Iqhaza Le-Hydrogen Peroxide Ezinqubweni Zokucwilisa I-Sodium Cyanide

Isingeniso

Emkhakheni wokukhishwa kwegolide nezinye izinqubo zokubuyisela insimbi, ukukhishwa kwe-cyanide, ikakhulukazi nge i-sodium cyanide, sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi. Le nqubo, eyenza insimbi encibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes, iyasebenza kodwa ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa. Inkinga eyodwa enkulu ijubane lokusabela elihamba kancane kanye nesidingo sokutholakala okwanele komoyampilo ukuze kuncibilike izinsimbi njengegolide. Lapha kulapho i-hydrogen peroxide (I-H₂O₂) ivele njengesengezo esithembisayo sokuthuthukisa inqubo ye-cyanide leaching.

Izisekelo zeCyanide Leaching

I-Cyanide leaching isebenza ngoba ama-ion e-cyanide angasabela ngezinsimbi ukuze akhe izakhiwo ezizinzile nezincibilikayo. Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhipha igolide, umoya-mpilo udlala indima ebalulekile njenge-oxidizing. Isiza ukuguqula igolide libe yifomu elingahlangana nama-cyanide ions, okuholela enkingeni encibilikayo engacutshungulwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kutholwe igolide. Kodwa-ke, kuma-ore amaningi, umoya-mpilo otholakala ngokwemvelo uvela emoyeni ngokuvamile awanele. Lokhu kushoda kuholela ekuphenduleni kancane kanye nokukhipha insimbi okungaphelele.

I-Hydrogen Peroxide Isiza Kanjani Ekushiseni kweCyanide

1. Ukunikezwa Kweoksijini

I-hydrogen peroxide iyi-ejenti enamandla oxidizing. Uma yengezwe kusisombululo se-cyanide leaching, iyaphuka futhi ikhiphe umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kunikezwa komoya-mpilo okwengeziwe kukhulisa kakhulu i-oxidation yezinsimbi phakathi nenqubo yokucwilisa. Ezinsimbi ezisansimbi eziqukethe amaminerali e-sulfide, isibonelo, ukukhishwa kwe-oksijini kwalawa ma-sulfide komoyampilo kubalulekile ekukhululeni igolide elingaphakathi. Umoya-mpilo okhishwa i-hydrogen peroxide ungasheshisa lesi sinyathelo se-oxidation, kwenze kube lula nge-cyanide ukuthi isabele negolide kamuva.

2. Ukusheshisa Izinga Lokuvuza

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-hydrogen peroxide ingakhuphula isivinini esiphelele senqubo ye-cyanide leaching. Ayinikezi nje umoya-mpilo owengeziwe; iphinde ibambe iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuphula izingqimba ezivikelayo ebusweni bezinhlayiya ze-ore. Kwesinye isikhathi, ama-metal sulfide noma amanye amaminerali akha ungqimba ezinhlayiyeni ezinegolide, ezivimba i-cyanide ukuthi ingafinyeleli egolideni. I-hydrogen peroxide ingasabela ngalezi zendlalelo, ngokuzigcoba nge-oxidizing noma ngokuzihlukanisa ngokomzimba ngesenzo sama-radicals mahhala akhiqizwa phakathi nokubola kwawo. Lokhu kuvumela ama-cyanide ions ukuthi afinyelele igolide kalula, ngaleyo ndlela andise izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide.

3. Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Cyanide

Ekucwilisweni kwe-cyanide yendabuko, inani elikhulu le-cyanide lisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ekuphenduleni ngegolide kodwa nasekuphenduleni eceleni namanye ama-ion ensimbi akhona kunsimbi, njengethusi, i-zinc, nensimbi. Lokhu kusabela okuseceleni kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokusabela kwegolide - i-cyanide futhi kukhuphule izindleko eziphelele zenqubo yokucwilisa. I-hydrogen peroxide ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, ngokuthuthukisa i-oxidation yegolide, ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwegolide - i-cyanide complex ngokushesha, okushiya isikhathi esincane sokuthi i-cyanide iphendule nezinye izinsimbi. Okwesibili, i-hydrogen peroxide ingashintsha uhlobo lwama-ion ensimbi aphazamisayo ukuze asabele kancane nge-cyanide. Isibonelo, ingaguqula ama-ion ayoni abe yi-ferric ion. Ama-ion e-ferric enza ama-complexes azinzile kancane ane-cyanide, ehlisa inani le-cyanide elimoshayo ekuphenduleni okuseceleni okungakhiqizi.

I-Case Studies kanye Nobufakazi Bokuhlola

Izivivinyo eziningi zaselabhorethri kanye nokuhlolwa kwezimboni kufakazele ukusebenza kwe-hydrogen peroxide ekucwiliseni i-cyanide. Kolunye ucwaningo lwetshe legolide elinzima - ukulicubungula, ukungeza i-hydrogen peroxide esixazululweni sokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide kwenyuse izinga lokuvuza kwegolide ngo-20 - 30% uma kuqhathaniswa nokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide yendabuko ngokufaka umoya nje. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sincishiswe kakhulu, kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa nje.

Emayini yegolide esikalini sezimboni, kusetshenziswa i-hydrogen peroxide enqubweni yokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide kuholele ekwehleni ngo-15%. ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kuyilapho sisalondoloza izinga eliphezulu lokuthola igolide. Lokhu akwehlisanga nje kuphela izindleko zokusebenza ezihlobene nokuthenga i-cyanide kodwa futhi kwanciphisa izingozi zemvelo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa nokulahlwa kwe-cyanide.

Imiyalo yokusebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide

1. Ukuhlushwa

Inani elifanele le-hydrogen peroxide elizongezwa esixazululweni se-cyanide leaching lincike ezicini ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nohlobo lwensimbi, ukugcwala kwe-cyanide kakade esixazululweni, nokuba khona kwamanye amaminerali. Ngokuvamile, ukugxila phakathi kuka-0.1 - 1% (ngevolumu) kutholakale kusebenza kahle ezimweni eziningi. Kodwa uma ukugxila kuphezulu kakhulu, kungabangela i-over - oxidation yezinsimbi, kuhlanganise negolide. Lokhu ku-oxidation ngokweqile kungase kudale izinhlanganisela zegolide ezincibilika kancane futhi kunciphise inani legolide elingatholakala.

2. Ukulawulwa kwe-pH

Izinga le-pH lesisombululo se-leaching libaluleke kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide. Ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanide kuvame ukwenzeka nge-pH ephezulu (cishe i-9 - 12) ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwegesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide. I-hydrogen peroxide izinzile kumanani aphezulu we-pH. Kodwa-ke, uma i-pH iphezulu kakhulu, inganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-hydrogen peroxide njenge-oxidizing agent. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwe-pH kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kokubili i-cyanide ne-hydrogen peroxide kusebenza kahle ohlelweni lokucwilisa.

I-3. Ukuphepha

I-hydrogen peroxide iyi-oxidizing eqinile futhi ingaba yingozi uma ingaphathwa kahle. Ingacasula isikhumba namehlo, futhi ngezindlela ezigxilile, ingaba nokuqhuma. Lapho usebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide ekucwiliseni i-cyanide, izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kufanele zisetshenziswe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela, ukugcina kanye nokuphatha ikhemikhali ngendlela efanele.

Isiphetho

I-hydrogen peroxide ibonise amandla amakhulu njengesengezo ku I-Sodium Cyanide izinqubo ze-leaching. Ngokunikeza umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, ukusheshisa izinga lokuvuza, kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide, kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwezomnotho kokukhipha insimbi, ikakhulukazi igolide. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yamakhemikhali, ukwenza kahle kahle nokunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Njengoba imboni yezimayini iqhubeka nokubheka izindlela zokukhipha ezisebenza kahle nezisimeme, ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen peroxide ekukhishweni kwe-cyanide cishe kuzoba okubaluleke nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo.