I-Solid Sodium Cyanide: Ukuhlonzwa Kwempahla Eyingozi kanye Nezidingo Zokupakisha

1. Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide, isakhi esinobuthi kakhulu esinefomula yamakhemikhali i-NaCN, siqinile esimhlophe, esincibilika emanzini. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu kakhulu namandla okulimaza kakhulu impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo, imithetho eqinile ilawula ukuphathwa kwayo, ukuthuthwa kanye nokugcinwa kwayo. Lesi sihloko sigxile ekuhlonzweni kwe I-Sodium Cyanide eqinile njengento eyingozi kanye nezidingo zayo ezithile zokupakisha.

2. Ukuhlonzwa Kwempahla Eyingozi Ye-Solid Sodium Cyanide

2.1 Ikilasi Lengozi

Solid I-Sodium Cyanide ihlukaniswa njengezinto ezinobuthi ze-Class 6.1 ngokohlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwe-United Nations (UN) lwezimpahla eziyingozi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe ekhonweni lalo lokubangela ukulimala okukhulu noma ukufa lapho limuncwa, lihogelwa, noma limuncwa esikhumbeni.

2.2 Inombolo ye-UN

Inombolo ye-UN eyabelwe okuqinile i-sodium cyanide yi-UN 1689. Le nombolo eyingqayizivele enamadijithi amane isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukuhlonza into ngesikhathi sokuthutha, iqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abathintekayo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka, kusukela kubakhiqizi nabathumeli kuya kubathwali nabaqondisi, bangakwazi ukuyibona kalula futhi bayiphathe ngokuvumelana nemithetho efanele yezokuphepha.

2.3 Imisho Yengozi

• Ubuthi obuphezulu: Kuqinile I-sodium cyanide inobuthi ngokwedlulele. Ukugwinya, ukuhogela, noma ukuthintana kwesikhumba kungaholela ebusheni obusheshayo. Ama-Cyanide ions aphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo ezingeni lamaselula, okungaba yingozi. Isibonelo, ngisho nenani elincane le-sodium cyanide powder eliphefumulelwe lingabangela izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi nokufa.

• Ukusebenza kabusha nge-Acids: Isabela ngobudlova kanye nama-asidi ukukhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi obuphezulu nevuthayo. Lokhu kusabela kungenzeka ngisho nange-acids ebuthakathaka. Isibonelo, uma i-sodium cyanide ihlangana ne-acetic acid (i-asidi evamile etholakala kuviniga), igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide izokhishwa, okwenza isimo esiyingozi kakhulu.

2.4 Imisho yokuphepha

• Ukusingatha Izinyathelo Zokuqapha: Lapho bephethe i-sodium cyanide eqinile, abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele (i-PPE). Lokhu kuhlanganisa igesi - amasudi avikela amakhemikhali aqinile, izinto eziziphefumulelayo (SCBA) uma kuba nezingozi ezingaba khona zokuhogela, namagilavu ​​awugqinsi, amelana namakhemikhali. Yonke imisebenzi yokubamba kufanele yenziwe ezindaweni ezinomoya ohlanzekile, okungcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwesivalo somusi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana kwanoma yimaphi amagesi anobuthi okungenzeka adedelwe.

• Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Zokugcina: Kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile, futhi enomoya omuhle, kude nemithombo yokushisa, ukuthungela, nama-asidi. Izindawo zokugcina kufanele zakhelwe ukuvimbela ukungena okungagunyaziwe futhi zihlonyiswe ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuchitheka. Isibonelo, indawo yokugcina ingaba nesistimu yesibili yokuqukatha efana nethreyi yokuchitheka noma indawo ehlanganisiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwanoma iyiphi i-sodium cyanide evuzayo.

3. Izidingo zokupakisha zeSolid Sodium Cyanide

3.1 Izimiso Zokupakisha Ezijwayelekile

• Ukuzinza: Iphakheji ye-sodium cyanide eqinile kufanele iqine kakhulu ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuvuza ngesikhathi sokuphatha, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuhamba. Uma kubhekwa ubuthi obuphezulu, ngisho nokuvuza okuncane kungase kube usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo.

• Ukuhambelana: Izinto zokupakisha kumele zihambisane namakhemikhali ne-sodium cyanide. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo akufanele zisabele ngento, okungase kuholele ekucekeleni phansi kwephakeji noma ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo enobuthi.

3.2 Izinhlobo zokupakisha ezigunyaziwe

3.2.1 Insimbi - Izinsimbi Ezimboziwe Nezimoto

I-sodium cyanide eyomile ingathunyelwa ezimotweni zensimbi ezimboziwe. Lezi zimoto zenzelwe ukusefa - ubufakazi kanye nesimo sezulu - ukumelana. Isembozo sensimbi sinikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ekulimaleni ngokomzimba nasezicini zemvelo njengemvula nomswakama. Isibonelo, ekuhambeni kwesitimela sebanga elide, lezi zimoto ze-hopper zingakwazi ukuthutha ngokuphephile inani elikhulu le-sodium cyanide eqinile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene nezimo zezulu.

3.2.2 Amathangi Aphathekayo

Amathangi aphathekayo asetshenziselwa i-sodium cyanide eqinile kufanele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile zokuklama nezokwakha. Kufanele babe negobolondo eliqinile lokumelana nesisindo nokucindezela kokuqukethwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Ukwengeza, badinga ukuhlonyiswa ngokuvalwa okufanele nokufakwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza. Lawa mathangi afanele ukuthutha imiqulu emikhulu ye-sodium cyanide eqinile, kungaba yi-granular noma ifomu le-briquette. Isibonelo, kwezokuthutha zasolwandle zamazwe ngamazwe, amathangi aphathwayo asetshenziselwa ukuthutha i-sodium cyanide phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene.

3.2.3 Iziqukathi Eziningi Ezimaphakathi (IBCs)

• I-Metal IBCs: Ama-IBC ensimbi agunyaziwe afaka izinhlobo ezifana no-11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B, kanye no-31N. Lawa ma-IBC enziwe ngezinto eziqinile zensimbi ezingamelana nobunzima bokuphatha nezokuthutha. Avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha amanani amaphakathi e-sodium cyanide eqinile.

• I-Rigid Plastics IBCs: Amapulasitiki aqinile ama-IBC afana ne-11H1. 11H2. 21H1. 21h2. 31H1. kanye ne-31H2 nayo igunyaziwe. Kodwa-ke, izinto zepulasitiki kumele zibe sezingeni eliphezulu futhi zimelane nemiphumela elimazayo ye-sodium cyanide. Lawa ma-IBC anesisindo esincane uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo ensimbi, okungaba inzuzo kwezinye izimo zokuthutha, kodwa asadinga ukuhlangabezana namazinga okuphepha aqinile.

• Ama-IBC ahlanganisiwe: Ama-IBC ahlanganisiwe afana ne-11HZ1. 11HZ2. 21HZ1. 21HZ2. kanye ne-31HZ1 kuhlanganisa izinzuzo zezinto ezihlukahlukene. Zenzelwe ukuthi zibe namandla, zibe lula, futhi zimelane namakhemikhali. Isibonelo, bangase babe nongqimba lwangaphakathi lwento ekwazi ukumelana kakhulu ne-sodium cyanide kanye nesendlalelo sangaphandle sobuqotho obungeziwe besakhiwo.

• I-IBCs yokhuni: Ama-IBC okhuni (11C, 11D, kanye no-11F) angasetshenziswa, kodwa amalayini awo kufanele abe ubufakazi bokusefa. Ukhuni luhlinzeka ngezinga elithile le-cushioning, elingaba nenzuzo ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kodwa i-sefa-proof liner ibalulekile ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuvuza kokuqinile okunobuthi.

3.2.4 Okunye Ukupakisha

Amaphakheji ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile - iziqukathi zangaphakathi ezivaliwe zengilazi, izitsha zobumba, insimbi, noma i-polyethylene, enamandla angaphezu kuka-0.5 kg (1.1 pounds) agcinwe ngokuvikelekile futhi apakishwe emiphongolweni yokhuni yangaphandle noma amabhokisi okhuni noma e-fiberboard, anesisindo esingekho ngaphezu kwe-15 kg (33 pounds), agunyaziwe. Ngokufanayo, amaphakheji anamaphakethe angaphakathi avaliwe engilazi, izitsha zobumba, noma insimbi, aboshwe ngokuvikelekile futhi apakishwe emiphongolweni yokhuni yangaphandle noma amabhokisi anesisindo esingeqile ku-2.5 kg (5.5 pounds) nenethi yesisindo. Lezi zinketho zokupakisha zesikali ezincane zivame ukusetshenziselwa amasampula aselabhorethri noma ukuthunyelwa kwenani elincane.

3.3 Ukuhlolwa kokupakishwa nokunikezwa kwezitifiketi

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: Wonke amaphakheji asetshenziselwa i-sodium cyanide eqinile kufanele ahlolwe ukusebenza kanzima. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokwehla ukuze kulingise ukuwa kwephutha ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukuhlolwa kwezitaki zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukupakishwa kungakwazi ukusekela isisindo samanye amaphakheji apakishwe phezulu, nokuhlola ukuvuza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho izimbobo lapho i-sodium cyanide engaphuma khona. Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kokwehla, ukupakishwa kwehliswa ukusuka ekuphakameni okuthile kubekwe endaweni eqinile, futhi uma kukhona noma yimuphi umonakalo noma ukuvuza, iphakheji ihluleka ukuhlolwa.

• Certification: Uma ukupakishwa sekuphumelele izivivinyo ezidingekayo, kufanele kuqinisekiswe njengokuhambisana nemithethonqubo efanele. Lesi sitifiketi sikhishwa izinhlangano eziqashelwayo zokuhlola nezitifiketi. Isitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi ukupakishwa kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezincane zokuthutha i-sodium cyanide eqinile.

3.4 Ukulebula kokupakishwa

• Isexwayiso Amalebula: Wonke amaphakheji aqukethe i-sodium cyanide eqinile kufanele alebulwe ngokucacile ngamalebula ayisixwayiso. Lawa malebula kufanele aveze ngokugqamile amagama athi "POISONOUS" noma "TOXIC" ngezinhlamvu ezinkulu, ezigqamile. Kufanele futhi afake inombolo ye-UN (UN 1689) kanye nophawu olubonisa ubuthi bento, njengogebhezi lwekhanda kanye nophawu lwamathambo.

• Ulwazi Olwengeziwe: Amalebula kufanele anikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe njengegama lekhemikhali (i-sodium cyanide), imiyalelo yempendulo ephuthumayo uma kwenzeka kuvuza noma kuchitheka, kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana lomthumeli noma umkhiqizi uma kunemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka.

4. Ukuhambisana Nemithethonqubo

• Imithetho Yamazwe Ngamazwe: Kwezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthobela imithetho efana ne-International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code kanye Nezincomo zeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene mayelana Nokuthuthwa Kwempahla Eyingozi kuyisibopho. Le mithethonqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi i-sodium cyanide eqinile ihanjiswa ngokuphepha emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe. Isibonelo, Ikhodi ye-IMDG inikeza imihlahlandlela enemininingwane yokupakishwa, ukulebula, kanye nokugcinwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi emikhunjini.

• Imithetho Kazwelonke: Izwe ngalinye lingase libe nemithetho yalo kazwelonke mayelana nokuphathwa, ukugcinwa, nokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide eqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, uMnyango Wezokuthutha (i-DOT) unemithetho nezimiso eziqondile ngaphansi Kwekhodi Yemithetho Yombuso (CFR) Isihloko 49. Abathumeli bemikhumbi nabaphathi kufanele baqaphele futhi bahambisane nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe neyezwe ukuze bagweme izinkinga zomthetho futhi baqinisekise ukuphathwa okuphephile kwalesi sidakamizwa esinobuthi obunamandla.

5. Isiphetho

Ubuthi obudlulele be-sodium cyanide benza ukuhlonza okufanele njengokuhle okuyingozi nokubambelela ngokuqinile ezidingweni zokupakisha kubaluleke kakhulu. Kusukela ekuhlelweni kwayo njengezinto ezinobuthi ze-Class 6.1 ezinenombolo ye-UN 1689 kuya ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zokupakisha ezigunyaziwe kanye nezidingo zazo ezihlotshaniswayo zokuhlola nokulebula, zonke izici ziklanyelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuchayeka kanye nokulimala okungaba khona empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Bonke abathintekayo ekukhiqizeni, ekuthuthweni, nasekugcinweni kwe-sodium cyanide eqinile kufanele babe nolwazi oluhle futhi bahambisane nemithethonqubo efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa ngokuphephile kwalesi sidakamizwa esiyingozi.