Ukulawulwa Kwenani le-pH yeSodium Cyanide Solution ku-Heap Leaching ukuze Kukhishwe Igolide

1. Isingeniso

I-Heap leaching ime njengendlela evamile yokukhipha igolide kuma-ore wezinga eliphansi. Kule nqubo, I-sodium cyanide Isixazululo sisetshenziswa kaningi njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza. Phakathi kwezici eziningi ezithonya ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwe-heap leaching, ukulawula inani le-pH ye- Isixazululo se-Sodium Cyanide ibaluleke kakhulu.

2. Izimiso Zekhemikhali ezingaphansi kokulawulwa Kwenani le-pH

2.1 Ukusabela Kokuncibilika Kwegolide

Lapho usebenzisa I-Sodium Cyanide isixazululo segolide leach, ukusabela okuthile kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkali, lokhu kusabela kuphumelela kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokusabela, i-cyanide ama-ion kusixazululo asebenzisana negolide. Lokhu kusebenzisana kuholela ekwakhekeni kwegolide elincibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes, okwenza kukhishwe igolide ku-ore.

2.2 Ukuzinza kweCyanide kanye ne-pH

I-Cyanide ikhona esimweni sokulingana ngaphakathi kwesixazululo. I-Cyanide ingasabela nama-hydrogen ion akhona esixazululo. Lapho isixazululo sine-asidi kakhulu (amanani e-pH aphansi), lokhu kusabela kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-hydrogen cyanide, igesi enobuthi obunamandla. Lokhu akubangeli nje ukulahlekelwa kwe-cyanide, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-agent leaching, kodwa futhi kubangela usongo olukhulu empilweni nokuphepha kwabasebenzi ngenxa yobuthi be-hydrogen cyanide. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kwe-pH ye-alkali efanele kubalulekile. Isiza ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide futhi iqinisekise ukuzinza kwe-cyanide esixazululweni sokucwiliswa kwegolide ngendlela efanele.

3. Ibanga Lenani le-pH elilungile

Ngokuvamile, kumongo we I-Heap Leaching Yokukhipha Igolide usebenzisa i-sodium cyanide isixazululo, ibanga lenani le-pH elilungile ngokuvamile lithathwa njengeliphakathi kuka-10 no-11.5.

3.1 pH Ngaphansi Kwebanga Elilungile

Uma inani le-pH lesisombululo se-sodium cyanide lehla ngaphansi kuka-10. imiphumela eminingana engemihle ingenzeka. Okokuqala, izinga igolide elincibilika ngalo lizokwehla kakhulu. Ukusabela phakathi kwegolide ne-cyanide ions kuba kancane, okuholela ekukhishweni okuphansi kwegolide ensimbi. Okwesibili, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukwakheka kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide kuzokwanda. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kubasebenzi endaweni yezimayini futhi kunomthelela omubi emvelweni. Ukwengeza, emazingeni aphansi e-pH, okunye ukungcola kwensimbi kungase kuncibilike kalula, kuphazamise ukwakheka kwezakhiwo zegolide - i-cyanide futhi kwehlise nakakhulu izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide.

3.2 pH Ngaphezu Kwebanga Elilungile

Nakuba ukusabela phakathi kwegolide ne-cyanide ions kuthanda ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline, uma inani le-pH liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-11.5), izinkinga zingavela. I-alkalinity eyeqile ingase ibangele ukuna kwama-hydroxide ensimbi athile. Isibonelo, ama-ion ensimbi afana ne-iron, i-aluminium, ne-calcium ekhona ensimbini angakha ama-insoluble hydroxides. Lawa ma-insoluble hydroxides angamboza izinhlayiya ze-ore. Lesi singqimba sokumboza singakhinyabeza ukuthintana phakathi kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide kanye namaminerali anegolide, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani aphezulu we-pH angase adinge ukwengezwa kwezinto ezine-alkaline, okwandisa izindleko zenqubo.

4. Izindlela Zokushintshwa Kwenani le-pH

4.1 I-Lime (i-Calcium Hydroxide)

I-Lime ingenye yama-reagents asetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseni inani le-pH lesisombululo se-sodium cyanide ekuleaching kwenqwaba. Uma i-lime ingezwa esixazululweni, isabela namanzi. Lokhu kusabela kukhipha ama-ion e-hydroxide, akhulisa inani le-pH lesisombululo, okwenza kube yi-alkaline kakhulu. I-Lime ayibizi kakhulu futhi ifinyeleleka kalula, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwemisebenzi emikhulu yoleaching yenqwaba. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa i-lime, kufanele kunakwe umthamo wayo. Ukwengezwa ngokweqile kwe-lime kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokwakheka kwesikali emapayipini nasemishinini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-calcium e-lime ingasabela I-Carbonwadla ama-ion esixazululweni ukuze akhe i-calcium carbonate.

4.2 I-Soda (I-Sodium Hydrooxide)

I-sodium hydroxide ingenye i-pH esebenzayo - i-ejenti yokulungisa. Uma yengezwe kwisisombululo se-sodium cyanide, ihlukanisa emanzini. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kukhipha i-hydroxide ion, engakhuphula ngokushesha inani le-pH lesixazululo. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lime, i-sodium hydroxide ine-pH esheshayo nenembe kakhudlwana - umphumela wokulungisa. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimeni lapho kudingeka ukulungiswa okusheshayo nokunembile kwevelu ye-pH, njengakulabhorethri - ukuhlolwa kwesikali noma eminye imisebenzi yokukhishwa kwenqwaba yezikali ezincane. Kodwa-ke, i-sodium hydroxide ibiza kakhulu kune-lime, enganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekukhiqizeni izimboni ezinkulu.

5. Ukuqapha Nokulawula Inani le-pH

5.1 pH Izinzwa

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani le-pH lesisombululo se-sodium cyanide kunqubo yokuvuza kwenqwaba lihlala lingaphakathi kwebanga elifanele, izinzwa ze-pH ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela. Izinzwa ze-pH zingamadivayisi angakwazi ukubona ukugcwala kwama-ion e-hydrogen esixazululweni. Baguqula lokhu kugxiliswa kube isignali kagesi ehambisanayo, ebese yethulwa njengenani le-pH. Lezi zinzwa zivame ukubekwa ezindaweni ezibalulekile ohlelweni lokuvuza kwenqwaba, njengakumathangi okugcina esixazululo esicwilisayo, imigudu yokuletha isixazululo sokuvuza engqumbini, nalapho kuphuma inqwaba ngemva kwenqubo yokucwilisa. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqapha inani le-pH, opharetha bangakwazi ukubona ngokushesha noma yikuphi ukuchezuka ebangeni elifanele futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokulungisa ezifanele.

5.2 Izinhlelo Zokulawula Ezizenzakalelayo

Emisebenzini yesimanje ye-heap leaching, izinhlelo zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo zivame ukuhlanganiswa nezinzwa ze-pH ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawulwa kwenani le-pH okunembe kakhudlwana nangempumelelo. Lezi zinhlelo zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo zingahlelwa ukuze zilungise ngokuzenzakalela umthamo we-pH - izinto ezilungisayo (ezifana ne-lime noma i-soda) ngokusekelwe kudatha yenani le-pH yesikhathi sangempela etholwe izinzwa. Isibonelo, uma inani le-pH lesixazululo lehla ngaphansi komkhawulo obekiwe ophansi, uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo luzokhuphula izinga lokugeleza kwe-lime slurry noma isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide esinezelwa kusixazululo sokuvuza ukuze kukhuphule inani le-pH. Ngokuphambene, uma inani le-pH lidlula umkhawulo ophezulu, isistimu izonciphisa umthamo we-ejenti yokulungisa i-pH. Le ndlela yokulawula ezenzakalelayo ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokulawulwa kwenani le-pH kodwa futhi yehlisa amandla okusebenza kwabasebenzi futhi iqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuqhubeka kwenqubo yokukhishwa kwenqwaba.

6. Isiphetho

Ekuletheni inqwaba ukuze kukhishwe igolide kusetshenziswa isixazululo se-sodium cyanide, ukulawula okuqinile kwe-pH yesixazululo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ibanga le-pH elilungile eliphakathi kuka-10 no-11.5 liqinisekisa ukuncibilika kwegolide okuphumelelayo, linciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide, futhi liqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nendawo ezungezile. Ngokusebenzisa i-pH efanelekile - ama-ejenti okulungisa afana ne-lime nesoda, nokusebenzisa ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ngezinzwa ze-pH nezinhlelo zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo, izinkampani zezimayini zingakwazi ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhishwa kwenqwaba, zithuthukise amanani okuthola igolide, futhi zehlise izindleko zokusebenza. Njengoba isidingo segolide siqhubeka sikhula, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono ubuchwepheshe bokulawula inani le-pH kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemboni yezimayini zegolide.