Ukuthuthukisa Amazinga Okubuyisela Igolide Ngokusebenzisa Okuhlanganisiwe Kwe-Sodium Cyanide ne-Potassium Bromide

Isingeniso

Embonini yezimayini nokumba igolide, ukukhulisa izinga lokutholwa kwegolide ezinsimbini ezinsimbi kubaluleke kakhulu. Enye indlela eye yabonisa isithembiso ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe I-sodium cyanide futhi I-Potassium bromide. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuzohlola ukuthi le nhlanganisela isebenza kanjani kanye nezinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona ekuthuthukisweni ukubuyiswa kwegolide.

Iqhaza Le-Sodium Cyanide Ekukhishweni Kwegolide

Sodium i-cyanide Sekuyisikhathi eside reagent ukhiye ku Ukukhishwa kwegolide inqubo. Indlela ye-cyanidation, ehlehlela emuva ku-1887 lapho iqala ukusetshenziselwa ukukhipha igolide nesiliva, isalokhu iyindlela evamile embonini yegolide yomhlaba wonke. Inqubo ilula ngokuqhathaniswa. Kumatshe egolide asezingeni eliphansi, insimbi igaywa kuqala ibe usayizi ofanele ukuze kwandiswe indawo engaphezulu, kube lula ukusabela ngesixazululo secyanide. Ngemuva kwalokho, isisombululo se-cyanide (imvamisa I-Sodium Cyanide kuncibilikiswe emanzini) kwethulwa. Lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, igolide ku-ore lihlangana nama-ion e-cyanide ukuze akhe izingxube zegolide ze-cyanide ezincibilikayo. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenziwe lula kuthi: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na(Au(CN)₂) + 4NaOH. Lokhu kuvumela igolide ukuthi lihlakazwe futhi lihlukaniswe ne-matrix ye-ore. I-sodium cyanide inokuhlobana okuphezulu kwegolide, okuyenza ikwazi ukuncibilikisa igolide elicwengekileyo, ngisho noma okuqukethwe kwegolide kuphansi. Lokhu kukhetha kubalulekile njengoba kuvumela ukumbiwa kwegolide ezinsimbini lapho amanye amaminerali engaba khona ngamanani amakhulu kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-ore, i-cyanidation nge i-sodium cyanide ingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okutholwa kwegolide, ngokuvamile asukela ku-50 - 80%, futhi kwezinye izimo, afinyelele kuma-90%.

Umsebenzi wePotassium Bromide

I-Potassium bromide nayo idlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhipha igolide. Ukukhishwa kwegolide okusekelwe ku-Bromide kuyinqubo ethembisayo esifundwe kabanzi. Ukusebenzisa i-bromide njengebambela noma isithuthukisi enqubweni yokukhipha igolide kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa. Ishibhile uma kuqhathaniswa, inezinga eliphezulu lokuvuza (elisukela ku-90 - 95% kwezinye izimo), isivinini sokuvuza ngokushesha, ayigqwali ezindaweni ezifanele, futhi ingase ingabi nobuthi emazingeni aphansi. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa namanye ama-reagents, ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwenqubo yokukhipha igolide.

I-Synergy ye-Sodium Cyanide ne-Potassium Bromide

Lapho kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide ne-potassium bromide ngokuhambisana, kungakha umphumela we-synergistic. Ama-ion e-bromide asuka ku-potassium bromide angasebenzisana negolide - i-cyanide complexes eyakhiwe yi-sodium cyanide. Lokhu kusebenzisana kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwezakhiwo ezizinzile noma ezincibilikayo, okungase kukhulise ukuncibilika kwegolide esixazululweni. Isibonelo, ama-ion e-bromide angase abambe iqhaza ekuphenduleni okushintsha ukwakheka kwegolide - i-cyanide complex, okwenza kube lula ukuthi igolide liqhutshekiswe futhi lihlukaniswe nesixazululo. Ukwengeza, ukuba khona kwe-bromide nakho kungathinta izakhiwo ezingaphezulu zezinhlayiya zegolide ku-ore. Kungase kusize ukudiliza noma yiziphi izimbotshana ezingaphezulu noma ukungcola ezinhlayiyeni zegolide, okuvumela ama-ion e-cyanide asuka ku-sodium cyanide ukuthi abe nokufinyelela okungcono endaweni yegolide, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze ukuncibilika kwegolide.

Izibonelo kanye nemiphumela

Izifundo eziningana kanye nezicelo ezingokoqobo zibonise ukusebenza kahle kwale nhlanganisela. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokuhlola, lapho ukwelapha insimbi yegolide ngesisombululo esihlanganisiwe se-sodium cyanide ne-potassium bromide, amanani okuthola igolide ayephezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kuphela. Isibonelo, ocwaningweni oluthile, izinga lokutholwa kwegolide lenyuke lisuka cishe ku-70% lapho kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide kuphela laya ngaphezu kwama-85% lapho i-potassium bromide yengezwa ohlelweni. Emisebenzini yezimayini yomhlaba yangempela, ezinye izimayini ezamukele ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwalawa ma-reagents amabili zibike ukuthi zithuthukisiwe 经济效益. Baye bakwazi ukukhipha igolide eliningi esilinganisweni esifanayo se-ore, okungagcini nje ukwandisa inani lensiza kodwa futhi kwandisa inzuzo yokusebenza kwezimayini.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kokubili i-sodium cyanide ne-potassium bromide kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela. I-sodium cyanide iyinto enobuthi obukhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo nokuthutha kungaphansi kwemithetho eqinile. Noma yiziphi izixazululo zemfucuza eziqukethe i-sodium cyanide kufanele ziphathwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ukwelashwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide, isibonelo, kungasetshenziswa ukwenza i-oxidize kanye nokwehlisa i-sodium cyanide oketshezini olubi, ukukhiqiza i-sodium bicarbonate negesi ye-ammonia. I-Potassium bromide, nakuba ngokuvamile ingenabuthi kangako kune-sodium cyanide, nayo idinga ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha emsebenzini. Uma zisebenzisa inhlanganisela yalezi ziphehlisi ezimbili, izinkampani zezimayini kumele zenze imithetho eqinile zokuphepha kanye nezinqubo zokulawulwa kwemvelo ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi.

Isiphetho

Ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-sodium cyanide ne-potassium bromide kunikeza indlela ethembisayo yokuthuthukisa amanani okuthola igolide. Ngokuqonda ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwalawa ma-reagents amabili kanye nemisebenzi yawo ngayinye enqubweni yokukhipha igolide, izinkampani zezimayini zingakwazi ukuthuthukisa izindlela zazo zokukhipha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukulinganisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nezinyathelo eziqinile zemvelo nezokuphepha. Njengoba isidingo segolide siqhubeka sikhula futhi nediphozithi yegolide yezinga eliphezulu iba yindlala, amasu amasha afana nale nhlanganisela azodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemboni yezimayini zegolide.