuhlola lwaklanyelwe ukuphenya imiphumela yemingcele ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-ore, umthamo we-calcium oxide (CaO), I-Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) ukugxilisa ingqondo kusixazululo se-leaching, kanye nesikhathi sokuvuza, ngenani legolide lokucwiliswa.

3.3 Ukuthuthukisa Imingcele Yenqubo

Amapharamitha wenqubo athuthukiswe ngochungechunge lokuhlolwa kwesici esisodwa. Usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-ore wawuhluka ukusuka ku--20 mm kuya ku-5 mm, futhi umthamo we-CaO walungiswa kusuka ku-1% kuya ku-5% wesisindo se-ore. Ukugxiliswa kwe-NaCN esixazululweni se-leaching kushintshiwe kusuka ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.2%, futhi isikhathi sokukhishwa sandiswa kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-10 kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-30. Izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide laliqashwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhlaziya okuqukethwe kwegolide ku-leachate kusetshenziswa i-atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).

I-4. Imiphumela nengxoxo

4.1 Umthelela Wosayizi Wezinhlayiya Zensimbi

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-ore kwalithuthukisa kakhulu izinga legolide lokucwiliswa. Lapho usayizi wezinhlayiya zensimbi wawungu -5 mm, izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide lafinyelela ku-85% ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-20 zokucwiliswa, kuyilapho usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingu--20 mm, izinga lokuvuza lalingama-60% kuphela. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane wandisa indawo engaphezulu ye-ore, okwenza kube lula ukuthintana phakathi kwesisombululo sokucwiliswa kanye namaminerali anegolide. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezinhle kakhulu bungaholela ezinkingeni ezinjengokungenwa kahle kwamanzi kanye nokwanda kokuphazanyiswa kwamaminerali obumba.

4.2 Umthelela we-CaO Dosage

Ukwengeza i-CaO enqwabeni ye-ore kungathuthukisa ukungena kwe-ore futhi kulungise inani le-pH lekhambi le-leaching. Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-CaO sitholwe singama-3% esisindo se-ore. Ngalesi silinganiso, izinga legolide le-leaching liye lakhuliswa. Umthamo we-CaO ophansi ubangele ukungalingani kwe-pH okwanele kanye nokungenwa kahle kwamanzi, kuyilapho umthamo ophezulu ungabangela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-leaching reagent kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona zemvelo.

4.3 Umthelela Wokugxila Kwe-NaCN

Ukugxila kwe-NaCN esixazululweni se-leaching kube nomthelela omkhulu kuzinga legolide le-leaching. Njengoba ukugxilwa kwe-NaCN kukhuphuke kusuka ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.15%, izinga legolide le-leaching likhuphuke lisuka ku-70% laya ku-90%. Kodwa-ke, ukukhulisa ukugxila kwe-NaCN kuya ku-0.2% akuzange kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kwezinga le-leaching futhi kukhuphule izindleko kanye nobungozi bemvelo obuhlobene i-cyanide sebenzisa.

4.4 Isikhathi Sokufunda

Izinga legolide le-leaching liyenyuka ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokukhishwa. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-25 zokucwiliswa kwegolide, izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide lafinyelela endaweni eyithafa, okubonisa ukuthi iningi legolide elikhishwayo lase lincibilikile. Ukwelula isikhathi sokuvuza ngale kwaleli phuzu akuzange kubangele ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwezinga le-leaching kodwa kwandise izindleko eziphelele zenqubo.

5. Isiphetho

Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-heap leaching iyindlela esebenzayo yokwelapha ama-ores egolide ane-oxidized esezingeni eliphansi kanye nobumba oluphezulu. Ngokulungiselela amapharamitha wenqubo, okuhlanganisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-ore, umthamo we-CaO, ukugxiliswa kwe-NaCN, nesikhathi sokuvuza, izinga eliphezulu lokuvuza legolide elingafika ku-90% lingafinyelelwa. Izimo ezifanele zanqunywa ngale ndlela elandelayo: usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-ore -5 mm, umthamo we-CaO ongu-3%, ukuhlushwa kwe-NaCN okungu-0.15% esixazululweni se-leaching, kanye nesikhathi sokucwilisa izinsuku ezingu-25. Lokhu okutholakele kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni zokucwiliswa kwenqwaba ekukhishweni kwegolide ezinsimbini zegolide ezigcotshwe ngodaka olusezingeni eliphansi, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemboni yezimayini zegolide.