Iqhaza Le-Sodium Cyanide kanye Ne-alkali Evikelayo Kunqubo Ye-Cyanidation Leaching

Isingeniso

I-Cyanidation leaching iyinqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimayini yokukhipha igolide nesiliva etsheni. Kule nqubo, I-sodium cyanide futhi I-alkali evikelayo dlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuqonda imisebenzi yabo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo ye-cyanidation, ukuthuthukisa amazinga okubuyisela insimbi, nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.

Indima yeSodium Cyanide

Ukuncibilikisa Igolide Nesiliva

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) isebenza njenge-ejenti yokuleaching eyinhloko enqubweni ye-cyanidation. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuncibilikisa igolide nesiliva ngaphakathi kwe-ore, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezakhiwo zensimbi ezincibilikayo ze-cyanide. Lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo namanzi, I-Sodium Cyanide isabela ngegolide nesiliva. Lokhu kusabela kuguqula izinsimbi zibe izinhlanganisela ezingancibilika kalula esixukwini esinamanzi, okuyisisekelo Inqubo ye-Cyanidation leaching.

Okuthinta Izinga Lokuvuza

Ukuhlushwa kwe i-sodium cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching sithinta kakhulu izinga legolide nesiliva leaching. Ngokuvamile, phakathi kwebanga elithile, ukwanda kokugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide kusheshisa izinga lokuvuza. Ama-ion amaningi e-cyanide asho ama-reactants amaningi atholakalayo ekuphenduleni kokuhlakazeka, ngaleyo ndlela akhuthaze ukwakheka kwezingxube zensimbi ze-cyanide. Kodwa-ke, ukugxila okuphezulu ngokweqile kwe-sodium cyanide kuholela ezindlekweni ezikhuphukayo kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo. Ukwengeza, i-cyanide eningi ingasabela nezinye izingxenye zensimbi, njengamanye ama-sulfide ensimbi. Lokhu kusabela kudla i-cyanide, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo ekuncibilikiseni igolide nesiliva.

Ukusabela Nezinye Izingxenye Ku-Ore

Insimbi iqukethe ukungcola okuhlukahlukene kanye nezingxenye ngaphandle kwegolide nesiliva, futhi i-sodium cyanide ingasebenzisana nalezi zinto, okuthinta inqubo ye-cyanidation. Isibonelo, amaminerali ethusi ku-ore asabela ne-sodium cyanide ukuze akhe izingxube ze-copper cyanide, adle i-cyanide kule nqubo. Ukusabela ngamaminerali ethusi ahlukene kuyahlukahluka ngenani kanye nemikhiqizo. Amanye amaminerali e-copper sulfide, njenge-chalcopyrite, asabela nge-cyanide lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, akhiqize i-cyanide yethusi nesibabule - equkethe imikhiqizo. Lokhu akunciphisi kuphela inani le-cyanide elitholakalayo ekuncibilikiseni igolide nesiliva kodwa kungase futhi kukhiqize izinto eziphazamisa izinqubo zokutholwa kwensimbi ezilandelayo.

Iqhaza Le-Alkali Evikelayo

Ukugcina Ukuzinza kweCyanide Solution

Omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile ye-alkali evikelayo ukugcina ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide. I-Cyanide ions exazululweni ijwayele ukwenza i-hydrolysis, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezine-acidic. Ngesikhathi se-hydrolysis, ama-ion e-cyanide angakha i-hydrogen cyanide, igesi enobuthi kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo. Lokhu akubangeli nje kuphela ukulahleka kwe-cyanide kodwa futhi kubangela usongo olukhulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Ama-alkali avikelayo, njenge-calcium hydroxide (i-lime), i-sodium hydroxide, noma i-potassium hydroxide, akhuphula inani le-pH lesixazululo. Ngokukhuphula i-pH, bashintsha ukulingana kwamakhemikhali ngendlela enciphisa i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide, iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo ye-cyanidation kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide ngenxa ye-hydrolysis.

Ukunciphisa Umthelela Wamaminerali Ayingozi

I-ore ingase ibe namaminerali alimaza inqubo ye-cyanidation, njenge-pyrrhotite. Lawa amaminerali asabela nge-cyanide nomoya-mpilo, adle lezi zinto ezibalulekile futhi aphazamise ukuchithwa kwegolide nesiliva. Uma i-alkali evikelayo yengezwa phakathi nenqubo yokugaya i-ore, ingakwazi ukwenza i-oxidize lawa maminerali ayingozi noma ibangele ukuthi yenze ama-precipitates, iwasuse ngokuphumelelayo. Isibonelo, lapho kukhona i-lime, i-pyrrhotite ingafakwa nge-oxidized, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-iron hydroxide precipitates kanye ne-sulfure - equkethe izinhlanganisela. Le nqubo inciphisa umthelela omubi wamaminerali ayingozi ku-cyanidation, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucwiliswa kwegolide nesiliva.

Ukulungisa Inani le-pH le-Pulp

Inani le-pH le-pulp phakathi nenqubo ye-cyanidation iyipharamitha ebalulekile, futhi i-alkali evikelayo isetshenziselwa ukuyilungisa ibe uhla olufanele. Ezinqubweni eziningi ze-cyanidation, i-pH ephakathi kuka-9 no-12 ngokuvamile ilungile. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu, isixazululo se-cyanide sihlala sizinzile, futhi ukuchithwa kwegolide nesiliva kuqhubeka kahle. Uma i-pH iphansi kakhulu, i-cyanide hydrolysis iba yinto ebalulekile, yehlisa izinga lokuvuza legolide nesiliva. Ngokuphambene, i-pH ephakeme kakhulu ingaba nomthelela omubi izici ezingaphezulu zezinhlayiya ze-ore kanye ne-reaction kinetics yokuncibilika kwegolide nesiliva. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-alkalis ezivikelayo zingakhethwa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezithile ze-ore. I-Lime ivame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi nokusebenza kahle ezimweni eziningi. Uma usebenzisa umcako njenge-alkali evikelayo, kuvame ukungezwa ngendlela yobisi lwe-lime ukuze kulawulwe kangcono inani lokwengeza kanye nenqubo yokusabela.

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Sodium Cyanide ne-Protective Alkali

Imisebenzi ye-sodium cyanide kanye ne-alkali evikelayo ixhumene kakhulu nenqubo ye-cyanidation leaching. I-alkali evikelayo iqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide, isenza sikwazi ukuncibilikisa ngempumelelo igolide nesiliva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuba khona kwe-sodium cyanide esixazululweni kuthonya ukusebenza kwe-alkali evikelayo. Imikhiqizo yokusabela ye-sodium cyanide nezinye izakhi ze-ore ingashintsha i-pH yesisombululo, futhi i-alkali evikelayo kufanele ihlale ilungisa i-pH ukuze kugcinwe izimo ezifanele ze-cyanidation. Isilinganiso esifanele se-sodium cyanide kanye ne-alkali evikelayo ibalulekile. I-alkali evikela ngokweqile ingaholela ku-alkalinity ephezulu kakhulu, ibe nomthelela omubi ekuphenduleni kwe-cyanidation. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-alkali yokuvikela enganele, iyehluleka ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kanye nokuncipha kokusebenza kahle kwe-leaching. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni kwangempela kwenqubo ye-cyanidation, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokucophelela imithamo ye-sodium cyanide kanye ne-alkali evikelayo ngokuya nezici ze-ore kanye nezidingo zenqubo ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono kakhulu ye-leaching.

Isiphetho

Enqubweni ye-cyanidation leaching, i-sodium cyanide kanye ne-alkali evikelayo kokubili yizingxenye ezibalulekile. I-sodium cyanide inesibopho sokuncibilikisa igolide nesiliva, kuyilapho i-alkali evikelayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuqina kwesisombululo se-cyanide, ukwehlisa umthelela wamaminerali ayingozi, kanye nokulungisa inani le-pH le-pulp. Ukusetshenziswa okufanele nokulinganisela kwalezi zinto ezimbili kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo ye-cyanidation, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokutholwa kwegolide nesiliva, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Abasebenzi bezimayini badinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela izici ze-ore futhi benze izivivinyo ezifanele ukuze banqume imithamo efanele nezimo zokusebenza ze-sodium cyanide kanye ne-alkali evikelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusimeme kwenqubo ye-cyanidation leaching.