Ingakanani i-sodium cyanide edingekayo ukuze kuncibilikiswe igremu elilodwa legolide?

Emkhakheni wokukhishwa kwegolide nokucubungula, ukusetshenziswa kwe I-Sodium Cyanide ukuncibilikisa igolide kuyindlela eyaziwayo. Isodium i-cyanide, lapho ingxenye ye-(CN)₂ ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-pseudohalogen ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezifanayo nama-halogen, kanye nezinto ezifana ne-(SCN)₂, yethulwa esigabeni esithile sesifundo se-"Inorganic Chemistry" ezingeni lenyuvesi. Ngokwesakhiwo nangokwezakhiwo, i-NaCN ingafanisa i-NaCl, futhi ingeyesigaba sezinhlanganisela ezingaphili.

Inqubo Ejwayelekile Yokuhlakaza Igolide Nge-Sodium Cyanide

Inqubo yokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ukuncibilikisa igolide ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa nokugcina izinga le-pH lika-11 - 12. Ukwengeza inani elincane le-hydrogen peroxide nakho kuyingxenye yenqubo. Izinto eziqukethe igolide zidinga ukucwiliswa izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kamuva, i-zinc wire isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi isixazululo esisetshenzisiwe sinobuthi kakhulu futhi kufanele siphathwe nge-sodium hypochlorite ukuze i-oxidation iyenze ibe yingozi kangako.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhishwa kwegolide kwe-cyanide: I-Percolation Cyanide Leaching futhi I-Agitation Cyanide Leaching.

I-Percolation Cyanide Leaching

I-percolation cyanide leaching ihlanganisa ukucwiliswa kwethangi kanye nokucwiliswa kwenqwaba. I-tank leaching in percolation ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha igolide - izihlabathi ezithwala igolide kanye nama-calcine amaholo - amahlamvu anosayizi wezinhlayiyana - 3 + 0mm. Lapho uhlinza inqwaba yensimbi enegolide yezinga eliphansi, kuye ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana zokusatshalaliswa kwegolide lendabuko kanye nokuqina kwensimbi, insimbi ivamise ukuchotshozwa ibe ngaphansi kuka-50mm (noma u-10mm) kusengaphambili. Uma usayizi wezinhlayiyana zamabhulokhi e-ore uncane, izinga legolide elincibilikayo liyakhuphuka. Ngesikhathi se-percolation cyanide leaching, ukugxila kwe I-sodium cyanide ngokuvamile ngu-0.03% - 0.2%. Izinkomba ze-percolation cyanide leaching zincike ezintweni ezifana nosayizi wezinhlayiyana zegolide, okuqukethwe kwama-sulfide, usayizi wezinhlayiyana zamabhulokhi e-ore, izinga lokubhoboza, isikhathi sokucwiliswa, ukugcwala kwama-cyanide ejenti, kanye nezinga lokugezwa kwezinsalela ezicwiliswayo. Lapho ukwelapha igolide - ukuthwala izihlabathi ze-quartz, izinga le-leaching legolide lingafinyelela ku-85% - 90%; lapho usayizi wezinhlayiyana umaholoholo, izinga legolide lehla lifinyelela ku-60%. Phakathi ne-percolation cyanide heap leaching, okuqukethwe kwegolide esixazululweni esikhulelwe kuphansi, futhi ngokuvamile, i-activated carbon adsorption iyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe. Igolide likhishwa esixazululweni esikhulelwe esitholakala ekuqothulweni kwegolide - ikhabhoni elayishiwe ngokufaka i-electrowinning noma i-zinc esikhundleni.

I-Agitation Cyanide Leaching

I-Agitation cyanide leaching ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukucwilisa igolide - elithwala izinto zokusetshenziswa zamaminerali ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphansi kuka-0.3mm. Inqubo yokucwilisa yenzeka ku-compressed - ithangi elinyakazisa umoya, ithangi elinyakazayo, noma ithangi eliyaluza elihlangene. Inqubo yokucwilisa ihlanganisa ukusebenza okufana nokuhlukanisa okuqinile - okuwuketshezi lwe-pulp, ukuwasha okukhona manje, ukubuyisela impushana ye-zinc esikhundleni sekhambi elikhulelwe, kanye nokuncibilikiswa kodaka lwegolide. Ukugxila kwe-pulp ecwilisiwe ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwama-30% - 33%. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-slime kuphezulu, ukugxila kwe-pulp e-leached kufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-22% - 25%. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-lime yengezwa ukuze kulungiswe i-pH ye-pulp ibe ngu-9 - 12. Umoya ukhokhiswa ukugcina isilinganiso esifanele phakathi kokuhlushwa komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe kanye nokugxila kwe-sodium cyanide ku-pulp. Ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide ku-pulp kuvame ukuba ngu-0.02% - 0.1%. Ama-concentrator amaningi asebenzisa inqubo ye-agitation cyanidation athatha indlela yokugeza ukuze ahlukanise isixazululo esikhulelwe kanye nezinsalela zokuvuza. Izindlela zokuwasha zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-decantation, filtration, kanye ne-fluidized - ukugeza imibhede. Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu i-continuous counter - current decantation method (indlela ye-CCD). Ama-thickeners asetshenziswa kule ndlela angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ze-single - layer kanye ne-multi - layer. Ama-concentrator amaningi e-cyanide e-China asebenzisa u-2 - 3 - izingqimba ezijiyayo ukuze ziqine - ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi kanye nokubala okuqhubekayo - ukuwasha kwamanje. Isixazululo esitholiwe esikhulelwe siyacaciswa, sihlungwe, futhi sikhishwe umoya-mpilo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuze kufakwe i-zinc powder esikhundleni. Udaka lwegolide olutholiwe luyancibilika ukuze kutholwe i-dore (igolide - ingxube yesiliva).

Iqhaza Le-Alkaline Pretreatment

Ukwengeza i-sodium hydroxide ukuze kusetshenziswe i-alkaline pretreatment kungenza buthaka noma kuqede umthelela wezinto eziyingozi ku-ore, kuthuthukise indawo yokugezela, futhi kuzuze imiphumela engcono yokucwiliswa kwensimbi. Amaminerali afana ne-pyrite, i-sphalerite, ne-chalcopyrite ekhona kusampula ye-ore ingakhiqiza ama-ion ayingozi njenge-Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, S²⁻, ne-Cu²⁺. Uma ingekho i-alkali - ukwengezwa kwe-pretreatment kwenziwa, la ma-ion ayingozi azodla inani elikhulu le-cyanide nomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide, okuvimbela ukuncibilika kwegolide futhi okuholela ekwehleni kwezinga legolide lokucwiliswa. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-alkali, i-Cu²⁺ ne-Zn²⁺ zakha i-insoluble hydroxide precipitates, futhi i-S²⁻ ifakwe i-oxidized ukuze yakhe i-SO₃ ne-SO₄²⁻, yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. I-Fe(OH)₃ yenza ifilimu evikelayo ebusweni bamaminerali afana ne-pyrite, evimbela ukucwiliswa kwayo ngokushesha kanye nokuhlakazeka okwengeziwe, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ukusetshenziswa kwe-CN⁻.

Inani Lesodium Cyanide Elidingekayo Ukuze Kuncibilikiswe Igolide

Idatha yezibalo ibonisa ukuthi cishe amagremu ayi-100 - 300 e-sodium cyanide ayadingeka ukuze kuncibilike igremu elilodwa legolide. Leli nani lingahluka kuye ngezinto eziningi ezifana nohlobo lwensimbi, ukucoleka kwezinhlayiya zegolide, kanye nendlela ethile yokuleaching esetshenzisiwe.

Ekuphetheni, ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ku Ukuncibilika Kwegolide kuyindlela ephumelelayo, kubalulekile ukunaka ukuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ngenxa yobuthi be-sodium cyanide. Izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kwezixazululo zemfucuza kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela engemihle empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo.