I-All - Slime Striring Cyanidation Process Emayini Yegolide

1. Isingeniso

I-Cyanidation iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokukhipha igolide embonini yezimayini. Ithole ukuduma ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi nezinga eliphezulu lokuthola igolide. Le nqubo ivumela ukukhiqizwa kwegolide esizeni, okunciphisa kakhulu izithiyo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nokuthuthwa kwebanga elide lokugxilisa igolide. Ngenxa yalokho, kunomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwamabhizinisi kanye nezindleko zokonga. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa i-cyanide, i-reagent enobuthi kakhulu, kanye nokugeleza kwenqubo ende kanye nesivinini sokukhipha igolide esinensayo, kungububi obuphawulekayo be inqubo ye-cyanidation. Ukuze uvumelane kangcono nezinhlobo ezahlukene zegolide - ama-ore aphethe, uthuthukise ukutholakala kwegolide, futhi unciphise izindleko, inqubo yokukhipha igolide ye-cyanidation iye yasungulwa ngokuqhubekayo.

2. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Ye-Cyanidation

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-cyanidation, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula amaminerali abuzange buthuthukiswe kahle, futhi izindleko zokugaya kahle kwama-ores zaziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi, izindlela zokulokhu zicwiliswa, ukucwiliswa kwamanzi, kanye nokuhlungwa kwezigaxa ze-ore ezinkulu zazingakasungulwa. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwendlela ye-cyanidation, i-percolation leaching kwakuyinqubo eyinhloko. I-percolation leaching yayifaneleka kuphela ekwelapheni ama-coarse-grained ores. Kwakudingeka ukuba kungabi khona ubumba, i-slimate, noma okunye ukungcola entweni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba i-leaching, i-ores echotshoziwe kahle yayidinga ukuhlukaniswa, okwakuyinqubo yokugeza, ukuhlukanisa i-slime. Imikhiqizo ye-slime emahhadlahhadla yafakwa emathangini aleaching ukuze kuhlanzwe i-cyanidation nge-percolation leaching.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemishini ye-hydrometallurgical, njengokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamathangi okunyakazisa udaka, izihlungi, izingqimba, njll., ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-percolation leaching yesihlabathi se-ore, imikhiqizo ye-slime ehlukanisiwe ingaba yi-cyanided emathangini ayaluza. Ngokuthuthuka nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugaya, ukugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nokuhlunga, i-cyanide leaching isishintshele ekukhipheni igolide ezinsimbini zegolide ezicoliswe kahle. Wonke ama-ore agaywa kahle abese efakwa emathangini anyakaze kakhulu. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi "all - slime cyanidation" indlela. Inezinzuzo zezinga eliphezulu lokuthola kabusha, isivinini esisheshayo sokucwiliswa kwegolide, kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokukhipha igolide, ngakho-ke iye yathuthukiswa futhi yasetshenziswa ngokushesha.

3. Ubuchwepheshe Be-Cyanidation obushukumisayo kanye Nezinqubo Zabo Ezisizayo zokuLeaching

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zenqubo yegolide ye-cyanidation kusetshenziswa indlela enyakazayo ye-cyanidation, umoya ophuphumayo wawusetshenziselwa ukwenza igolide i-oxidize. Kamuva, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi kokukhipha igolide kanye nokuqonda okwandayo kwabantu ngokubaluleka komoya-mpilo ekucwiliseni, izinqubo ezisizayo zokungenisa umoya-mpilo ezifana ne-oxygen - i-leaching ethuthukisiwe kanye noketshezi - isigaba se-oxidant - ukukhishwa okusizwayo kuye kwavela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-hydrogen peroxide noma i-potassium permanganate - ukucwiliswa kosizo, i-ammonia - i-cyanide - i-leaching esiza, ukushisisa nokucindezela - ukucwiliswa okusiziwe, kanye ne-nitrate ye-lead - i-leaching esiza.

I-oksijeni - i-leaching enothile ingakhuphula ukugcwala komoya-mpilo ohlelweni lwe-leaching, okuthuthukisa i-oxidation yegolide futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa. I-hydrogen peroxide kanye ne-potassium permanganate, njengama-oxidants aqinile, ingasheshisa ukukhishwa kwegolide ensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise isivinini sokuvuza. I-Ammonia - i-cyanide - ukucwiliswa okusizwayo kungashintsha indawo yamakhemikhali yesisombululo se-leaching, esizuzisa ukuchithwa kwegolide. Ukushisisa nokucindezela - ukukhishwa okusizwayo kungakhuphula izinga lokusabela ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokushisa nezimo zengcindezi, kuyilapho i-nitrate yomthofu - i-leaching yokusiza ingabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuphenduleni kwe-cyanidation yegolide.

4. Izinselele kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, inqubo ye-slime enyakazayo ye-cyanidation isabhekene nezinselelo ezithile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide enobuthi obukhulu kudinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nokuphathwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza nokungcoliswa kwe-cyanide. Ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwenqubo nakho kudinga inani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Ngokuzayo, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kulo mkhakha kuzogxila ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokukhipha igolide ezingayisiyo kakhulu nezemvelo. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukuhlola amanye ama-non-cyanide leaching agents ukuze athathe indawo ye-cyanide, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo ezikhona ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokuthuthukisa kakhulu okokusebenza nokugeleza kwenqubo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kukonke kokumbiwa kwegolide. Ukwengeza, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bedijithali nobuhlakani, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe kuyo yonke inqubo ye-slime enyakazayo ye-cyanidation kungase futhi kulethe amathuba amasha okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi.

Sengiphetha, inqubo ye-slime enyakazayo ye-cyanidation idlale indima ebalulekile embonini yezimayini zegolide. Nakuba inobubi obuthile, ukusungula izinto ezintsha nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kuzoyisiza ukuthi ivumelane kangcono nezidingo zentuthuko yemboni futhi ifake isandla ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemboni yezimayini zegolide.