Ukusetshenziswa kweSodium Cyanide embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane

Sodium i-cyanide, naphezu kwedumela layo elibi njengento enobuthi obuphezulu, idlala indima ebalulekile neyingqayizivele emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane. Amakhemikhali ayo ayenza ikwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni izinhlobo eziningi zezibulala-zinambuzane, ezibalulekile ekuvikeleni izitshalo nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla.

Izibulala-zinambuzane Zihlanganiswe ne-Sodium Cyanide

1.Kahle - Izinhlobonhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane ezaziwayo

• I-Glyphosate: Njengomunye wemithi yokubulala ukhula esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, I-Glyphosate iyasebenza ekulawuleni ukhula oluningi. I-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka ezinyathelweni ezithile zenqubo yayo yokuhlanganisa. Emzileni wokukhiqiza, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuthile kusebenzisa ukuphinda kusebenze kwe I-Sodium Cyanide ukwakha isakhiwo samangqamuzana e-glyphosate, esiza ekuphazamiseni ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokuvimbela i-enzyme endleleni ye-shikimate.

• I-Fenvalerate: Lesi isibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi futhi esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-fenvalerate kuvame ukubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwe i-sodium cyanide. Isibonelo, kwenye yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanganisa, I-sodium cyanide isabela nezinhlanganisela ezithile zemvelo. Ibamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlanganisela ezibalulekile eziphakathi nendawo, njengokusabela nge-α - isopropyl - p - chlorophenyl acetyl chloride kanye ne-3 - phenoxybenzaldehyde. Ngochungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali, isici se-cyanide - esiqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo angeniswa esakhiweni samangqamuzana e-fenvalerate, esinikeza izakhiwo ezinamandla zokubulala izinambuzane. Inomphumela osheshayo namandla aqinile wokuwisa, ikakhulukazi ngokuthintana, futhi ingakwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ukotini, ugwayi, ubhontshisi wesoya, ummbila, izithelo, nemifino.

• paraquat: Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kukhawulelwe ezifundeni eziningi ngenxa yezingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo nempilo, i-paraquat yake yaba isibulala-zinambuzane esingakhethi esisetshenziswa kabanzi. I-sodium cyanide nayo ibiyinto eluhlaza ebalulekile enqubweni yayo yokuhlanganisa. Ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ukukhiqiza i-paraquat, ikhono le-sodium cyanide lokubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-nitrogen - equkethe izakhiwo ze-heterocyclic, ebalulekile ekwakheni i-molecule ye-paraquat nomsebenzi wayo oyingqayizivele wokuqeda ukhula.

2.Entsha - isizukulwane Esiphezulu - ukusebenza kahle kanye Nobuthi obuphansi Izibulala-zinambuzane

• Cyantraniliprole: Lesi isibulala-zinambuzane sesizukulwane esisha esisebenza kahle kakhulu. I-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka ekuhlanganiseni kwezinyathelo eziningi ze-cyantraniliprole. Ibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni okwakha isakhiwo se-amide esiyinhloko kanye ne-nitrile - equkethe amaqembu asebenzayo ku-molecule. Lawa maqembu asebenzayo abalulekile endleleni yokusebenza yesibulala-zinambuzane, eqondise ama-receptors athile ezinambuzaneni, aphazamisa ukusebenza kwawo komzimba futhi ekugcineni aholele ekufeni kwezinambuzane. I-cyantraniliprole inomsebenzi ophezulu wokubulala izinambuzane ngokumelene nezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane kuyilapho inobuthi obuncane ezilwaneni ezincelisayo kanye nemvelo.

• I-Penoxsulam: Njengomuthi wokubulala ukhula osebenza kahle kakhulu, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-penoxsulam nakho kusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide. Emzileni wokwenziwa, i-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni okwakha uhlaka lwamangqamuzana oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-penoxsulam. Ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ezifana nokwethulwa kwe-nitrogen - equkethe izingxenye ezihlukile kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-carbon key - ibhondi ye-nitrogen. I-Penoxsulam iyasebenza ekulawuleni ukhula oluningi olunotshani nolubanzi olunamaqabunga emasimini e-paddy nakwezinye izindawo zezolimo, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ngosizo lwe-sodium cyanide kube nomthelela ekulawulweni kokhula okuphumelelayo nokuhambisana nemvelo kwezolimo zanamuhla.

Ukubaluleka kwe-Sodium Cyanide Ekukhiqizeni Izibulala-zinambuzane

1.Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwezibulala-zinambuzane

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide I-Pesticide Synthesis ivumela ukwakhiwa kwama-molecule anezakhi zamakhemikhali ezithile. Lezi zakhiwo zenzelwe ukusebenzisana nezinambuzane ngendlela ehlosiwe. Isibonelo, i-cyanide - equkethe amaqembu asebenzayo kuzibulala-zinambuzane ezifana ne-fenvalerate ingathuthukisa ubudlelwano obubophezelayo bengxube kuma-receptors ezinzwa zezinambuzane. Lokhu kubopha okuqinile kuphazamisa ukudluliswa kwenzwa evamile ezinambuzaneni, okuholela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni ngokuphumelelayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izibulala-zinambuzane ezingezona i-cyanide.

2.Ukuhlangabezana Nezidingo Zokukhiqiza Kwezolimo

• Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke, isidingo semikhiqizo yezolimo ephezulu nesezingeni eliphezulu siyakhula. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlanganiswe ne-sodium cyanide zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokulawula ngempumelelo izinambuzane, lezi zibulala-zinambuzane zisiza abalimi ukuba bakhulise isivuno sezitshalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-glyphosate isiza ekususeni ukhula oluqhudelana nezitshalo ukuze luthole imisoco, amanzi nokukhanya kwelanga, ngaleyo ndlela yenze izitshalo zikhule kangcono futhi zikhiqize isivuno esiphezulu.

3.Ukuqinisekisa Ukuphepha Kokudla

• Ngokuvimbela ukulimala okuhlobene nezinambuzane ezitshalweni, izibulala-zinambuzane ezenziwe nge-sodium cyanide zineqhaza ekuphepheni kokudla. Izinambuzane zingathwala izifo futhi zingcolise izitshalo, futhi uma zingalawulwa, izitshalo ezithintekile zingase zingaphephile ukusetshenziswa. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezifana ne-cyantraniliprole zisiza ekugcineni izithelo nemifino kungenayo amagciwane athwalwa yizinambuzane, iqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ufinyelela kubathengi usesimweni esiphephile nesinempilo.

Ukucatshangelwa Kokuphepha Ekusetshenzisweni Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Ekukhiqizeni Izibulala-zinambuzane

1.Izinqubo Zokuphepha Eziqinile

• Ngenxa yobuthi obudlulele be-sodium cyanide, imboni yokukhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane isungule imithetho eqinile yokuphepha. Izisebenzi ezihilelekile ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-sodium cyanide kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, okuhlanganisa igesi - amasudi aqinile, ama-respirators, namagilavu. Izikhungo zokukhiqiza zifakwe izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana kwanoma yimuphi umhwamuko we-sodium cyanide okungenzeka uvuze.

2.Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo

• Imboni iphinde inake kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwemvelo. Amanzi angcolile nezinsalela zikadoti ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingase zibe ne-sodium cyanide noma ukusabela kwayo ngemikhiqizo - ziphathwa ngokucophelela. Izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile, ezifana ne-chemical oxidation kanye nokuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo, zisetshenziselwa ukudiliza kanye nokukhipha ubuthi lezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba zidedelwe endaweni ezungezile, kuncishiswe umthelela ongaba khona enhlabathini, emanzini, kanye nekhwalithi yomoya.

Sengiphetha, i-sodium cyanide, lapho isetshenziswa ngendlela elawulwa ngokuqinile nelawulwayo, ibe negalelo elikhulu embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane. Kwenze ukuba kuthuthukiswe futhi kukhiqizwe izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo zanamuhla, okusiza ukulinganisa izidingo zokulawula izinambuzane, ukuthuthukiswa kwesivuno, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu.