I-Direct Electrowinning of Gold evela ku-Cyanide Solution

Isingeniso

I-Cyanidation ibilokhu iyindlela eyinhloko yokukhipha igolide kuma-ore. Ngemva kwenqubo yokukhipha i-cyanide , igolide likhona esixazululweni se-cyanide , esaziwa ngokuthi isisombululo se-pregnant leach. Ngokwesiko, izindlela ezifana ne -Carbon adsorption (njengenqubo ye-Carbon-in-Column - CIC) kanye ne-zinc cementation (inqubo ye-Merrill Crowe) ziye zasetshenziswa ukuthola igolide kulesi sixazululo. Kodwa-ke, ukuwina ngogesi ngqo kusuka kuzixazululo ze-cyanide kuye kwavela njengendlela ehlukile ethembisayo, enikeza izinzuzo eziningana ngokusebenza kahle, izindleko, kanye nomthelela emvelweni.

Umgomo We-Direct Electrowinning

Ukuthola i-electrowinning ngokuqondile kuyinqubo ye-electrochemical. Ngokwesimo sokukhishwa kwegolide ezixazululweni ze-cyanide, lapho ugesi udlula ngesisombululo se-cyanide esiqukethe igolide ngesimo se-aurocyanide complexes ( Au(CN)_2^- ), ukusabela okulandelayo kwenzeka kuma-electrode:

• Ku-cathode : Au(CN)_2^- + e^- \rightarrow Au + 2CN^-

Ama-ion egolide esakhiweni se-aurocyanide azuza i-electron futhi afakwa njengegolide lensimbi endaweni ye-cathode.

• Ku-anode : Kuye ngezimo, ukushiswa kwamanzi noma ukushiswa kwezinye izinhlobo kusisombululo kungase kwenzeke. Isibonelo, 2H_2O \rightarrow O_2 + 4H^+ + 4e^-

Izinzuzo ze-Direct Electrowinning

1. Ubulula : Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo ezinezinyathelo eziningi njengokumuncwa kwekhabhoni okulandelwa yi-elution kanye ne-electrowinning (esimweni se-CIC), i-electrowinning eqondile inciphisa inani lemisebenzi yamayunithi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukugeleza kwenqubo iyonke, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyinakekela.

2. Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko : Ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa zenqubo, kungenzeka ukuthi izindleko zemali kanye nokusebenza ziphansi. Asikho isidingo sokutshala imali ezindaweni zokuvuselela ikhabhoni ezinkulu (njengakwi-CIC) noma ukuthenga inqwaba yempuphu ye-zinc (njengakwinqubo ye-Merrill Crowe).

3. Umkhiqizo Wokuhlanzeka Okuphezulu : Ukuma kwe-electrode eqondile yegolide kungabangela idiphozithi yegolide elihlanzekile kakhulu ku-cathode. Lokhu kunganciphisa isidingo sezinqubo eziningi zokucwenga ezansi komfula, okusindisa izindleko ezengeziwe.

4. Izinzuzo Zemvelo : Ngokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwe-zinc enqubweni ye-Merrill Crowe, kuncane ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza equkethe i-zinc. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza lula inqubo kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwenqubo

1. Ukuhlushwa Kwesixazululo : Ukuhlushwa kwegolide esixazululweni se-cyanide kuyisici esibalulekile. Nakuba ukuwina ngogesi ngqo kungasetshenziswa ezixazululweni ezinezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlushwa kwegolide, ukuhlushwa okuphezulu ngokuvamile kuholela emazingeni okufakwa okusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlushwa kwegolide okuphezulu kakhulu kungadinga imiklamo ekhethekile ye-electrode ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanayo.

2. Izinto Zokwenza Ama-electrode : Ukukhetha izinto zokwenza ama-electrode kubalulekile. Uboya bensimbi obungenasici buvame ukusetshenziswa njengento yokwenziwa kwe-cathode ngenxa yendawo yayo ephezulu, okuvumela ukufakwa kwegolide okuphumelelayo. Ku-anode, izinto ezingamelana nokugqwala esixazululweni se-cyanide, njenge-anode ezizinzile ngokwezinga (i-DSA), ziyathandwa.

3. i-pH kanye Nokushisa : I-pH yesisombululo se-cyanide idinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela. I-pH ene-alkaline kancane ivame ukugcinwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubola kwe-cyanide. Izinga lokushisa lesisombululo lingathinta nezinga lokuwina ngogesi, kanti amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngokuvamile akhulisa izinga lokusabela kodwa futhi angandisa nengozi yokubola kwe-cyanide.

Ukugeleza kwenqubo

1. Ukulungiswa Kwesixazululo : Isixazululo se-cyanide leach esikhulelwe esivela ku-heap leaching noma kwezinye izinqubo ze-cyanidation siqale siphathwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukuhluzwa ukuze kususwe izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, njengoba lokhu kungaphazamisa inqubo yokuwina ngogesi futhi kubangele izifunda ezimfushane phakathi kwama-electrode.

2. Iseli Elinqoba Ngogesi : Isixazululo esilungisiwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa sibe sesifakwa esitokisini elinqoba ngogesi. Iseli lifakwe i-anode kanye ne-cathode. Njengoba kusetshenziswa ugesi, igolide liqala ukufakwa ku-cathode.

3. Ukubuyiswa Kwegolide : Uma inani elanele legolide selibekwe ku-cathode, i-cathode iyasuswa esitokisini. Igolide lingasuswa ku-cathode ngomshini noma ngamakhemikhali, kuye ngohlobo lwento ye-cathode. Igolide elisusiwe liyabe selicwengisiswa ukuze kutholakale igolide elicwengekile kakhulu.

Izinselelo Nokubukeka Kwesikhathi Esizayo

1. Ukuphathwa kwe-Cyanide : Nakuba ukuwina i-electro ngqo kunikeza izinzuzo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide enkambisweni yokukhipha igolide iyonke kusabeka engcupheni yemvelo kanye nezokuphepha. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo lungagxila ekuhlanganiseni ukuwina i-electro ngqo nezinye izindlela zokukhipha i-leaching ezingenabo ubuthi.

2. Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla : Inqubo yokuthola amandla kagesi idinga inani elikhulu lamandla kagesi. Ukuthuthukisa izinto ze-electrode ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemiklamo yamaseli kuyindawo yocwaningo olusebenzayo.

3. Ukukhuliswa : Njenganoma yiluphi ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukwandisa ukuwina ngogesi ngqo kusuka ekusebenzeni kwelebhu kuya kwezimboni kudinga ukwenziwa kahle ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulinganayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

Ukuthola igolide ngogesi ngqo kusuka kuzixazululo ze-cyanide kumelela intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yezimayini zegolide. Ngocwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nentuthuko yokubhekana nezinselelo ezikhona, inamandla okuba yindlela evelele yokubuyisa igolide maduze.