Ubuchwepheshe Obusha Bokukhipha Igolide: I-Pressure Oxidation - Inqubo Ye-Cyanidation

1. Isingeniso

Igolide belilokhu linenani elikhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene, kusukela ekwenzeni ubucwebe kuya kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezezimali. Ukukhipha igolide ezinsimbini zalo ngendlela ephumelelayo nangokwezomnotho kuyisici esibalulekile embonini yezimayini zegolide. Owendabuko I-Cyanidation inqubo, esebenzisa i-cyanide njenge-ejenti ye-leaching yokuncibilikisa igolide ku-ore, iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yezinga layo eliphezulu le-leaching kanye nokukhetha okuhle. Nokho, ibuye ibe nokulinganiselwa, ikakhulukazi lapho isebenza nayo Izinsimbi zegolide eziphikisayo. Izinsimbi zegolide eziphikisayo yizo lapho igolide livame ukuhlotshaniswa namaminerali e-sulfide, futhi indlela yendabuko ye-cyanidation ayikwazi ukukhipha igolide kuwo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha, phakathi kwayo i-pressure oxidation - inqubo ye-cyanidation ivelele.

2. Isimiso Se-Pressure Oxidation - Inqubo Ye-Cyanidation

2.1 I-Pressure Oxidation

Isinyathelo sokuqala sale nqubo entsha i-pressure oxidation. Kuma-ore egolide aphikisayo, igolide livamise ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwamaminerali e-sulfide njenge-pyrite ne-arsenopyrite. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-cyanide ayikwazi ukufinyelela igolide ngempumelelo. I-oxidation yokucindezela yenziwa ku-autoclave emazingeni okushisa aphakeme (imvamisa i-120 - 220 ° C) kanye nezingcindezi (i-atmospheres eminingana). Kule ndawo yokushisa ephezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu, amaminerali e-sulfide afakwa oxidized. Le nqubo ye-oxidation idiliza amaminerali e-sulfide, ikhiphe igolide elivalekile futhi iyenze ifinyeleleke kalula ngesinyathelo esilandelayo se-cyanidation.

2.2 I-cyanidation

Ngemuva kwe-oxidation yokucindezela, i-ore slurry ingaphansi kwenqubo ye-cyanidation. Ama-cyanide ions asabela ngegolide lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo. Igolide lakha inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo ene-cyanide ions, engahlukaniswa nezingxenye zensimbi ezisele ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinjengokuhlukanisa okuqinile - okuwuketshezi.

3. Ukugeleza Kwenqubo

3.1 Ukulungiselela insimbi

Isigaba sokuqala siwukulungisa insimbi. Itshe legolide eliyi-refractory liqala ukuchotshozwa futhi ligaywe libe usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane. Lokhu kwandisa indawo engaphezulu ye-ore, enenzuzo kukho kokubili i-pressure oxidation kanye nezinqubo ze-cyanidation. Umgomo uwukufinyelela usayizi wezinhlayiyana ovumela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okusebenzayo ngenkathi kusalawuleka ezinyathelweni zokucubungula ezilandelayo.

3.2 I-Pressure Oxidation Stage

I-ore egaywe kahle ibe isifakwa ku-autoclave. Umoya-mpilo wethulwa ku-autoclave, futhi izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kulungiswa kumazinga afanele. Isikhathi sokuhlala ku-autoclave siyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi kodwa ngokuvamile amahora ambalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaminerali e-sulfide ku-ore afakwa oxidized. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo ye-oxidation yokucindezela isiqediwe, i-slurry ikhishwa ku-autoclave.

3.3 Isiteji seCyanidation

I-ore slurry ene-oxidized iyapholiswa bese idluliselwa ethangini le-cyanidation. Isixazululo se-cyanide, ngokuvamile I-Sodium Cyanide, yengezwe ethangini. I-slurry iyanyakaza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okuhle phakathi kwesisombululo se-cyanide nezinhlayiya ze-ore. Igolide elikwi-ore lihlangana nama-ion cyanide ukwenza inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo. Inqubo ye-cyanidation ngokuvamile ithatha amahora ambalwa ukuze ifinyelele phezulu Ukukhishwa kwegolide isilinganiso.

3.4 Ukutholwa Kwegolide

Ngemva kwenqubo yokususa i-cyanidation, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola igolide esixazululweni se-cyanide. Enye indlela evamile iwukuthola igolide elivela kusisombululo se-cyanide. I-Carbon inqubo ye-in-pulp (CIP) noma i-carbon-in-leach (CIL). I-activated carbon ifakwa esixazululweni se-cyanide, bese i-gold-cyanide complex inamathela ebusweni be- Ikhabhoni EsebenzayoIkhabhoni enegolide elifakwe emanzini iyahlukaniswa nesixazululo. Enye indlela iwukunisela i-zinc, lapho kufakwa khona i-zinc powder esixazululweni se-cyanide. I-zinc isusa igolide endaweni yalo, yakha igolide lensimbi, elingahlungwa futhi lihlanzwe kabanzi.

3.5 Ukwelashwa Kwama-Tailings

I-slurry esele ngemva kokuthola igolide yizisila. Njengoba ama-tailings asengaba ne-cyanide nezinye izinto eziyingozi, ukwelashwa okufanele kuyadingeka. Izinsalela ngokuvamile zingaphansi kwezinqubo zokuqeda ubuthi ukuze kuphulwe i-cyanide esele. Lokhu kungafezwa ngezindlela ezifana ne-chemical oxidation noma ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-detoxification, i-tailings ingalahlwa ngokuphepha.

4. Izinzuzo ze-Pressure Oxidation - Inqubo Ye-Cyanidation

4.1 Izinga eliphezulu Lokutholwa Kwegolide

Kumatshe egolide aphikisayo, i-pressure oxidation - inqubo ye-cyanidation ingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuthola igolide uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cyanidation evamile. Kwezinye izimo, izinga lokuthola igolide lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, kuyilapho i-cyanidation evamile ingase ifinyelele kuphela ku-30 ​​- 60% wensimbi efanayo ephikisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isinyathelo se-pressure oxidation sikhulula ngempumelelo igolide kumaminerali e-sulfide, okuvumela i-cyanide ukuthi isabele nayo ngokuphumelelayo.

4.2 Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo Ezinsimbi Ezihlukene

Le nqubo ingakwazi ukuphatha izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zegolide eliphikisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liqukethe amazinga aphezulu amaminerali e-sulfide noma ezinye izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Inikeza ukuguquguquka ekukhetheni insimbi ezinkampanini zezimayini, njengoba zingagcini nje ngokucubungula kalula - ama-ore alaphekayo.

4.3 Izindleko - Ukusebenza Ngokusebenza Kwesikhathi Eside

Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala ekwakheni i-pressure oxidation - isitshalo se-cyanidation siphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo semishini ekhethekile efana nama-autoclaves, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungaba yindleko - ngempumelelo. Izinga eliphezulu lokutholwa kwegolide lisho ukuthi igolide elengeziwe lingakhiqizwa enanini elifanayo lensimbi, okwandisa imali engenayo. Ukwengeza, inqubo ezinzile inciphisa ubungozi bokulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwesizinda.

5. Izinselelo Nezixazululo

5.1 Ukutshalwa Kwemali Enkulu

Ukwakhiwa kwe-pressure oxidation - isitshalo se-cyanidation kudinga inani elikhulu lokutshalwa kwezimali. Ama-autoclave, abalulekile enqubweni ye-pressure oxidation, ayabiza ukuwathenga nokuwafaka. Ukubhekana nale nselelo, izinkampani zezimayini zingacubungula amabhizinisi ahlanganyelwe noma izinketho zezimali zesikhathi eside. Bangakwazi futhi ukwenza ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lokungenzeka ngaphambi kokutshala imali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwephrojekthi.

5.2 Ukukhathazeka Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

I-Cyanide iwubuthi obuphezulu, futhi noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanele kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo nokuphepha. Ku-oxidation yokucindezela - inqubo ye-cyanidation, izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile kufanele zibe khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivuzayo - izinto zokuqinisekisa, amasistimu avaliwe - amaluphu okujikeleza kwesisombululo se-cyanide, nokuqapha njalo amazinga e-cyanide endaweni ezungezile. Ekwelashweni kwemisila, kufanele kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokukhipha ubuthi obuyingozi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinsalela ezikhishiwe azibeki usongo endaweni ezungezile.

5.3 Ubunkimbinkimbi bezobuchwepheshe

Ukusebenza kwe-pressure oxidation - inqubo ye-cyanidation idinga izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. Izisebenzi zidinga ukuqeqeshwa kahle ekusebenziseni i-autoclave, ukulawula izinga lokushisa nokucindezela, nokuqinisekisa ukwengezwa okufanele kwama-reagents ohlelweni lwe-cyanidation. Izinkampani zezimayini zingatshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha abasebenzi bazo noma ziqashe ochwepheshe abanolwazi. Bangakwazi futhi ukusungula ubudlelwano nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuze bahambisane nentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe futhi baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo.

6. Isiphetho

I-pressure oxidation - inqubo ye-cyanidation iyinqubekelaphambili ebalulekile emkhakheni wokukhishwa kwegolide, ikakhulukazi orerefractory wegolide. Inikeza amanani aphezulu okuthola igolide, ukuvumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zensimbi, kanye nezindleko zesikhathi eside - ukusebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe, iphinde ibhekane nezinselelo ezifana nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu, ukukhathazeka kwemvelo nokuphepha, kanye nobunzima bobuchwepheshe. Ngokubhekana nalezi zinselele ngokuhlela okufanele, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokuphepha nokuqeqeshwa, kanye nokuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe, inqubo ye-pressure oxidation - cyanidation ingadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemboni yezimayini zegolide.