Ukwelashwa Kwe-Pressure Oxidation ye-Cyanide - equkethe Amanzi Angcolile Ekuncibilikeni Kwegolide

Isingeniso

In the Ukuncibilika Kwegolide embonini, inqubo ye-cyanidation iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokukhipha igolide. Nokho, le nqubo yakha inani elikhulu i-cyanide-aqukethe amanzi angcolile. Ama-cyanides emanzini angcolile anobuthi obukhulu, futhi uma ekhishwa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, azobeka usongo olukhulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kanye nemvelo I-Cyanide Wastewater ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha buye baba ukhiye wentuthuko esimeme yemboni yokuncibilikisa igolide. Njengendlela ethuthukisiwe yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha i-pressure oxidation bubonisa amandla amakhulu ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile e-cyanide asuka ekuncibilikisweni kwegolide.

Izimiso ze-Pressure Oxidation Treatment Technology

Umgomo oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwe-pressure oxidation ukwenza ama-cyanides emanzini angcolile abhekana nokusabela kwe-oxidation ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, zokucindezela okuphezulu lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, okuwaguqula abe izinto ezinobuthi obuphansi noma okungenabo ubuthi. Phakathi nale nqubo, ama-ion e-cyanide (CN⁻) ancishiswa kancane kancane. Okokuqala, ama-ion e-cyanate (CNO⁻) ayakhiqizwa, bese encishiswa futhi ancishiswe abe izinto ezingenangozi ezifana I-Carbon i-dioxide (CO₂) kanye ne-nitrogen (N₂). Le nqubo yokuxilisa ingabhubhisa ngempumelelo isakhiwo samakhemikhali se- Ama-cyanides, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ubuthi bamanzi angcolile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amanye ama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini angcolile, njengethusi, i-zinc, ne-iron, okungenzeka ekuqaleni kwakhe ama-complexes azinzile nama-cyanides, nawo azobola ngaphansi kwesenzo se-oxidation yokucindezela. Ukukhishwa kwama-ion ensimbi esindayo kudala izimo zokuhlukaniswa nokwelashwa okulandelayo.

Izinzuzo Zokuqhathanisa Ngaphezu Kwezindlela Zokwelapha Zendabuko

High Ukwelashwa Ngempumelelo

Izindlela zendabuko zokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile e-cyanide, njengendlela ye-alkaline chlorination, zingazuza futhi ukufakwa kwe-oxidation yama-cyanides, kodwa izinga lokusabela lihamba kancane, futhi isikhathi sokwelashwa side. Ngokuphambene, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha i-pressure oxidation, ngenxa yokusabela okwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezishisa kakhulu nezinomfutho ophezulu, kusheshisa kakhulu izinga le-oxidation lama-cyanides. Inganciphisa ukugcwala kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile ibe sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane, ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.

Ukuzijwayeza Okuqinile Kumanzi Angcolile Ayinkimbinkimbi

Ukwakheka kwamanzi angcolile e-cyanide asuka ekuncibilikiseni igolide kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwama-cyanides nama-ion ensimbi esindayo, ingase futhi ibe nezinto ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo nokunye ukungcola. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko zinemiphumela emibi yokwelapha emanzini angcolile anezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifunwayo zokukhipha. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwe-pressure oxidation, noma kunjalo, bungabhekana ngokuphumelelayo nalesi simiso esiyinkimbinkimbi samanzi angcolile. Inamandla amahle okususa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-cyanides nokunye ukungcola, okubonisa ukuguquguquka okunamandla.

Ingozi Encishisiwe Yokungcola Kwesibili

Izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko zingase zikhiqize ukungcola kwesibili phakathi nenqubo yokwelapha. Isibonelo, indlela ye-alkaline chlorination isebenzisa ama-oxidant asekelwe ku-chlorine, futhi igesi enobuthi ye-cyanogen chloride ingase ikhiqizwe ngesikhathi sokusabela, okungagcini nje ngokuba usongo empilweni yabaqhubi kodwa futhi kungase kubangele ukungcoliswa komoya. Imikhiqizo yokusabela yobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwe-pressure oxidation ikakhulukazi amagesi angenabungozi njenge-carbon dioxide ne-nitrogen, enciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokungcoliswa kwesibili kanye nokuhambisana kakhulu nezimfuneko zokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Ukugeleza Kwenqubo Yokwelashwa Kwe-Pressure Oxidation

Isiteji Sokwelashwa

Ngaphambi kokungena kwinqubo ye-pressure oxidation, amanzi angcolile adinga ukucutshungulwa kuqala. Inhloso eyinhloko yalesi sinyathelo ukususa okuqinile okumisiwe, izinhlayiya ezinkulu zokungcola, nezinye izinto okulula ukuzithola emanzini angcolile, ukuvimbela lezi zinto ukuba zingabangeli ukuvinjelwa noma zithinte umthelela wokusabela emishinini elandelayo ye-oxidation yokucindezela. Ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuvame ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingokomzimba, ezinjengokuhlunga nokucwilisa. Izinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe zosayizi abakhulu zingabanjwa ngokuhluzwa kwegridi, futhi amathangi okwehlisa izinga angasetshenziswa ukuvumela inzika ethile, izinhlayiya, njll. emanzini angcolile ukuthi azinze ngokwemvelo.

Isiteji Sokusabela Kwe-Pressure Oxidation

Amanzi angcolile afakwe ngaphambilini angena ku-pressure oxidation reactor. Ngaphakathi kwe-reactor, amanzi angcolile ahlangana ngokugcwele nomoya-mpilo futhi athola ukusabela kwe-oxidation ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (imvamisa engu-150 - 250℃) kanye nezimo zengcindezi ephezulu (imvamisa engu-1 - 5MPa). Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusabela, inani elifanele le-catalyst ngezinye izikhathi liyengezwa. Kulesi sigaba, ama-cyanides afakwa i-oxid kancane kancane futhi abola, futhi izakhiwo zensimbi ezinzima nazo ziphukile. Phakathi nenqubo yokusabela, imingcele efana nezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izinga lokugeleza komoyampilo, nesikhathi sokusabela kudingeka ilawulwe ngokunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusabela kwe-oxidation kuqhubeka kahle futhi kuzuzisa umphumela wokwelapha ongcono kakhulu.

Isiteji Sokwelashwa Esilandelayo

Nakuba ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile akhishelwe ku-reactor ye-oxidation yokucindezela kwehliswe kakhulu, kusengaqukatha okunye ukungcola okusalela kanye nezinto ezisanda kwakhiwa phakathi nokusabela, njengama-ion ensimbi esindayo nama-sulfate. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okulandelayo kuyadingeka. Ukwelashwa okulandelayo kuvame ukuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezifana nokungathathi hlangothi, ukucwiliswa kwe-sedimentation, nokuhlunga. Okokuqala, izinto ezine-alkaline (ezifana nomcako) zengezwa ukuze kuncishiswe amanzi angcolile futhi kulungiswe inani le-pH libe ibanga eliphakathi nendawo noma eliseduze nokumaphakathi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ze-pH, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini angcolile azokwakha i-hydroxide precipitates. Bese-ke, ngokusebenzisa i-sedimentation kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlunga, lezi zimvula ziyahlukaniswa namanzi angcolile, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa okuqukethwe kokungcola emanzini angcolile futhi kuvumela amanzi angcolile ahlanzekile ukuthi ahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhipha noma izimfuneko zokuphinda zisetshenziswe.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimo Zokusebenza Ezisebenzayo

Ibhizinisi elikhulu elincibilikisa igolide lamukele ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha be-pressure oxidation ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-cyanide. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, inkampani ibibhekene nobunzima obuningi ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile e-cyanide. Izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko azizange zibe nezindleko zokwelashwa eziphakeme kuphela kodwa futhi zibe nobunzima ekuhlangabezaneni ngokuzinzile nezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhipha ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwendawo.

Ngemva kokwethula ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha i-pressure oxidation, inkampani yakha uhlelo oluphelele lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokugeza ngaphambi kwesikhathi, i-pressure oxidation reactor, namayunithi okwelapha alandelayo. Ngokuqapha ukusebenza kwangempela, umphumela wokwelapha wawumangalisa. Izinga le-cyanide emanzini angcolile lehlile lisuka kumamiligremu angamakhulu ambalwa ilitha laya ngaphansi kwamamiligremu amaningana ilitha, ngezinga lokususwa elingaphezu kwama-99%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuqukethwe kwama-ion ensimbi esindayo nakho kwehle kakhulu, kuhlangabezana ngokugcwele namazinga ashiwo kazwelonke ashiwo.

Ngokombono wenzuzo yezomnotho, nakuba utshalomali lwasekuqaleni lwempahla yobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwe-pressure oxidation luphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo kokwelashwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-reagent ephansi, izindleko zokwelashwa zizonke zehlile ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa kabusha amanzi angcolile ahlanzekile, inkampani iphinde yazuza izinzuzo ezithile zezomnotho ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngokombono wenzuzo yezemvelo, lobu buchwepheshe buye banciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolile ezifana nama-cyanides nezinsimbi ezisindayo, okudambisa kakhulu ingcindezi yokungcola endaweni ezungezile futhi kwenza umnikelo omuhle ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kwendawo.

Izinselele kanye Nezinyathelo Zokulwa

Utshalomali Lwezinsiza Eziphakeme Nezindleko Zokusebenza

Ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwe-pressure oxidation budinga okokusebenza okukhethekile kokucindezela, amadivaysi okusabela asezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezinembile, okuholela ekutshalweni kwempahla enkulu yokuqala. Ukwengeza, ukugcina izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nezimo ezicindezelayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo kuzokwandisa izindleko zokusebenza.

Izinyathelo Zokulwa: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuhlela isikali sephrojekthi ngokunengqondo, athuthukise izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusebenza, futhi ehlise isabelo sezindleko zemishini ngeyunithi ngayinye yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho ukhetha okokusebenza, khetha izinto zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezonga amandla futhi wandise imingcele yokusebenza ukuze unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko zokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqiniswa kokuncintisana kwemakethe, intengo yezinto zokusebenza kulindeleke ukuthi yehle kancane kancane, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise umthwalo wokutshala izimali kumabhizinisi.

Izimfuneko Eziphakeme Zokusebenza Nokunakekelwa

Inqubo yokusebenza yalobu buchwepheshe ihilela izindawo eziyingozi ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, okudinga izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe kanye namakhono okusebenza kwabasebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside kwemishini, ngenxa yethonya lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucindezela okukhulu, nendawo eqinile ye-oxidation, izinkinga ezifana nokugqoka nokugqwala kungenzeka zenzeke, futhi ukugcinwa nokulungiswa njalo kuyadingeka.

Izinyathelo Zokulwa: Amabhizinisi kufanele aqinise ukuqeqeshwa kwabaqhubi, athuthukise ulwazi lwawo lochwepheshe kanye namakhono okusebenza, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi angakwazi ukusebenza ngokuhambisana nezinqubo zokusebenza ukuze agweme izingozi zokuphepha ezibangelwa amaphutha okusebenza. Ngasikhathi sinye, sungula uhlelo oluphelele lokuphatha ukugcinwa kwemishini, uhlole njalo, unakekele, futhi usevise okokusebenza, uthole ngokushesha futhi uxazulule izinkinga ezikhona kumishini, wandise impilo yesevisi yemishini, futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlelwano obuhle bokubambisana bungasungulwa nabahlinzeki bemishini ukuze bathole ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa.

Isiphetho

Njengendlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo nevumelana nemvelo yamanzi angcolile e-cyanide ekuncibilikisweni kwegolide, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwe-pressure oxidation bunezinzuzo ezibalulekile kanye namathemba okusebenza abanzi. Ngokufaka i-oxidizing kanye nokubola kwama-cyanides ngaphansi kwezimo ezishisa kakhulu nezinomfutho ophezulu, kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ubuthi bamanzi angcolile futhi kususe ukungcola okuhlukahlukene. Nakuba ibhekene nezinselele ezifana nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwemishini kanye nezindleko zokusebenza, kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zokusebenza nokunakekelwa kwezicelo ezingokoqobo, lezi zinkinga zingaxazululwa ngempumelelo ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphikisa ezifanele. Ngezidingo eziqinile zokuvikela imvelo kanye nenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwe-pressure oxidation kulindeleke ukuthi busetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yokuncibilikisa igolide, bubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekufezeni intuthuko eluhlaza nokusimeme kwemboni yokuncibilikisa igolide.