Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Ku-Gold Concentrate Leaching

Isingeniso

Embonini yezimayini zegolide, i inqubo ye-cyanidation isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukha igolide kulo ukugxilisa igolides. Isodium i-cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo njengoba iphendulana negolide ukuze yenze izingxube zegolide ze-cyanide ezincibilikayo, ezingase ziphinde zicutshungulwe ukuze kutholakale igolide. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa okusezingeni eliphezulu i-sodium cyanide akugcini nje ngokukhuphula izindleko zokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okuphawulekayo kwemvelo ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa I-Sodium Cyanide ukusetshenziswa enqubweni yokucwiliswa kwegolide kunokubaluleka okukhulu kuzo zombili izizathu zezomnotho nezendawo.

Izinto Ezithinta Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Mineralogy of Gold Concentrate

Ukwakheka kokugxilisa igolide kunomthelela omkhulu kukho I-sodium cyanide ukusetshenziswa. Amaminerali afana ne-pyrite, i-pyrrhotite, i-chalcopyrite, namanye amaminerali e-sulfide angasabela nge-cyanide nomoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa. I-Pyrite, isibonelo, ingafakwa i-oxidized phambi kwe-oxygen ne-cyanide, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-iron-cyanide complexes kanye ne-cyanide edlayo kule nqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaminerali ethusi nawo angadala ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-cyanide. Ithusi lakha izingxube ezizinzile ze-cyanide, futhi lapho kunokuqukethwe kwethusi okuphezulu esixazululweni sokucwilisa, ukugxila kwe-sodium cyanide kudinga ukukhushulwa ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi wokucwiliswa kwegolide, okuqhubeka nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

I-Leaching Conditions

Inani le-pH

I-pH ye-leaching slurry iyisici esibalulekile. I-Cyanide ikhona ngezindlela ezihlukene kumazinga e-pH ahlukahlukene. Nge-pH ephansi, i-cyanide ingasebenzisa i-hydrolyze yakhe i-hydrogen cyanide, into eguquguqukayo neyingozi. Ukuvimbela lokhu, i-pH yesistimu yokugezela ivamise ukugcinwa iphezulu, imvamisa icishe ibe ngu-10 - 11.5. Kodwa i-pH ephezulu kakhulu ingaba nomthelela omubi ohlelweni lokucwiliswa kwamanzi, njengokunciphisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme athile noma ukubangela ukuna kwama-ion ensimbi, okungase kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kokucwiliswa kwamanzi futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

I-Aeration kanye Nokunikezwa Kweoksijini

Ukunikezwa komoyampilo owanele kubalulekile ukuze kukhishwe igolide kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zegolide-cyanide. Ukungena komoya okunganele noma amazinga omoya-mpilo aphansi angabambezela ukusabela kwe-leaching, okuholela ekukhishweni okungaphelele futhi okungenzeka kuphoqe ukungezwa kwe-cyanide eningi ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungenisa umoya ngokweqile kungaholela ekufakweni kwe-oxidation okungadingekile kwamanye amaminerali ku-concentrate, futhi kuqhubekisele phambili ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

Amasu Okunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokugxilwa Kwegolide

I-Oxidative Pretreatment

Izindlela zokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwe-oxidative zingasusa noma ziguqule amaminerali asebenzisa i-cyanide ekugxilweni kwegolide. Ukugazinga kuyindlela evamile, lapho ukushisa okugxilile lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo kukhipha amaminerali e-sulfide futhi kuguqula amaminerali ane-iron abe amafomu azinzile, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwawo kabusha nge-cyanide ngesikhathi sokukhishwa okulandelayo. Kodwa-ke, ukugazinga kunezihibe njengokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamandla kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okungaba khona. I-Bio-oxidation, kusetshenziswa amagciwane afana ne-Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, ithambile, iyonga amandla kakhudlwana, futhi enye indlela evumelana nemvelo. Ikhetha i-oxidize amaminerali e-sulfide, isuse ngempumelelo lawo adla i-cyanide futhi yehlise isidingo se-sodium cyanide ekushiseni.

I-Flotation Yokususwa Kwethusi

Uma ukugxiliswa kwegolide kuqukethe inani elibalulekile lamaminerali ethusi, i-flotation ingasetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokwelashwa kwangaphambili. Ngokuhlukanisa amaminerali ethusi engxenyeni enegolide, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide okubangelwa ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-copper-cyanide. I-concentrate esele ecebile ngegolide ingase ithole i-cyanide leaching ngomthamo ophansi we-sodium cyanide.

Ukwenziwa Kwezimo Ze-Leaching

Ukulawula i-pH

Ukugcina i-pH efanele futhi ezinzile kubalulekile. I-Lime ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH ye-leaching slurry. Akukhulisi nje kuphela i-pH ukuvimbela i-cyanide hydrolysis kodwa futhi kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide ngokuthonya izinga le-leaching yethusi nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela ezithile ezidla i-cyanide. Kodwa-ke, inani lomcako kufanele lilawulwe ngokucophelela, njengoba umcako oweqile ungabangela ukuna kwama-ion ensimbi anenzuzo noma ukhuphule i-viscosity ye-slurry, ivimbele ukusabela okusabelayo. Ucwaningo lokuhlola lubonisa ukuthi ukwengeza cishe u-1 - 2 kg/t we-lime ukuze ulungise i-pH ibe cishe ku-10.5 - 11.5 ngokuvamile kuzuza imiphumela emihle ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kuyilapho kugcinwa amazinga aphezulu okuvuza kwegolide.

Ukuthuthukisa I-Aeration

Ukuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwegolide okusebenzayo nge-sodium cyanide encane, izinga lokungenisa umoya lidinga ukuthuthukiswa. Izitshalo eziningi zegolide ze-cyanidation zisebenzisa ama-air compressor angenawo uwoyela ongacindezeli kangako ukuze kutholakale umoya. Amasu afana nokufaka ihood enembobo encane ekugcineni kwepayipi elinikeza umoya ukudala amabhamuza amaningi anobubanzi obuncane angakhuphula indawo yokuxhumana phakathi komoyampilo kanye nodaka oluncibilikayo, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwegolide oxidation kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa okungadingekile kwe-cyanide. Ukufaka i-valve yokuhlola ukuvimbela ukugeleza komoya futhi kuzinzisa uhlelo lokungenisa umoya. Ukulungisa izinga lokungenisa umoya ngokuya ngezici ze-concentrate nezimo zokuvuza kusiza ukugcina ukugcwala komoyampilo okwanele odaka, okuthuthukisa ukucwiliswa kwegolide nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithasiselo

Izithasiselo Ezisekelwe Umthofu

Ukwengeza izithasiselo ezisekelwe kumthofu, njenge-lead nitrate, ngaphambi kokuba i-cyanide leaching inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ama-ion omthofu asabela nokungcola okufana nama-ion e-sulfide ekugxiliseni kwegolide ukuze akhe amanzi angancibiliki, anciphise ukuphazamiseka kwawo enqubweni yokucwiliswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Isibonelo, ekucwiliseni amatshe egolide ane-sulfide amaminerali aphezulu, ukwengeza u-300 - 600 g/t we-nitrate yomthofu kanye nokwelashwa kwe-alkali ngaphambi kwamahora angu-2 - 3 kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kusuka ku-2500 - 3000 g/t kuya ku-1200 - 1500 g/t futhi kukhuphule izinga legolide eli-2% -4%.

Ama-Alternative Lixiviants noma Izithasiselo

Amanye ama-lixiviants noma izithasiselo angasetshenziswa ne-cyanide ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide sekukonke. I-Glycine, i-amino acid engenabo ubuthi, egaywa kabusha, futhi ebolayo, ingenye yezinketho ezinjalo. Kwezinye izimo, ubuchwepheshe be-leaching obusekelwe ku-glycine buzuze ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwe-cyanide ngenkathi kugcinwa amazinga okutholwa kwegolide afana nezindlela zendabuko ze-cyanidation. Ukwengeza ama-surfactants athile kungase futhi kuthuthukise ukumanzisa kwezinhlayiya zegolide kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwama-reactants ku-leaching slurry, okungenzeka kusize ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ngokwezinga elithile.

Isiphetho

Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ohlelweni lwegolide lokugxilisa ingqondo kuwumsebenzi onzima kodwa obalulekile. Ngokuqonda izici ezithonya ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide nokusebenzisa amasu afana nokwelashwa kusengaphambili, ukwenza ngcono izimo zokucwiliswa kwamanzi, nokusebenzisa izithasiselo, ukuncipha okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kungafinyelelwa. Lokhu kuzuzisa amabhizinisi ezimayini zegolide ngokwezomnotho ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kusiza ekwehliseni ubungozi bemvelo obuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kule ndawo kulindeleke ukuthi kukhiqize kakhudlwana futhi okunobungani kwemvelo ukukhishwa kwegolide izinqubo esikhathini esizayo.