Umthelela Wezimbiwa Ezihlangene Kunqubo Yokucwiliswa Kwe-Cyanide

Isingeniso

I-Cyanide leaching inqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhishweni kwegolide nesiliva ensimbi. Nokho, ukuba khona ezihlukahlukene Amaminerali Ahambisanayo ku-ore kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuphumeleleni kwale nqubo. Ukuqonda le mithelela kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-cyanide leaching imisebenzi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukutholwa kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile.

Amaminerali Ensimbi

I-Pyrite

I-pyrite iyi-iron evamile - i-sulfide mineral egolide - ama-ores ane-bearing. Ngesikhathi se-cyanide leaching, lapho i-pyrite itholakala ku-pulp, ingafakwa i-oxidized ukuze yakhe i-ferrous sulfate. Le sulfate ene-ferrous bese isabela ne-cyanide ukudala i-ferrocyanate. Lokhu kusabela kudla inani elikhulu I-Sodium Cyanide, okuyi-reagent eyinhloko yokucwiliswa kwegolide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenza komcako nomoya, i-pyrite ingabuye iguquke ibe yi-soluble sulfide, i-colloidal sulfure, noma i-thiosulfate. Le nqubo yokuguqula isebenzisa umoya-mpilo, obalulekile ekuhlakazweni kwegolide ohlelweni lwe-cyanide - leaching. Sekukonke, lokhu kunomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kahle kwegolide - leaching.

I-Pyrrhotite

I-Pyrrhotite enye i-iron - sulfide mineral ethinta i-cyanide leaching. Isabela kalula ne-cyanide ukuze ikhiqize i-thiocyanate. Ukwengeza, i-ferrous sulfate eyakhiwe kusukela ekuhlanganiseni kwayo iphinde ihlangane ne-cyanide yakhe i-ferrocyanate. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-pyrrhotite ingabangela ukwehla okukhulu kwegolide - izinga lokuchithwa, isibonelo, linciphise ngo-28.1% kwezinye izimo. Kuphinde kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide, okuvame ukuyiphindaphinda kane.

Amaminerali Ethusi

I-Chalcopyrite ne-Chalcocite

Amaminerali ethusi afana ne-chalcopyrite ne-chalcocite anomthelela ophawulekayo ekuphumeni kwe-cyanide. Isixazululo se-cyanide singancibilikisa amaminerali ethusi, kodwa izinga lokuchithwa liyahlukahluka. I-Chalcopyrite izinzile phakathi kwamaminerali e-copper sulfide, kuyilapho i-chalcocite isebenza kakhulu. Esixazululweni se-cyanide, ithusi kulawa maminerali, ngokuvamile esimweni se-divalent, alizinzile. I-Divalent yethusi i-oxidize i-cyanide, ishintshe ibe yi-monovalent yethusi bese yenza ama-complexes ane-cyanide ku-pulp. Ku-chalcocite, kungabangela ukwehla okukhulu kwegolide - izinga lokuchithwa, kuze kufike ku-36.81% kwezinye izivivinyo, kanye nokwenyuka okuphindwe kashumi kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

I-Malachite (I-Copper Oxide Mineral)

I-Malachite iyinsimbi evamile yethusi - i-oxide oxide. Incibilika kalula kusisombululo se-sodium - cyanide, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-malachite ne-cyanide kusebenzisa inani elikhulu lama-ion e-cyanide. Ngenxa yalokho, kokubili i-copper sulfide kanye namaminerali e-copper oxide angaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu kunqubo yokukhipha i-cyanide - igolide.

Amaminerali e-Arsenic

I-Realgar ne-Orpiment

I-Realgar ne-orpiment kuyingozi kakhulu ekushiseni kwe-cyanide. Ekhambi le-alkaline elinamandla elisetshenziselwa ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanide, bakha inhlanganisela efana ne-thioarsenite. I-Thioarsenite ingasabela nge-oksijini esixazululweni sokwenza i-arsenite, idle inani elikhulu le-oxygen ku-slurry yamaminerali. Futhi, lapho amaminerali e-arsenic efakwa i-oxidized esixazululo, ifilimu eyenziwe ngezinhlanganisela ze-arsenic yakha phezu kwezinhlayiya zegolide. Le filimu ivimba ngokuqondile igolide ukuthi lingathintani ne-cyanide, okuthinta kabi ukuchithwa kwegolide. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-realgar ne-orpiment inganciphisa izinga legolide - ukuchithwa ngo-41.95% no-49.90% ngokulandelanayo, futhi kukhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide izikhathi ezingu-13.8 nezikhathi ezingu-15.0.

I-Arsenopyrite

I-Arsenopyrite iyi-arsenic evamile - equkethe amaminerali. Ngokungafani ne-realgar ne-orpiment, i-arsenopyrite izinzile ohlelweni lwe-cyanide. Nakuba iqukethe i-arsenic, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ze-cyanide - leaching, ayibhidliki kalula futhi ngaleyo ndlela inomthelela omncane ekucwilisweni kwe-cyanide uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaminerali aqukethe i-arsenic.

Amaminerali okuhola

UGalena kanye no-Lead Alum

I-Galena kanye ne-lead alum yizona ezihamba phambili - eziqukethe amaminerali ezimayini zegolide. I-Galena ingafakwa i-oxidized ukuze ihole i-alum. Kusisombululo esiqinile - se-alkaline, i-alum yomthofu ingakhiqiza umthofu we-alkaline - usawoti we-asidi, ohlangana ne-cyanide esixazululweni sakhe okuqinile okungancibiliki - i-alkaline cyanide. Inani elincane lamaminerali omthofu lingasiza ngempela ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanide ezimayini zegolide. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu lamaminerali omthofu lizophazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwegolide - ukucwiliswa kwamanzi ngokudla i-cyanide futhi ngokunokwenzeka kwakhe izivunguvungu ezingaphazamisa inqubo yokucwiliswa.

I-Antimony - Iqukethe Amaminerali

Stibnite

I-Stibnite iyi-antimony eyinhloko - equkethe i-sulfide mineral. Enqubweni ye-cyanide - leaching, imiphumela yayo emibi ifana naleyo ye-orpiment. Incibilika kalula kusisombululo esiqinile - se-alkaline ukukhiqiza i-thioantimonite, ebuye ifakwe i-oxidized ibe i-antimonite. Ukwengeza, izinhlayiya ze-stibnite colloidal ezinecala elibi kusisombululo se-alkaline - cyanide zinganamathela phezu kwezinhlayiya zegolide, zivimbele igolide ukuthi lingancibiliki.

Ikhabhoni Izinto

Izimayini zegolide zingase zibe ne I-Carbon izinto, okuhlanganisa ikhabhoni engaphili kanye nekhabhoni ephilayo efana ne-humic acid. Uma lezi zinto zekhabhoni zikhona, zingamunca igolide elincibilikisiwe esixazululweni se-cyanide. Lokhu kunciphisa izinga lokuphuma kwegolide esixazululweni, into eyaziwa ngokuthi “ukuphanga igolide.” Izinto zekhabhoni zincintisana nenqubo yokukhipha igolide elincibilikisiwe, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokutholwa kwegolide.

Amasu Okunciphisa Umthelela Wezimbiwa Ezihlangene

Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambili Kwe-Ores

• Ukwelashwa Kwe-Oxidation: Ngama-ores ane-iron - sulfide, arsenic, noma amaminerali e-antimony, ukwelashwa kwe-oxidation kungasebenza kahle. I-oxidation iphula lawa maminerali, ikhulule igolide elivalekile futhi inciphise imiphumela eyingozi ekucwiliseni i-cyanide. I-oxidation evamile - Izindlela zokwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zihlanganisa ukugazinga, i-pressure oxidation, kanye ne-bio-oxidation.

• Ithusi - Pre-leaching: Endabeni yama-ores ane-copper ephezulu, i-pre-leaching yethusi ingenziwa. Ngokususa ithusi ngaphambi kokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide, inani le-cyanide elisetshenziswa amaminerali ethusi lingancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwegolide le-cyanide leaching.

Ukwenziwa ngcono kweCyanide - Izimo zokuLeaching

• Ukulungisa Imithamo yeReagent: Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni nenani lamaminerali ahlobene, inani le-cyanide namanye ama-reagents angalungiswa. Isibonelo, uma kunamaminerali ethusi amaningi, ukukhulisa umthamo we-cyanide kancane ngenkathi kulawula inani le-pH kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igolide lincibilika ngempumelelo.

• Ukulawula Izimo ze-Pulp: Ukulawula ukugxila kwe-pulp, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesivinini esishukumisayo nakho kubalulekile. Ukugxila kwe-pulp okulungile kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-cyanide nomoya-mpilo kungasakazeka ngokuphumelelayo ku-pulp. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele (ngokuvamile liyi-15 - 30 °C) kulinganisa isivinini igolide elincibilika ngaso kanye nokuzinza kwesixazululo se-cyanide.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithasiselo

• Izithasiselo Zokuvimbela Ukusabela Kwamaminerali: Izithasiselo ezifana nosawoti womthofu zingasetshenziswa ukuvimba amaminerali athile ayingozi ukuthi angasabeli. Isibonelo, ukwengeza i-acetate yomthofu kungasabela ngama-ion e-sulfide kusukela ekuqhekekeni kwesulfure - equkethe amaminerali, yakhe umthofu ongancibiliki - i-sulfide precipitates. Lokhu kunciphisa inani le-cyanide nomoya-mpilo odliwa yisulfure - amaminerali.

• Ama-Adsorbents Wokuncintisana: Uma kwenzeka ama-ore ane-carbon substances, kungezwa ama-adsorbents ancintisanayo njenge Ikhabhoni Esebenzayo ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-cyanide kunganciphisa umphumela "wokuphanga igolide". I-activated carbon incintisana ne-carbon e-ore ngegolide elincibilikisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa izinga lokukhipha igolide.

Isiphetho

Amaminerali ahlobene negolide nesiliva ore anemithelela ehlukahlukene futhi ebalulekile enqubweni ye-cyanide - leaching. I-ayoni, ithusi, i-arsenic, i-lead, i-antimony - equkethe amaminerali, nezinto ze-carbon konke kungathinta ukusebenza kahle kokucwilisa ngokudla izinto ezisiza ukuqinisa, ukuvimbela igolide ukuthi lingathintani ne-cyanide, noma ukumunca igolide elincibilikisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngezindlela ezifanele zokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukwenziwa ngcono kwezimo zokucwiliswa kwamanzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo, le mithelela engemihle ingancishiswa. Lokhu kusiza ukumbiwa kwegolide nesiliva ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhudlwana emigodini eyinkimbinkimbi - edalwe ngamaminerali, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwemisebenzi yezimayini.