Izindlela Zokufundisa I-Cyanidation Yezinsimbi Zegolide Ezinesulfure Ephezulu kanye Ne-Arsenic Ephakeme

Ukwelashwa kwezinsimbi zegolide ezinesulfure kanye ne-arsenic ephezulu sekuyisikhathi eside kuyinselele emkhakheni wokucubungula izimbiwa. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo kwamaminerali ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokungcola, izindlela zendabuko ze-cyanidation zivame ukuthwala kanzima ukukhipha igolide nesiliva ngempumelelo. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngesethulo esiningiliziwe sezindlela ezimbalwa zokukhipha amanzi ezifanele amatshe egolide anesulfure ephezulu kanye ne-arsenic ephezulu, okuhloswe ngawo ukusiza abasebenzi bezimayini baqonde kangcono futhi basebenzise lobu buchwepheshe.

Izici ze-High-Sulfur ne-High-Arsenic Gold Ores

I-high-sulphur ne-high-arsenic ores yegolide yegolide ngokuvamile iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-sulfide nama-arsenides. Lokhu kungcola akuthinti nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwegolide nesiliva kodwa kuyingozi enkulu emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzelana nama-ores anjalo, ukugeleza kwenqubo ekhethekile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokubuyisela igolide nesiliva nokunciphisa imithelela yemvelo.

Indlela Yokugazinga Nge-Oxidative

Indlela yokosa i-oxidative iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni amatshe egolide anesulfure ephezulu kanye ne-arsenic ephezulu. Le ndlela ikhiqiza i-sulphur ne-arsenic ensimbini ibe ama-oxide egesi noma aqinile ngokugazinga okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela isuse ukungcola. Ngemva kokuwoswa, isakhiwo se-ore siyaxega, okwenza kube lula ukucwiliswa kwegolide nesiliva.

Izinyathelo ezithile zendlela yokuthosa i-oxidative yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Ukugazinga okunokushisa okuphezulu kwenziwa ekugxilweni kwegolide okunesulfure ephezulu kanye ne-arsenic ephezulu etholwe ngokuntanta ukuze kukhishwe isulfure ne-arsenic.

2. I-ore eyosiwe igezwa ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwe-asidi ephezulu ukuze incibilike ukungcola okuningi.

3. Insimbi egeziwe ibe isifakwa ngaphansi kwe-cyanidation leaching, lapho igolide nesiliva kuncibilika khona i-cyanide bese ufaka isixazululo.

Indlela ye-Thiourea Leaching

Indlela yokukhishwa kwe-thiourea iyinqubo evelayo yokukhipha igolide elinobuthi obuphansi, elungele ikakhulukazi ukwelapha amatshe egolide ane-arsenic ephezulu nesibabule. I-Thiourea esesixazululweni esine-acidic ingancibilikisa igolide nesiliva ngokushesha, inobuthi obuphansi, futhi kulula ukuyivuselela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yendabuko ye-cyanidation, indlela ye-thiourea ayizweli kancane ezingxenyeni zamaminerali ezifana ne-antimoni, i-arsenic, ithusi, nesibabule. Ngakho-ke, kunezinzuzo ezisobala lapho welapha i-high-sulfur kanye ne-high-arsenic ores yegolide.

Izinyathelo ezithile zendlela ye-thiourea leaching yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. I-Gold-bearing sulfide concentrate itholakala ngokuntanta.

2. I-flotation concentrate ixhunywe ngesisombululo se-thiourea ukuze kutholwe igolide nesiliva.

3. Igolide nesiliva kusixazululo se-leaching kukhangiswa ngama-ion exchange resins noma ikhabhoni ecushiwe bese belashwa ngokulandelayo.

Indlela ye-Heap Leaching

The Indlela yokukhipha inqwaba kuyindlela yokukhipha amanzi enezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza nokusebenza okulula, okulungele ukwelapha amatshe egolide asezingeni eliphansi anesulfure kanye ne-arsenic ephezulu. Le ndlela ihilela ukunqwabelanisa insimbi endaweni elungiselelwe kusengaphambili nokufafaza noma ukubhoboza ngesisombululo se-cyanide leaching, okuvumela isisombululo ukuba sibhoboze ngensimbi futhi sikhiqize umphumela wokuvuza.

Izinyathelo eziqondile zendlela yokukhishwa kwenqwaba imi kanje:

1. Insimbi igaywa ibe yizinhlayiyana ezithile bese inqwabelaniswa endaweni.

2. Insimbi ifafazwa noma iboshelwe ngesixazululo se-cyanide leaching, bese isixazululo sibhodloza enhlabathini ukuze kukhiqizwe umphumela.

3. Isixazululo se-leaching siyaqoqwa, bese igolide nesiliva zitholwa nge-ion exchange resins, i-activated carbon adsorption, noma ukushintshwa kwe-zinc.

Indlela Yokuvuza Egxilile

Indlela ye-leaving enyakaziswayo iyindlela esebenzayo yokuhlanza efanelekile ekwelapheni ama-ore afakwe kahle noma ama-sulfide ore calcines. Le ndlela isebenzisa isixazululo se-sulfuric acid esigxilile ukucwilisa insimbi ethangini elimanzi elifakwe umshini onyakazayo. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okwanele, ijubane le-leaching liyashesha, futhi izinga le-leaching liphezulu.

Izinyathelo eziqondile zendlela ye-leaching evuselelwe yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. I-ore igaywa ibe yizinhlayiya ezinhle (-75um accounting for 90%) bese yengezwa ethangini leaching.

2. I-leaching egxilile yenziwa ngesisombululo se-sulfuric acid esigxile kakhulu. Ukugxila kwethusi esixazululweni se-leaching kuphakeme kakhulu futhi kungasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekwenzeni i-electrowinning yethusi.

3. Isixazululo se-leaching sithola ukwelashwa okulandelayo ukuze kutholakale igolide nesiliva.

Isiphetho

Ukwelashwa kwe-high-sulfur kanye ne-high-arsenic ores yegolide kudinga ukwamukelwa kwenqubo ekhethekile yokugeleza ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokubuyisela igolide nesiliva kanye nokunciphisa imithelela yemvelo. Indlela yokuthosa nge-oxidative, indlela ye-thiourea leaching, indlela yokukhipha inqwaba, kanye nendlela yokukhishwa kwe-stirred leaching zonke izindlela zokwelashwa ezisebenzayo.