Iqhaza Le-Sodium Cyanide Emayini: Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile

I-Sodium cyanide, inhlanganisela ebilokhu iyingxenye yeMboni Yezimayini iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu, ikakhulukazi igolide nesiliva. Lesi sihloko sihlola izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze- Sodium Cyanide , ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezimayini, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Ukuqonda i-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) iwusawoti oncibilika kakhulu oqukethe i-cyanide ion (CN⁻). I-Cyanide ngokwayo iyikhemikhali eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene endaweni ezungezile, kuhlanganise nezithelo ezithile, amantongomane, nezitshalo. Nakuba ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa nobuthi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-cyanide ikhona ekugxilweni okuphansi ezintweni eziningi zansuku zonke, njengosawoti wetafula kanye nemikhiqizo ethile yokudla efana ne-cassava nezithelo zamatshe.

Emkhakheni wezimboni, i-sodium cyanide ikhiqizwa ngobuningi, kanti amathani angaphezu kwesigidi asetshenziswa minyaka yonke kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-Electroplating , i-Metalworking , kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali e-organic kanye nepulasitiki. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphawulekayo kusesembonini yezimayini, lapho isetshenziselwa ukukhipha igolide nesiliva ku-ore.

Inqubo Yezimayini: Isebenza Kanjani I-Sodium Cyanide

Inqubo yokukhipha igolide ku-ore kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide yaziwa ngokuthi i-Cyanide Leaching noma i-cyanidation. Le ndlela ibilokhu isetshenziswa embonini yezimayini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-120 futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yekhono layo lokuncibilikisa izinhlayiya zegolide nesiliva edwaleni elizungezile.

1. Ukuchoboza Nokugaya: Isinyathelo sokuqala enkambisweni yokugaya i-cyanidation sihilela ukuchoboza nokugaya i-ore ukuze kukhishwe izinhlayiya zegolide. Le nqubo ebonakalayo yandisa indawo engaphezulu kwe-ore, okuvumela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuphumelelayo kakhudlwana.

2. Ukulungiswa Kwesixazululo se-Cyanide: Uma i-ore isigayiwe kahle, ixutshwa nesisombululo esincibilikisiwe se-sodium cyanide, ngokuvamile ngamanani asukela ku-0.01% kuya ku-0.05%. Isixazululo se-cyanide sibe sesifakwa ku-ore ethangini lokugeleza.

3. Ukuhlanzwa: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanzwa, i-sodium cyanide isabela negolide nesiliva ku-ore, yakha i-complex encibilikayo. Lokhu kuvumela izinsimbi eziyigugu ukuthi zihlukaniswe nezinto ezilahliwe. Inqubo yokuhlanzwa ingathatha amahora amaningana kuya ezinsukwini, kuye ngohlobo lwe-ore kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-cyanide esetshenzisiwe.

4. Ukulawulwa kwe-pH: Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwegesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), i-pH ye-slurry iqashelwa ngokucophelela futhi ilungiswe. I-lime noma ezinye izinto ze-alkaline zengezwa ukuze kugcinwe izinga le-pH eligcina ama-ion e-cyanide eqinile futhi engenabo ubuthi.

5. Ukutholwa Kwegolide: Ngemva kwenqubo yokukhipha igolide, i-gold-cyanide complex ihlukaniswa ne-slurry esele. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-activated carbon, emunca igolide elivela esixazululweni. Igolide libe selisuswa ku-carbon bese liqiniswa kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba lincibilikiswe libe yizingodo zegolide.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Nakuba i-sodium cyanide iyithuluzi eliphumelelayo le- Gold Extraction , ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngezemvelo nokuphepha. Ubuthi be-cyanide bubhalwe kahle, futhi ukuphathwa kabi noma ukukhishwa ngengozi kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emvelweni nasempilweni yabantu.

1. Umthelela Kwezemvelo: Imboni yezimayini ingaphansi kokubhekisiswa okukhulu maqondana nemikhuba yayo yezemvelo. Ukuchitheka noma ukuvuza kwe-cyanide kungangcolisa inhlabathi namanzi, okubeka izingozi ezilwaneni zasendle nasemiphakathini yasendaweni. Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe amaningi asebenzise imithetho eqinile elawula ukusetshenziswa nokulahlwa kwe-cyanide emisebenzini yezimayini.

2. Izinqubo Zokuphepha: Izinkampani zezimayini kudingeka zilandele izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngamasu okuphatha kahle, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo, kanye nokuhlola njalo izindawo zokugcina nokucubungula.

3. Izindlela Ezihlukile: Ekuphenduleni ukukhathazeka ngemvelo, ezinye izinkampani zezimayini zihlola ezinye izindlela zokukhipha igolide ezingancikile ku-cyanide. Lezi zindlela zifaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukuntanta, kanye nokuhlanzwa kwezinto eziphilayo, okusebenzisa amagciwane ukukhipha izinsimbi ku-ore. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zingase zingabi zisebenza kahle noma zingabizi njenge-cyanidation.

Ikusasa Lesodium Cyanide Emayini

Njengoba isidingo segolide nesiliva siqhubeka sikhuphuka, imboni yezimayini cishe izoqhubeka nokuthembela ku-sodium cyanide ukuze ikhishwe. Kodwa-ke, imboni nayo ibhekene nengcindezi yokuthi isebenzise izindlela ezisimeme kakhulu futhi yehlise izinga layo lezemvelo.

Imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko iyaqhubeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphathwa kwe-cyanide nokuhlola ezinye izindlela eziphephile. Izindlela ezintsha zokugaywa kabusha kwe-cyanide kanye nezinqubo zokuqeda ubuthi ziyaphenywa ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza futhi kuncishiswe amathuba okulimala kwemvelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wezimayini uya ngokuya wamukela ukubeka izinto obala nokuziphendulela, njengoba izinkampani eziningi zizibophezela ekusebenzeni kwezimayini ezinomthwalo wemfanelo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukusebenzelana nemiphakathi yendawo, ukwenza ukuhlola komthelela kwezemvelo, kanye nokutshala imali kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusimama.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide isalokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile embonini yezimayini, ikakhulukazi ekukhishweni kwegolide nesiliva etsheni. Nakuba ukusebenza kwayo kungenakuphikiswa, okuhlobene nendawo ezungezile nokuphepha kudinga ukuphathwa nokuqapha ngokucophelela. Njengoba imboni ithuthuka, ukugxila ezindleleni ezisimeme nezinye izindlela zokumbiwa kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lezimayini. Ngokulinganisa isidingo sokumbiwa kwezinsiza kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo, imboni yezimayini ingasebenzela ikusasa elisimeme nelinomthwalo wemfanelo.