Ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwe-Atmospheric kanye ne-Pressure Leaching in Gold Mine Mine Cyanidation Process

1. Isingeniso

I-Cyanidation iyinqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhishweni kwegolide ensimbi. Phakathi kwezindlela zayo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza, ukukhishwa kwe-atmospheric futhi i-pressure leaching izindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwabo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yokukhipha igolide, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, nokunciphisa izindleko. Lesi sihloko sizoqhathanisa okuningiliziwe phakathi kwe-atmospheric kanye ne-pressure leaching in the inqubo yegolide ye-cyanidation.

2. Isimiso seCyanidation Leaching

I-Cyanidation leaching isekelwe ekuphenduleni kwegolide nge i-cyanide lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo. I-chemical equation evamile imi kanje:

4Au + 8CN⁻+ O₂ + 2H₂O → 4[Au(CN)₂]⁻+ 4OH⁻

Kule ndlela yokusabela, igolide lakha igolide elincibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes, engahlukaniswa futhi ibuyiselwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ku-atmospheric noma i-pressure leaching, lesi simiso sokusabela esiyisisekelo sihlala sinjalo. Kodwa-ke, izimo zokusabela kanye ne-kinetics zithintwa yisici sokucindezela.

3. Ukuqhathanisa Ukusebenza Ngempumelelo Kwe-Leaching

3.1 I-Atmospheric Leaching

I-atmospheric leaching ngokuvamile isebenza ezingeni lokushisa elizungezile kanye nokucindezela. Kwamanye ama-ore egolide alula, njengalawo anengxenye ephezulu yegolide lokugaya, i-atmospheric leaching ingazuza imiphumela emihle. Kodwa-ke, kuma-ores ayinkimbinkimbi aqukethe inani elikhulu lamaminerali e-sulfide noma ezinye izakhi eziphikisayo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-leaching ye-atmospheric leaching ngokuvamile kunomkhawulo. Isilinganiso sokusabela esinensayo nokusabela okungaphelele kungase kuholele esilinganisweni esiphansi segolide sokucwiliswa. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisana nezinsimbi zegolide eziqukethe i-pyrite, isibabule ku-pyrite singase sisabele nge-oxygen ne-cyanide ngesikhathi se-atmospheric leaching, sisebenzisa umoya-mpilo ne-cyanide, futhi ngaleyo ndlela sivimbele ukuchithwa kwegolide. Sekukonke, izinga legolide lokucwiliswa kwegolide ekucwilisweni komkhathi libalelwa ku-60% - 85% kuma-ore ajwayelekile.

3.2 I-Pressure Leaching

I-pressure leaching, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi ephakeme. Ukwanda kwengcindezi kungakhuphula kakhulu ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo esixazululweni se-leaching. Ngokomthetho kaHenry, ukucindezela okuphezulu kuholela ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kwengxenye yomoya-mpilo, okubuye kwandise ukugcwala komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe esixazululweni. Lokhu kuphefumula okuphezulu kwe-oksijeni okuncibilikisiwe kungasheshisa i-oxidation yegolide kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zegolide - i-cyanide. Ngama-ore egolide aphikisayo, ukucwiliswa kwengcindezi kungabhidliza izakhiwo eziphikisayo zamaminerali e-sulfide, kuveze igolide elengeziwe esixazululweni sokucwiliswa. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide lingathuthukiswa ngempumelelo. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi kwamanye amatshe egolide aphikisayo, izinga legolide le-leaching of pressure leaching lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, ngisho lifike ku-95% ngaphansi kwezimo ezilungiselelwe.

4. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezimo Zokusabela

Ukushisa okungu-4.1

• I-Atmospheric Leaching: Ivamise ukusebenza ku-ambient noma eduze kwamazinga okushisa, ngokuvamile azungeze u-25°C. Njengoba ukusabela kungaqhutshwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa kuphansi kakhulu. Nokho, izinga lokushisa eliphansi libuye lisho ukuthi izinga lokusabela lihamba kancane.

• I-Pressure Leaching: Ngokuvamile kudinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Izinga lokushisa livamise ukuba phakathi kuka-80 - 150°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lingasheshisa izinga lokusabela kwamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi lidinga okokufaka kwamandla engeziwe ukuze kushisise uhlelo lokucwiliswa kwamanzi.

4.2 I-Cyanide Concentration

• I-Atmospheric Leaching: Ukugxila kwe-cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-0.02% - 0.1%. Ngama-ores anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokungcola, ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide okuphezulu kakhulu kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela wokucwiliswa, kodwa lokhu kuzonyusa izindleko nobungozi bendawo.

• I-Pressure Leaching: Ngenxa ye-kinetics yokusabela ethuthukisiwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ukugxila kwe-cyanide edingekayo kungaba ngaphansi, ngokuvamile cishe ku-0.01% - 0.05%. Lokhu akunciphisi kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo obangelwa izinsalela ze-cyanide.

5. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezimfuneko Nezindleko Zezisetshenziswa

5.1 Izidingo Zemishini

• I-Atmospheric Leaching: Imishini yokucwiliswa kwe-atmospheric ilula. Ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi amathangi avuzayo, iziphehlisi, kanye namadivayisi angenisa umoya. Ama-leaching amathangi awadingi ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu, ngakho-ke izinto zabo zokukhiqiza nezindleko ziphansi kakhulu. Ama-Agitator asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxutshwa okufanayo kwe-ore pulp, isixazululo se-cyanide, nomoya-mpilo, futhi izidingo zamandla awo nokumelana nokugqwala aziphezulu kakhulu.

• I-Pressure Leaching: I-pressure leaching idinga ukucindezela okukhethekile - okokusebenza ukumelana, njengama-autoclaves. I-autoclave idinga ukwenziwa ngezinto eziphezulu ze-alloy ukuze imelane nengcindezi ephezulu kanye nezimo zokushisa eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifakwe nokulawula ukucindezela okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukulawula izinga lokushisa, nezinhlelo zokuvikela ukuphepha. Ukuklanywa nokukhiqizwa kwale mishini kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga amazinga aphezulu obuchwepheshe.

Izindleko ezingama-5.2

• I-Atmospheric Leaching: Izindleko zokuqala zokutshala izimali zemishini yokuhlanza umoya ziphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphansi kokukhipha amanzi kanye nesikhathi eside sokukhipha amanzi, izindleko zokusebenza maqondana nomsebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla isikhathi eside, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kungase kuphakame uma kuqhathaniswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• I-Pressure Leaching: Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kwemishini yokukhishwa kwengcindezi kuphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yengcindezi ebizayo - ama-autoclave amelana nezinhlelo zokulawula eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa uma kucatshangelwa ukusebenza kahle kwayo kokucwiliswa kwamanzi kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokuvuza, izindleko zokusebenza zizonke ngokwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zingase zincintisane kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwetshe lensimbi ngezinga elikhulu futhi elingashintshi.

6. Umthelela Wezemvelo

6.1 Insalela yeCyanide

• I-Atmospheric Leaching: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-atmospheric leaching ingase idinge ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-cyanide, okungase kuholele ezinsalela eziningi ze-cyanide kuma-tailings. I-Cyanide inobuthi obukhulu, futhi ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanele kwe-cyanide - equkethe izisila kungaba yingozi enkulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu.

• I-Pressure Leaching: Ngokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwe-cyanide, i-pressure leaching ikhiqiza insalela encane ye-cyanide kuma-tailings. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bemvelo obuhambisana nokungcoliswa kwe-cyanide ngokwezinga elithile.

6.2 Ukusetshenziswa Kwezamandla kanye Nokukhishwa Kwesisi

• I-Atmospheric Leaching: Nakuba inamandla aphansi okusebenzisa ukushisisa, ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela egculisayo yokucwiliswa kwamanzi kungase kudle inani elikhulu lamandla kagesi ukuze kuphazamiseke futhi kungene umoya. Mayelana nokukhishwa kwezinto ezikhishwayo, uma inqubo yokufaka umoya ingalawulwa kahle, ingase ibangele ukukhululwa kwamanye amagesi ayingozi akhiqizwa ukusabela.

• I-Pressure Leaching: Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokusebenza kwengcindezi ephezulu ye-pressure leaching kudinga ukufaka amandla okubalulekile ukushisa nokugcina uhlelo lokucindezela. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu kusho ukuthi ngenani elifanayo lokukhiqiza igolide, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla sekukonke ngeyunithi ngayinye yegolide kungase kuqhathaniswe noma kube ngaphansi kunaleyo yokucwiliswa komkhathi ngokucabangela umthamo wokukhiqiza ophezulu. Ngokuphathelene nokukhishwa, uma uhlelo lokucindezela luvalwe kahle, ukukhululwa kwamagesi ayingozi kungalawulwa kangcono.

7. Isiphetho

Kafushane, kokubili umoya womkhathi nokucindezela inqubo ye-cyanidation yemayini yegolide kunezici zakhona. I-Atmospheric leaching ifanele ama-ores egolide alula anotshalomali oluncane kumishini ekuqaleni, kodwa inomkhawulo ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-leaching yama-ores ayinkimbinkimbi. I-pressure leaching, ngokuphambene nalokho, ikhombisa izinzuzo ezinkulu ekubhekaneni nezinsimbi zegolide ezingaguquki, ngokusebenza kahle kokucwiliswa kwamanzi, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kwe-cyanide, kanye nomthelela omncane kwezemvelo ngokwezinsalela ze-cyanide. Kodwa-ke, kudinga imishini ebiza kakhulu kanye nokusebenza nokugcinwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho kukhethwa indlela yokucwiliswa kwamanzi, amabhizinisi ezimayini adinga ukubheka kabanzi izinto ezifana nezakhiwo zensimbi, isikali sokukhiqiza, isabelomali sokutshala izimali, kanye nezidingo zezemvelo ukuze enze isinqumo esifanele kakhulu.