Imiphumela yokwenziwa kusebenze kanye ne-passivation kasawoti omthofu kunqubo yegolide ye-cyanidation

Isingeniso

I-Gold cyanidation iyinqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimayini ukuze kukhishwe igolide ezitsheni zayo. Ukwengezwa kwamakhemikhali athile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwale nqubo. Phakathi kwalezi zithako, Usawoti Wokuhola babonise imiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi, kokubili ukuqalisa nokuvala, ku- Igolide Cyanidation ukusabela. Ukuqonda le miphumela kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono Ukukhishwa Kwegolide izinqubo, ukunciphisa izindleko, kanye nokunciphisa imithelela yemvelo.

I-Gold Cyanidation Process Basics

Igolide cyanidation, eyaziwa nangokuthi inqubo MacArthur-Forrest, kuhilela ukusabela kwegolide nge i-cyanide ama-ion lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenza igolide likwazi ukuncibilika lisuka ku-matrix ye-ore lingene esixazululo, okuvumela ukuba liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde libe yi-ore matrix. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kokungcola okuhlukahlukene ku-ore kanye nezimo zokusabela kungathinta indlela igolide elincibilika ngayo ngokushesha nangokuphelele.

Imiphumela Yokuvula Kasawoti Wokuhola

Indlela Yokuqalisa

Iqhaza Le-Catalytic ku-Electrochemical Reactions

Usawoti omthofu ungasebenza njengama-catalyst kunqubo yegolide ye-cyanidation. Esifundeni esinamandla amakhulu (– 0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl), ukungeza usawoti oholayo kukhonjisiwe ukusheshisa inqubo yokukhishwa kwegolide ezixazululweni ze-cyanide. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cyclic voltammetry (CV) kubonisa ukuthi umthofu ubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical okwenzeka endaweni yegolide. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-cyanidation, igolide lakha ama-alloys anomthofu. Lawa ma-alloys akha amangqamuzana e-electrochemical amancane endaweni yegolide, lapho ukusabela kwe-oxidation nokunciphisa kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukusabela kwe-oxidation ekuxhumaneni kwegolide - ingxubevange ikhuthaza ukuwohloka kwegolide, kuyilapho ukusabela kokunciphisa kuhilela umoya-mpilo noma ezinye izinto ze-oxidizing esixazululweni. Lesi senzo se-electrochemical sisheshisa kakhulu izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwezenzo Zokungcola

Ezinsimbini ezinethusi nokunye ukungcola, usawoti womthofu udlala indima ezuzisayo. Amaminerali ethusi ku-ore angadla i-cyanide nomoya-mpilo, ancintisane negolide - ukusabela kwe-cyanidation. Usawoti omthofu uhlangana nama-ion e-copper noma amaminerali anethusi, akhe izinhlanganisela ezingancibiliki ezivimbela amaminerali ethusi ukuthi angancibiliki. Lokhu kunciphisa inani le-cyanide esetshenziswa ithusi, kushiye i-cyanide eningi etholakalayo ekuphenduleni kwegolide - i-cyanidation futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide. Kuma-ores anegolide lethusi eliphakeme, ukungeza usawoti omthofu kuye kwaqashelwa kunciphisa inani lethusi elincibilikisiwe kusixazululo se-cyanide, kugcina isilinganiso esihle sokuncibilika kwegolide.

Ubufakazi Bokuhlola Bokuqalisa

Kokubili izifundo zaselabhorethri nezimboni ziye zaqinisekisa Umphumela Wokuqalisas kasawoti omthofu. Kolunye ucwaningo lwensimbi enegolide ene-galena engu-0.25%, ukwengeza usawoti omthofu kwalithuthukisa kakhulu izinga legolide lokucwiliswa. Izinqubo zezimboni nazo ziyakusekela lokhu okutholakele. Kwezinye izimayini zegolide, lapho kucutshungulwa izinhlobo ezithile ze-ores, ukwengeza inani elifanele likasawoti omthofu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa I-Sodium Cyanide kusukela ngaphezu kwe-12 kg/t kuya ngaphansi kuka-5 kg/t futhi kwenyusa izinga lokutholwa kwegolide laya ngaphezu kwama-98%.

Imithelela Yokuyekisa Usawoti Wokuhola

Izimo zokuvala ukusebenza

Ukuba khona kweSilicate kanye Nomthofu Othile - Ukuthwala Amaminerali

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona i-silicate kanye ne-lead ethize - amaminerali athwala, ukwengeza umthofu kunganciphisa i-oxidation yegolide. Ngokunamandla okuthi – 0.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide liyancipha. Isizathu esiqondile siyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa singase sihlanganise ukwakheka kwamafilimu angaphezulu noma ukusebenzisana kwezinto eziholayo negolide, okuvimba ama-ion e-cyanide nomoya-mpilo ukuthi ungafinyeleli egolideni. Isibonelo, amanye amaminerali anomthofu ahlangana nesisombululo se-cyanide ukuze kwakheke inhlanganisela evala ingaphezulu legolide, okuvimbela ukuqhubeka okuvamile kokusabela kwe-cyanidation.

High - Sulfur Ores

Ezindaweni ezine-sulphur ores, ukwengeza umthofu kungase kungabi nanzuzo futhi kungaholela ngisho nasekuvalelekeni. Uma okuqukethwe kwesibabule ku-ore kuphezulu, amaminerali e-sulfide akhishwa nge-oxidized abe yi-elemental sulphur ngesikhathi senqubo ye-cyanidation. Lesi sulfure esiyisisekelo sakha ungqimba endaweni yegolide oluvimbela ukuthi lisabele nge-cyanide - isixazululo se-oxygen. Umthofu ungase ukhuthaze ukukhishwa kwe-oxidation yamaminerali e-sulfide abe yisulfure, kuqhubeke kuvimbele ukusabela kwegolide kwe-cyanidation futhi kubangele ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokuncibilika kwegolide.

Ubufakazi bokuhlaziya bokuvala ukusebenza

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) kunikeza ubufakazi bemiphumela yokuvala ukusebenza. Kumasampuli avela ezinqubweni ze-high -sulfur ore cyanidation enokwengezwa komthofu, i-XPS spectra ikhombisa ukuba khona kwesibabule - izinto eziqukethe endaweni yegolide, okubonisa ukwakheka kongqimba lwesulfure edlulayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electrochemical futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga le-oxidation yegolide liyancipha phambi kwe-silicate kanye ne-lead-bearing minerals.

Izinto Ezithonya Ibhalansi phakathi Kokwenza Kusebenze Nokungasasebenzi

Ukugxila Kosawoti Wokuhola

Inani likasawoti omthofu elifakwe ohlelweni lwe-cyanidation libalulekile. Emazingeni aphansi, usawoti omthofu uvamise ukuba nomthelela, okhuthaza ukuncibilika kwegolide. Kodwa uma ukugxila kuphezulu kakhulu, kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwemikhiqizo yokusabela ngokweqile ebangela ukuvala ukusebenza. Isibonelo, ukugcwala okuphezulu ngokweqile kwama-ion omthofu kungaholela ekunameni kwezakhi zomthofu - i-cyanide ezimboza ingaphezulu legolide futhi kumise ukusabela kwe-cyanidation.

Ukwakhiwa Kwe-Ore

Ukwakheka kwe-ore, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo namanani amaminerali e-sulfide, ama-silicates, nokunye ukungcola, kunquma ukuthi usawoti womthofu usebenza yini njengezicisha noma izicishi. Ama-ore anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali athile e-sulfide, njenge-pyrite kuma-high - sulfur ores, maningi amathuba okuthi acishwe lapho umthofu wengezwa. Ngokuphambene, ama-ores anenani elikhulu lamaminerali ethusi angazuza kumphumela wokwenza kusebenze kasawoti omthofu.

Izimo zokusabela

Izimo zokusabela ezifana nezinga lokushisa, i-pH, nokugcwala komoyampilo ne-cyanide esixazululweni nakho kuba nomthelela ekwenzeni kusebenze kanye nemithelela yokuvalwa kosawoti omthofu. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lingasheshisa kokubili ukusabela okunenzuzo nokulimazayo okuhlobene nomthofu. I-pH yesixazululo ithinta indlela umthofu namanye ama-ion ensimbi akhona ngayo, okuthonya ukusebenzisana kwawo negolide namanye amaminerali. Ukugcwala komoyampilo okwanele kuyadingeka ukuze ukusabela kwegolide - i-cyanidation kuqhubeke ngokujwayelekile, futhi usawoti omthofu ungaxhumana nomoya-mpilo ngezindlela ezihlukene kuye ngezimo, kungaba ukuthuthukisa noma ukuvimbela ukusabela.

Isiphetho

Usawoti omthofu unokubili imiphumela yokusebenzisa kanye nokuvala kunqubo yegolide ye-cyanidation. Imiphumela yokuvula, efana nokwenza kusebenze ukusabela kwe-electrochemical nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokungcola, ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha igolide. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengalapho kukhona i-silicate, amaminerali athile aphethe umthofu, noma i-high - sulfur ores, usawoti omthofu ungabangela ukungasebenzi ngokunciphisa i-oxidation yegolide noma ukwakha izingqimba zokuvimba endaweni yegolide. Ukuqonda izici ezithonya le miphumela, okuhlanganisa ukugxiliswa kukasawoti omthofu, ukwakheka kwe-ore, nezimo zokusabela, kubalulekile ekusebenziseni usawoti womthofu ngempumelelo ku-cyanidation yegolide. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela lezi zici, imboni yezimayini ingakwazi ukukhulisa ukukhishwa kwegolide, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent, ikhulise inzuzo, futhi inciphise imithelela yemvelo. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo lungagxila ekudaleni amamodeli anembe kakhudlwana ukuze abikezele ukuziphatha kukasawoti oholayo ezimweni ezihlukene ze-ore - ukucubungula kanye nokuthola izindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nemiphumela yokuvala ukusebenza.