Ukuqonda i-Sodium Cyanide: Ukusetshenziswa, Izingozi, kanye Nemiphumela Empilweni Yomuntu

I-sodium cyanide, isakhi esiyingozi kakhulu esinefomula yamakhemikhali i-NaCN, iphuma kuyo I-Hydrocyanic Acid. Le crystalline powder engenambala iyaziwa ngokuncibilika kwayo emanzini kanye nesici sayo sephunga le-alimondi elibabayo, nakuba kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwazi ukubona leli phunga-cishe i-50% yabantu ayinalo ikhono lofuzo lokuyiphunga. Le nhlanganisela ayizinzile ikakhulukazi; iqembu le-cyano lingasuswa kalula ngama-acids anamandla, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kobuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Sodium Cyanide kungaba oxidize lapho evezwe emoyeni omanzi noma I-glucose izixazululo, yingakho i-glucose kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa njenge- I-Antidote ubuthi be-cyanide.

Izicelo zezimboni zeSodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezimbonini zezimayini nezokucubungula, ikakhulukazi ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva. Kulezi zinqubo, i-sodium cyanide izixazululo zisebenza njengama-catalysts, zenza kube lula ukukhishwa kwe-oxidation yalezi zinsimbi, ezingakwazi ukukhishwa ngokuqondile yi-oxygen. Le ndlela, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cyanidation, ibilokhu iyisisekelo sokumbiwa kwegolide isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu, okuvumela ukutholwa okusebenzayo kwezinsimbi eziyigugu ezitsheni.

Ngaphandle kwezimayini, I-sodium cyanide iphinde isetshenziswe ku I-Electroplating, lapho isetshenziselwa ukufaka ungqimba lwensimbi endaweni engaphezulu. Ukusebenza kwayo kulezi zicelo zezimboni kuyenze ikhemikhali ebalulekile, kodwa ubuthi bayo buphakamisa ukuphepha okubalulekile nokukhathazeka kwemvelo.

Izingozi Zezempilo Ezihlotshaniswa Ne-Sodium Cyanide

Izingozi ze-sodium cyanide azikwazi ukweqiwa. Ukuchayeka kule nhlanganisela kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu yezempilo, njengoba kuyisivimbeli esinamandla sokuphefumula kwamaselula. Lapho idliwe, ihogelwa, noma imuncwa esikhumbeni, i-sodium cyanide ingaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo, okuholela ezimpawini ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ukudideka, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi noma ukufa.

Indlela yobuthi ihlanganisa ukuboshwa kwama-ion e-cyanide ku-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekile ochungechungeni lwezokuthutha lwe-electron mitochondrial. Lokhu kubophezela kuvimbela amaseli ukuthi angasebenzisi umoya-mpilo, awaminyanise ngempumelelo ezingeni lamaselula. Ukuqala ngokushesha kwezimpawu kusho ukuthi ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezempilo kubalulekile ezimeni okusolwa ukuthi kunoshevu we-cyanide.

Imithombo Yokuchayeka

Nakuba i-sodium cyanide ihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni, ingatholakala futhi emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yabathengi. Isibonelo, ama-ejenti athile okuhlanza ubucwebe namapholisheli angase aqukathe inhlanganisela ye-cyanide, ebeka ingozi kubasebenzisi uma ingaphathwa kahle. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinto zobuciko, njengezinhlobo ezithile ze-gouache nopende we-watercolor, zingaqukatha i-cyanide, okugqamisa isidingo sokuqapha phakathi kwamaciko nama-hobbyists.

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Nezinqamuleli

Uma kubhekwa ubuthi obuphezulu be-sodium cyanide, izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile zibalulekile ezindaweni lapho isetshenziswa khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kwabasebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzivikela (i-PPE), kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinqubo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuchayeka, ukususwa kokungcola ngokushesha kanye nokungenelela kwezokwelapha kubalulekile.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-glucose ingasebenza njengekhambi lobuthi be-cyanide, njengoba isiza ukubuyisela ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana. Amanye ama-antidote ahlanganisa i-hydroxocobalamin, ebophezela kuma-ion e-cyanide ukuze yakhe inkimbinkimbi engenabuthi engakhishwa umzimba, kanye ne-sodium thiosulfate, eyenza kube lula ukuguqulwa kwe-cyanide ibe i-thiocyanate, isakhi esinobuthi obuncane.

Ukukhathazeka Ngezemvelo

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ezimayini nakwezinye izimboni kuye kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwemvelo. Ukukhishelwa ngephutha kwe-cyanide endaweni ezungezile kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo ku-ecosystem yendawo, ikakhulukazi izilwane zasemanzini. Ukuchitheka kwe-cyanide ye-Baia Mare edume kabi ngo-2000 eRomania, okwaphumela ekungcolisweni kwemifula nokufa kwezinkulungwane zezinhlanzi, kusebenza njengesikhumbuzo esinamandla sezingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene naleli khemikhali.

Ukunciphisa lezi zingozi, amazwe amaningi asebenzise imithetho eqinile elawula ukusetshenziswa nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Izinkampani kudingeka zibe nezinhlelo ezibanzi zokulawula ubungozi, futhi intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe iyacutshungulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezinye izindlela eziphephile zokukhishwa kwegolide nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide iyikhemikhali enamandla futhi eguquguqukayo enemisebenzi ebalulekile yezimboni, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezimayini. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi bayo obuphezulu bubeka engcupheni enkulu yezempilo kubantu nasemvelweni. Ukuqonda izakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezingozi ze-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha ekuphathweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokufuna izindlela eziphumelelayo zokukhipha nokucutshungulwa kwensimbi, inselele isasele ukulinganisa lezi zidingo kanye nesibopho sokuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nemizamo yokulawula izobaluleka ekubhekaneni nalezi zinselele kanye nokukhuthaza imikhuba ephephile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sodium cyanide.