Indlela yokusebenza ye-leaching agent sodium cyanide

1. Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) ibalulekile I-ejenti yokuhlanza ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu, ikakhulukazi igolide nesiliva. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yezimayini kuqale ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi kusukela manje sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yezinqubo ze-hydrometallurgical zokubuyisela lezi zinsimbi ezibalulekile ezinsimbi zazo. Lesi sihloko sicubungula indlela enemininingwane yokuthi kanjani I-sodium cyanide imisebenzi ku Leaching inqubo, okusikhanyisela ngokusebenza kwayo kwamakhemikhali, indima yezici ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu.

2. Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali ze-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide iqinile emhlophe, eyicrystalline encibilika kalula emanzini. Esixazululo esinamanzi, ihlehla ibe yi-sodium ions (Na+) futhi I-Cyanide ions (CN-). I-cyanide ion iyisici esiyinhloko esibhekene nokucwilisa izinsimbi eziyigugu. Njenge-ligand eqinile, inokuhlobana okuphezulu kwama-ion athile ensimbi, ikakhulukazi igolide nesiliva. Lesi sakhiwo siyivumela ukuthi yakhe izakhiwo ezizinzile ngalezi zinsimbi, okuyisisekelo endimeni yayo njenge-ejenti yokucwilisa.

3. Inqubo Yokucwiliswa Kwegolide Nesiliva Nge-Sodium Cyanide

3.1 Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali

Lapho leaching igolide usebenzisa I-Sodium Cyanide, ukusabela kwenzeka lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo endaweni enamanzi. Amaioni e-cyanide akha inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo enegolide, enomoya-mpilo osebenza njenge-oxidizing ukuze kube lula inqubo. Ukusabela okufanayo kwenzeka lapho isiliva leaching, lapho ama-athomu esiliva asabela ngayo i-sodium cyanide kanye nomoya-mpilo ukwenza inkimbinkimbi yesiliva-cyanide encibilikayo.

3.2 Izinyathelo Zokusabela Ezingeni Lemolekyuli

Diffusion: I-sodium cyanide ihlukanisa emanzini ukuze ikhulule ama-ion e-cyanide. Lama-ion e-cyanide, kanye nama-molecule omoya-mpilo ancibilikile, ahamba ekhambi ukuze afinyelele phezulu kwezinhlayiya zegolide noma zesiliva ngaphakathi kwensimbi. Isivinini salokhu kuhlakazeka singathonywa izici ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ukuyaluza, ne-viscosity yesixazululo. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme kanye nokuyaluza okunamandla ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa izinga lokusabalalisa ngokwandisa amandla e-kinetic wamangqamuzana nokuthuthukisa ukuxutshwa kwezixazululo.

I-Adsorption: Uma sekungaphezulu kwensimbi, ama-ion e-cyanide nama-molecule omoya-mpilo anamathela phezu kwezinhlayiya zegolide noma zesiliva. I-adsorption ye-cyanide ion ikhetha kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlangana kwayo okuqinile kwensimbi. I-oxygen adsorption ibaluleke ngokufanayo njengoba inikeza amandla adingekayo e-oxidizing ekuphenduleni okulandelayo.

Electrochemical Reaction: Emngceleni phakathi kwensimbi nesixazululo, ukusabela kwe-electrochemical kuyembuleka. Ama-athomu egolide noma esiliva angaphezulu ane-oxidized, aphenduka ama-ion ensimbi. Lawa ma-ion ensimbi abe esesabela nama-ion adsorbed cyanide ukuze akhe izakhiwo zensimbi-cyanide ezincibilikayo. I-oxidation yensimbi ikhipha ama-electron, asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokunciphisa umoya-mpilo esixazululweni.

I-Desorption kanye ne-Diffusion Away: Izinkimbinkimbi ze-metal-cyanide ezakhiwe ziyahlukana ukusuka endaweni yensimbi futhi zihlakazeke emzimbeni oyinhloko wesixazululo. Lokhu kusula indlela yokuthi ama-ion e-cyanide amasha nama-molecule e-oksijini akhangiswe endaweni yensimbi, okuvumela inqubo yokuleaching ukuthi iqhubeke.

4. Izinto Ezithinta Ukusebenza Ngempumelelo Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

4.1 Ukugxila kweSodium Cyanide

Inani le-sodium cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching lithonya kakhulu izinga lokuvuza. Ekuqaleni, njengoba ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide kukhula, izinga legolide nesiliva likhuphuka ngalo, njengoba ama-ion e-cyanide engeziwe etholakala ukuze asabele ngezinsimbi. Kodwa ngalé kwephuzu elithile, izinga le-leaching lingase liyeke ukwanda noma linciphe. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi lapho kugxilwe kakhulu, ama-ion e-cyanide aphendulana namanzi enze i-hydrogen cyanide, into eguquguqukayo ephuma exazululweni, enciphisa ukuhlangana okusebenzayo kwama-ion e-cyanide ukuze kukhishwe.

4.2 Ukugxiliswa Komoya-mpilo

Umoya-mpilo ubalulekile enqubweni ye-sodium cyanide leaching. Kudingeka ukwenza i-oxidize igolide nesiliva, isinyathelo esidingekayo ngaphambi kokuthi bakhe ama-complexes ane-cyanide ions. Amazinga aphezulu omoya-mpilo oncibilikile esixazululweni ngokuvamile aholela emazingeni okukhipha amanzi ngokushesha. Njengoba umoya-mpilo unokuncibilika okulinganiselwe emanzini, izinqubo zokuvuza ezimbonini zivame ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokufaka umoya noma umoya onothile komoya-mpilo ukuze kukhuliswe ukugcwala komoyampilo.

4.3 pH Yesixazululo

I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ibalulekile ekugcineni ukusimama kwama-ion e-cyanide kanye nenqubo yonke yokucwilisa. Ama-cyanide ions ahlala ezinzile kuzixazululo ze-alkaline. Ezimweni ezine-acidic, asabelana nama-ion e-hydrogen enze igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu futhi uqinisekise ukuzinza kwama-ion e-cyanide, i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ivamise ukugcinwa phakathi kuka-10 no-11. Umcako uvame ukungezwa esixazululweni ukuze kulungiswe futhi kugcinwe i-pH ezingeni elifanele.

Ukushisa okungu-4.4

Izinga lokushisa lithinta inqubo ye-leaching ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokuvamile, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa nokusabalaliswa kwama-reactants, ukufakwa kwama-ion e-cyanide nomoya-mpilo endaweni yensimbi, kanye nokusabela kwe-electrochemical. Nokho, kunezihibe. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ama-ion e-cyanide kungenzeka ukuthi athole i-hydrolysis, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwe-cyanide njengegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okushisa aphezulu angakhuphula ukuncibilika kokungcola kwensimbi, okungase kuphazamise inqubo yokucwilisa noma kubangele ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-ion e-cyanide. Empeleni, izinga lokushisa le-leaching livamise ukuba phakathi kuka-20 - 30 °C, nakuba amazinga okushisa aphezulu angasetshenziswa uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifanele zokulawula i-cyanide hydrolysis.

4.5 Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana Zensimbi

Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ze-ore buthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwe-leaching. Ama-ores acwebile anikeza indawo engaphezulu yendawo yokusabela phakathi kwezinhlayiya zensimbi nesisombululo se-leaching. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukusakazeka ngokushesha kwama-ion e-cyanide nomoya-mpilo endaweni yensimbi kanye nokwakheka okusheshayo kwezakhiwo zensimbi-cyanide, okuholela ezingeni eliphakeme lokuleaching. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-ore anama-coarser-grained angase adinge izikhathi ezinde zokuvuza noma ukucutshungulwa okujulile ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifanayo lokutholwa kwensimbi.

5. Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda IMechanism

Ukubamba ukuthi i-sodium cyanide isebenza kanjani ohlelweni lokucwiliswa kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu embonini yezimayini. Ivumela onjiniyela nama-metallurgists ukuthi balungise kahle amapharamitha wenqubo yokukhipha amanzi, njengokugxilwa kwe-reagent, i-pH, izinga lokushisa, nosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukuze kukhuliswe amanani okubuyisela insimbi. Ngokulungiselela lezi zici, imboni ingakhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent, futhi inciphise umthelela wemvelo wokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide. Ukwengeza, lolu lwazi lungaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha nobusebenza ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, kungaba ngokwenza ngcono izinqubo ezikhona ezisekelwe ku-cyanide noma ngokuhlola amanye ama-ejenti okukhipha amanzi.

6. Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokuleaching. Ngokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo, kanye nezici ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni kwayo, imboni yezimayini ingaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo, yenze ukumbiwa kwegolide nesiliva kusimeme futhi kuphumelele. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo lungase lugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide ezisekelwe ku-cyanide noma ukuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela ezintsha ezinganciphisa izingozi zemvelo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.