Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Sodium Cyanide embonini ye-Metallurgical

Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN), inhlanganisela ye-inorganic, idlala indima ebalulekile ku- Imboni ye-Metallurgical. Naphezu kwemvelo yayo enobuthi obukhulu, izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali eziyingqayizivele ziyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni eziningana ze-metallurgical, ikakhulukazi ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Lesi sihloko sicubungula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ze I-sodium cyanide kwezensimbi, ihlola izindlela zayo zokusebenza, izinzuzo, nezinselelo ezihambisanayo.

Izici Zekhemikhali ze-Sodium Cyanide Ezihambisana Ne-Metallurgy

I-sodium cyanide iqinile emhlophe, encibilika emanzini. Esixazululweni esinamanzi, iyahlukana ibe ama-ion e-sodium (Na⁺) nama-ion cyanide (CN⁻). I-cyanide ion ibaluleke kakhulu ku-metallurgy. I-nucleophile eqinile, okusho ukuthi inokusondelana okuphezulu kwama-ion ensimbi ashajwe kahle. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela ama-ion e-cyanide ukuthi akhe izakhiwo ezizinzile ezinama-ion ensimbi, isici esisetshenziswa kabi ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi okuhlukahlukene.

Izicelo ku-Precious Metal Isizinda

Ukukhishwa Kwegolide

1. Inqubo ye-Cyanidation: Ukusetshenziswa okwaziwa kakhulu I-Sodium Cyanide kwezensimbi kusekukhishweni kwegolide ezinsimbini zalo. I Inqubo ye-cyanidation, ebizwa nangokuthi inqubo yeMacArthur - Forrest, yathuthukiswa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 futhi iseyindlela ehamba phambili Ukukhishwa kwegolide emhlabeni wonke. Kule nqubo, i-ore yegolide echotshoziwe ifakwa ngesisombululo se-dilute i-sodium cyanide, ngokuvamile kububanzi obungu-0.05 - 0.2%. Phakathi nale nqubo, igolide lensimbi lihlangana ne-oksijini ne-sodium cyanide esixukwini esinamanzi. Ukusabela kuphumela ekubeni igolide lakhe inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-sodium aurocyanide. Le nkimbinkimbi ingase ihlukaniswe ne-matrix ye-ore esele. Ngemuva kwesinyathelo se-leaching, igolide libuyiselwa esixazululweni. Enye indlela evamile iwukusebenzisa ikhabhoni ecushiwe, lapho inxanxathela yegolide - cyanide ikhabhoni ikhabhoni (inqubo ebizwa nge-carbon - in - pulp noma i-CIP). Ngokulandelayo, igolide likhishwa kukhabhoni futhi licwengisiswe ukuze kutholwe igolide elimsulwa.

2. Izinzuzo Ekukhishweni Kwegolide: I-sodium cyanide ikhethwa ekukhishweni kwegolide ngezizathu ezimbalwa. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuncibilikiseni igolide ngisho nakuma-ore asezingeni eliphansi, okuvamise ukuba yinto evamile ezimayini zesimanje. Inqubo ilula futhi iyabiza - isebenza kahle uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela. Ikhono layo lokwenza izakhiwo ezizinzile ngegolide livumela ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kwegolide kwamanye amaminerali akhona ku-ore.

3. Izinselele kanye Nokukhathazeka Kwemvelo: Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide akunazo izinselele. Ubuthi bayo obudlulele buyinkinga enkulu. Uma ingaphathwa kahle, i-sodium cyanide ingaba usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Uma kwenzeka kuchitheka noma kuvuza, i-cyanide ingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi, ibulale izilwane zasemanzini. Ukwengeza, ukulahlwa kwe-cyanide - equkethe itailings, esaqukethe amanani amancane e-cyanide nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi. Imithetho eqinile yezemvelo iye yabekwa emazweni amaningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa ngokuphephile nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide embonini yezimayini zegolide.

Ukukhishwa Kwesiliva

1. I-Cyanide efanayo - Izinqubo Ezisekelwe: I-sodium cyanide iphinde isetshenziswe ekukhishweni kwesiliva ematsheni ayo. Izimiso ziyefana nalezo ezikhishwa igolide. Insimbi yesiliva iphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium cyanide, futhi isiliva yakha inkimbinkimbi ye-cyanide encibilikayo. I-silver - cyanide complex ingabuye icutshungulwe ukuze kubuyiselwe isiliva elimsulwa. Izindlela zokuthola kabusha zingabandakanya imvula, i-electrolysis, noma i-adsorption kumidiya efanelekile, efana nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwegolide.

2. Iqhaza ku-Complex Ores: Ezimweni eziningi, isiliva litholakala ezintweni ezinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezinjengomthofu, i-zinc, negolide. I-sodium cyanide ingancibilikisa isiliva ngokukhetha, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kwezinye izingxenye. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni inani le-ore kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhishwa okuphumelelayo kwazo zonke izinsimbi ezibalulekile.

Izicelo ku-Metal Plating

1. I-Electroplating: Embonini ye-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ekufakweni kwezinsimbi ezifana nethusi, isiliva, i-cadmium, ne-zinc. Ekugezeni okusekelwe ku-cyanide electroplating, i-sodium cyanide yenza imisebenzi eminingi. Isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi, esiza ukulawula ukufakwa kwe-ion yensimbi ku-substrate. Isibonelo, ku-electroplating yethusi, ama-ion ethusi kwisisombululo enza ama-complexes ane-cyanide ions. Ama-ion ethusi ahlanganisiwe abe esencishiswa ku-cathode (into ezogqitshwa) ukuze enze idiphozi yethusi. Ukuba khona kwe-cyanide kubhavu wokucwenga kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokucwenga ngokunciphisa izinga lokufakwa kwensimbi, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni okufanayo nokunamathelayo.

2. Izinzuzo ku Plating: Amabhati e-Cyanide asekelwe e-electroplating anikeza izinzuzo eziningana. Bangakwazi ukunikeza amandla angcono okuphonsa, okusho ukuthi insimbi ifakwe ngokulinganayo ezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi - ezimise. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kungabuye kuthuthukise ukugqama nokushelela kongqimba olucwecwe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide, kunomkhuba okhulayo wokuthuthukisa izinqubo ze-non-cyanide electroplating. Kodwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukubekwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, njengasezimbonini zobucwebe neze-elekthronikhi, kusasetshenziswa i-cyanide - electroplating ene-sodium cyanide.

Izicelo Ekucwengisweni Kwezinsimbi Nokuhlanzwa

1. Ukususwa Kokungcola: I-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa ekucwengisweni kwezinsimbi ezithile ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola. Isibonelo, ekucwengisweni kwe-nickel, i-cyanide ingasetshenziswa ukuze ukhethe ngokukhetha ukungcola okufana nekhopha ne-zinc njengezingxube zazo ze-cyanide. Lezi zakhiwo zensimbi - i-cyanide zokungcola zingabe sezihlukaniswa nesisombululo se-nickel ngokuhlunga noma ezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa, okuholela kumkhiqizo we-nickel ohlanzekile.

2. Ukuhlanzwa Kwezinsimbi Eziyigugu: Ekuhlanzweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva ngemva kokukhipha, i-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izinyathelo zokucwenga. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa nokususa noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele okuyisisekelo okungazange kuhlukaniswe ngokuphelele phakathi nenqubo yokuqala yokukhipha. Lokhu kusiza ukuzuza izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanzeka kwezinsimbi eziyigugu, elibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kobucwebe, izinto zikagesi, nezinjongo zokutshala imali.

Imibono Yesikhathi Esizayo Nezinye Ezingezinye

1. Sesha i-Cyanide - Izindlela Ezihlukile Zamahhala: Ngenxa yobuthi nobungozi bemvelo obuhlobene ne-sodium cyanide, kunomzamo omkhulu wocwaningo wokuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela zokukhipha nokucutshungulwa kwensimbi. Embonini yezimayini zegolide, ngokwesibonelo, ama-cyanide ambalwa - ama-leaching agents amahhala ayaphenywa, njengama-thiosulfate, ama-halides, nezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo. Lezi zindlela ezihlukile zihlose ukuhlinzeka ngokusebenza ngempumelelo okufanayo noma okungcono kokukhipha ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihambisanayo zemvelo nokuphepha kwe-cyanide. Kodwa-ke, eziningi zalezi zinketho zisasesigabeni sokuthengisa sokuhlola noma sangaphambi kwesikhathi futhi zibhekana nezinselele ezifana nezindleko eziphezulu, ukukhetha okuphansi, noma izimfuneko zokucubungula eziyinkimbinkimbi.

2. Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe Nokuphathwa Kwemvelo: Okwamanje, imboni ye-metallurgical igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha nokuphathwa kwemvelo yokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezingcono zokuphatha nokugcina, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-cyanide - equkethe imfucuza, nokuqapha okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yemvelo.