Ukutholwa Kwegolide Okuphumelelayo Ngokusebenzisa I-Sodium Cyanide: Uhlolojikelele Lwenqubo Ye-Carbon Slurry

I-Cyanide gold extraction isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimayini zegolide ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuqinile kwe-ores, ikhono lokukhiqiza igolide esizeni, namazinga aphezulu okubuyisela. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinkinga zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokugeza amanzi angcolile ngaphambi nangemuva kokugcinwa ukuze angabi namanzi, noma asebenzise amanzi angcolile.i-cyanide noma ama-leaching agents angenayo i-cyanide ukuvikela imvelo yesifunda. Lesi sihloko sethula ukusebenza kwe-cyanide kanye I-Carbonukukhishwa kwegolide okungaphakathi kwe-pulp (CIP), okuhlose ukuqonda izimiso zokukhishwa kwegolide ngenkathi kususwa ukungcola kanye nokuya ekuvubukuleni okungenabungozi emvelweni.

I-Cyanide Gold Extraction

Izici zokusebenza zifaka ukugxila kwe-cyanide nomoya-mpilo, izinga lokushisa, usayizi nokuma kwezinhlayiya zegolide ku-ore, ukuminyana kwe-pulp, okuqukethwe kwe-slurry, ifilimu engaphezulu ezinhlayiyeni zegolide, kanye nesikhathi sokuvuza.

Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide kuphansi, ukuncibilika komoyampilo kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide lincike ekugxilweni kwe-cyanide; lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide kuphezulu, izinga lokuncibilika legolide linqunywa kuphela ukugcwala komoyampilo, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-0.03% kuya ku-0.05%. Ama-oxidants athile, izinsiza-leaching, noma umjovo we-oxygen oqondile kuvame ukungezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-leaching. Esitshalweni esisodwa se-carbon-in-pulp, ukushintsha umoya ngegesi enomoya-mpilo (okungaphezu kuka-90%) ethangini le-leaching kwandisa izinga lokuvuza ngamaphesenti angu-0.89. Kwesinye isitshalo, ukungeza u-0.1 kg/ton ka-98% i-acetate yomthofu ethangini lokuqala lokucwilisa kuholele ekwehleni kwebanga legolide lemisila lisuka ku-0.218 g/ton laya ku-0.209 g/ton. Izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide kusixazululo se-cyanide liyakhuphuka ngezinga lokushisa, ngokuvamile eligcinwe phakathi kuka-10°C no-20°C; ngaphansi kuka-1.34°C, igolide liyacwebezela, yingakho izitshalo ezisenyakatho zivame ukusebenzisa ama-blowtorches ukuze zincibilikise amapayipi avaliwe ebusika. Ngaphezu kuka-34.7°C, igolide liba uketshezi, ngokuvamile likhipha igesi. Ukuzinzisa nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamakhemikhali, inani elifanele le-alkali liyengezwa ukukhuthaza ukusabela ku-hydrolysis; le alkali ibizwa ngokuthi i-alkali evikelayo.

Izinhlayiya zegolide ezinhle zinendawo enkulu esobala, okuzenza zincibilike kalula ku-cyanide. Ukwengeza, igolide elingenalutho, izinhlayiya zegolide eziyisiyingi ezincane, nezinhlayiya zegolide ezinezimbotshana zangaphakathi nakho kuncibilika kalula. Ukuminyana okuphansi kwe-pulp kubangela i-viscosity ephansi, okuvumela ama-ion e-cyanide nomoya-mpilo ukuthi kusakazeke ngokushesha ngaphezulu kwezinhlayiya zegolide, okuholela ekuncibilikeni ngokushesha kanye namazinga aphezulu okukhipha amanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlushwa okuphansi kungakhuphula umthamo we-pulp, ukukhulisa imishini kanye nezindleko ze-reagent. I-pulp density efanelekile ngokuvamile i-40% kuya ku-50%, kodwa ezimweni ezinodaka oluningi kanye nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kufanele ilawulwe ku-20% kuya ku-30%. Ukungcola kungakha amafilimu ahlukahlukene ebusweni bezinhlayiya zegolide, okuthinta ukukhishwa kwegolide. Amaminerali ahlobene asabela ne-oxygen, i-cyanide, ne-alkali, avimbele ukukhishwa kwegolide. Njengoba isikhathi sokuvuza sikhula, izinga lokuvuza liba ngcono lize lifinyelele emkhawulweni othile, ngemva kwalokho izinga liyehla ngenxa yokuncipha kwevolumu nosayizi wegolide, okwandisa ibanga phakathi kwe-cyanide, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, nezakhiwo zegolide, kuyilapho ukungcola kunqwabelana ukuze kwakhe amafilimu alimazayo. "Ukunamathela" kwe-agitator yethangi leaching kuvame ukuba ngenxa yokugxila okuphezulu, ukucoleka okuphansi, nokungagelezi komoya okwanele, kanye negebe lesakhiwo phakathi kwe-impeller ephansi kanye nephansi lethangi. Kwenye ishabhu ye-cyanide, ngemva kokuba ithangi libhajwe, kwadingeka kungenelele umuntu mathupha, kusetshenziswa izibhamu zamanzi ezinomfutho omkhulu, izibhamu zomoya, nezinsimbi ezinde ukuze kucishwe amapayipi avaliwe. Ekugcineni kwatholakala ukuthi igebe phakathi kwe-impeller ephansi kanye ne-tank bottom laliphindwe kane kunosayizi ovamile, futhi uma selilungisiwe, inkinga yaxazululwa.

I-Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Isizinda Segolide

Izici zokusebenza zifaka phakathi Ikhabhoni Esebenzayo ukumuncwa, ukumuncwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-electrolysis, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwekhabhoni.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ikhabhoni ecushiwe, kufanele "ilolwe futhi isuswe uthuli" ngokuyigaya ngaphambilini. Lapho uthenga ikhabhoni, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili umthamo we-adsorption namandla kuhle kakhulu, nokuminyana kokugcwalisa okungu-0.50 kg/L kuya ku-0.55 kg/L. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana kufanele ufane, ngokuvamile phakathi kwe-6 mesh kuya ku-12 mesh noma 6 mesh kuya ku-16 mesh, futhi okuqukethwe komlotha nokokusebenza okungaphansi akufanele kudlule u-3%. Esitshalweni esithile se-carbon pulp, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni eyimpuphu kubangele izinga legolide eliwuketshezi oluwuketshezi oludlula izinga elivamile izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-16, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwegolide, kudingeke ukuthi kushintshwe ngokuphelele ikhabhoni. Ukuminyana kwekhabhoni ethangini le-adsorption kuyanda ku-gradient; uma kucatshangelwa ukuguga, ukushintshwa kwekhabhoni njalo kunenzuzo ekutholeni igolide. Esitshalweni esisodwa se-carbon pulp, umjikelezo wokushintsha ikhabhoni washintshwa usuka njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 ukuya kuzo zonke ezinye izinsuku, okuholele ekwenyukeni komkhiqizo ngama-25%.

Ukulahleka kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi sokuchichima nakho kuzoholela ekulahlekeni kwegolide, okubangelwa ngokuyinhloko ukuvaleka kwesikrini sokuhlukanisa ikhabhoni. Kuyadingeka ukususa ngaphambilini udoti ngemva kwesihlukanisi nesishingishane. Isikrini sokuhlukaniswa kwekhabhoni kufanele sisebenzise isikrini esiyisilinda esivundlile, futhi izinkinga zingaxazululwa ngokunciphisa ukugxila kwe-slurry noma ukulungisa ukuminyana kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nokugeleza komoya kumgudu womoya oseceleni wesikrini sokuhlukanisa. Indaba ethinta kakhulu ukuvuza kwekhabhoni ethangini le-adsorption tailing; isikrini sokuphepha esinezikhala ezingama-40 ethangini lokuxuba i-tailings sidlala indima ebalulekile "yokugcina isango", futhi kufanele sihlolwe njalo futhi sinakekelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi asishintshile. Ukunciphisa ukugqoka kwekhabhoni, ukugqugquzela isivinini esiphansi kuvame ukusetshenziswa.

I-Desorption kanye ne-electrolysis yenziwa ngesisombululo se-1% sodium hydroxide kanye I-sodium cyanide ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-0.35 MPa kuya ku-0.39 MPa, ukufeza ukuchithwa emazingeni okushisa angu-135 ° C kuya ku-160 ° C, okungaphezu kwendawo yokubilisa yesisombululo. Ibanga legolide kukhabhoni ephelile lingaphansi kuka-50 g/t, futhi okwamanje, i-non-cyanide desorption kanye ne-electrolysis isetshenziswa kabanzi.

Ukuze kuvuselelwe ikhabhoni, isixazululo se-nitric acid esiyi-3% ukuya ku-5% sisetshenziselwa ukucwiliswa emanzini ihora elingu-0.5 kuya ku-1 (okufanayo kusebenza ngezansi), ngokunyakaziswa kwesikhashana okwenziwa ngesandla. Ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini, ikhabhoni ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ukuze kukhishwe isisombululo se-asidi, kulandelwa ukucwiliswa ku-1% yesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ukuze kungabi nalutho noma iyiphi i-asidi esele. Ekugcineni, ikhabhoni igezwa izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 umthamo wamanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nombhede wekhabhoni.

I-Cyanide Concentration, I-Alkalinity, Ne-Carbon Density

Ngemva kokulinganisa ukugxila kwe-slurry, yihlunge usebenzisa ifaneli ngephepha lokuhlunga. Thatha ivolumu ethile (ngamamililitha) ku-flask ye-conical, engeza amaconsi angu-3-5 we-methyl orange, futhi isisombululo sizobonisa umbala ophuzi okhanyayo. Titrate ngesisombululo esijwayelekile se-nitrate yesiliva kuze kuvele umbala opinki; umthamo we-nitrate yesiliva esetshenziswe ku-tube ye-acid titration ibonisa okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide, okuhambisana nokuhlushwa kwe-cyanide. Lokhu kungalungiswa ngokushintsha izinga lokugeleza kwe- I-Sodium Cyanide isisombululo. Kulesi sixazululo, engeza amaconsi angu-1-2 e-phenolphthalein, azophenduka apinki, futhi atrate ngesisombululo se-acetic acid kuze kube yilapho umbala obomvu unyamalala. Umehluko ezingeni le-meniscus ku-tube ye-acid titration ngaphambi nangemva kwe-titration ibonisa umthamo we-acetic acid esetshenzisiwe (ngamamililitha), ehambisana nokuqukethwe kwe-lime. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-oxalic acid isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-titration, ukulawula i-pH yodaka ukuthi ibe phakathi kuka-10 no-12. Okuqukethwe kwe-calcium oxide odaka cishe ku-0.01% kuya ku-0.02%. I-alkalinity ingabuye ilungiswe ngokushintsha inani le-lime elengeziwe. Isibonelo, ku-disc-type lime feeder, inani lingalawulwa ngokulungisa indawo ye-baffle.

Ibhodwe le-carbon cylindrical elingu-1 litre, elinesibambo esenziwe nge-rebar engu-δ8, linobude besibambo obungaba ngu-75% wokujula kwethangi. Ingaphezulu lesibambo lixhunywe esivalo sensimbi esivuleke kancane sebhodwe ngocingo lwensimbi olucolekileyo noma intambo yenayiloni. Ngokuqinisa noma ukukhulula ucingo noma intambo, i-carbon slurry ingangena ebhodweni. Ngemva kokukhipha ibhodwe ethangini, thela i-carbon slurry eqoqiwe esisefweni sesampula, uyihlambulule kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile, bese ukhipha noma imaphi amaconsi amanzi ngaphambi kokukala inani lekhabhoni, okunikeza ukuminyana kwekhabhoni kulesi silinganiso, kuvezwe ngamagremu ilitha. Amasampula athathwa ezingxenyeni ezingenhla, eziphakathi, neziphansi zethangi, futhi inani elimaphakathi lithathwa njenge-carbon density yethangi. Izinqubo zokukhipha ikhabhoni, umjovo, ukuthulula, nokugeza i-asidi konke kwenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa ijethi yamanzi acindezelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kokuminyana kwekhabhoni ethangini le-adsorption kungaphathwa ngekhabhoni ephakanyiswe komoya kanye nekhabhoni edla amandla adonsela phansi ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokutholwa.

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