Umthelela Wokucwiliswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Ezimweni Zezinga Eliphansi Lobusika Lezinga lokushisa

Isingeniso

I-Cyanide leaching, inqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimayini yokukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva ku-ores, kube yisihloko socwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokwenza kahle. Inqubo ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwe-a I-Sodium Cyanide isisombululo sokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu, ukwakha inkimbinkimbi i-cyanide izinhlanganisela. Nokho, ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwale nqubo kungathonywa kakhulu izici ezihlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo izinga lokushisa lidlala indima ebalulekile. Ebusika, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi likhona, inqubo ye-cyanide leaching ihlangabezana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele ezingaba nomthelela kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhipha, ukusebenza komnotho, nemithelela yemvelo. Lesi sihloko sicubungula imithelela ethile yamazinga okushisa aphansi Ukukhishwa kwe-sodium cyanide, ukuhlola izindlela eziyisisekelo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba, nokuxoxa ngezixazululo ezingaba khona ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga ezihambisanayo.

I-Chemical Reaction Kinetics emazingeni okushisa aphansi

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kunqubo ye-cyanide leaching kuncike kumazinga okushisa. Ukusabela phakathi i-sodium cyanide, umoya-mpilo, nezinsimbi eziyigugu, okuphumela ekwakhekeni kwezingxube ze-metal-cyanide ezincibilikayo, ngokuvamile ziyingozi kakhulu. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha, izinga okwenzeka ngalo lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali lehla kakhulu. Kumongo we-cyanide leaching, amazinga okushisa aphansi asho ukuthi ukusabela phakathi kwama-ion e-cyanide nama-athomu ensimbi eyigugu endaweni ye-ore kwenzeka ngesivinini esincishisiwe. Lesi silinganiso sokusabela esinensayo siholela ngokuqondile esikhathini eside esidingekayo sokuvuza ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifanayo lokukhishwa kwensimbi njengasezimweni zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Kwezinye izimo, uma izinga lokushisa lehla kakhulu, ukusabela kungase kuhambe kancane kangangokuthi ukusebenza kwenqubo yokucwilisa kuba sengozini kakhulu.

I-Solubility ye-Cyanide ne-Metal Complexes

Izinga lokushisa liphinde libe nomthelela ekuncibilikeni kwezinto ezibandakanyekayo kunqubo ye-cyanide leaching. Ukunyibilika kwe-sodium cyanide kushintsha nezinga lokushisa, futhi ngokuvamile, njengoba izinga lokushisa liyehla, ukuncibilika kokuqinile okuningi emanzini kuyehla. Ngoba I-sodium cyanide, ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokushisa kungabangela ama-ion e-cyanide ekhambisweni ukuthi aqale ukuphuma uma ukugxila kudlula lokho okungancibilika ekushiseni okuphansi. Le mvula ayinciphisi nje kuphela inani elisebenzayo le-cyanide elitholakalayo ekuphenduleni ukucwiliswa kwamanzi kodwa futhi lingavala amapayipi nezinto zokusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncibilika kwe-metal-cyanide complexes okwakhiwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwilisa kuzwela ukushisa. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, lezi zinkimbinkimbi zingase zingancibiliki kancane. Uma zidlidliza, izinsimbi eziyigugu ziyasuswa esixazululweni, zivimbele ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo nokululama. Ukuna kwezakhiwo zensimbi-cyanide kungaphinda kudale amadiphozithi aqinile endaweni yensimbi, kuvimbe ama-ion e-cyanide ukuthi angafinyeleli ezinhlayiyeni zensimbi eyigugu ezisele futhi kuvimbele nakakhulu inqubo yokucwilisa.

I-Viscosity kanye Nokusabalalisa Kuzixazululo Zezinga Lokushisa Eliphansi

I-viscosity yesisombululo se-cyanide iyanda emazingeni okushisa aphansi. I-viscosity ikala ukumelana koketshezi nokugeleza. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, ama-molecule ekhambi ahamba kancane futhi asebenzelana ngokuqinile, okwenza ikhambi libe likhulu. Esixazululweni se-cyanide esine-viscous kakhulu, kuba nzima kakhulu kuma-ion e-cyanide nama-molecule e-oksijini, okubalulekile ekuphenduleni kwe-leaching, ukuhamba ngesisombululo ukuze kufinyelele izinhlayiya ze-ore.

Ngokwezimiso zokusabalalisa, izinga lawa ma-reactants asakazwa ngesixazululo lihlobene ngokuphambene ne-viscosity yesisombululo. Ngakho-ke, esixazululweni esiwugqinsi, esinezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-cyanide, ama-reactants athatha isikhathi eside ukufika endaweni ye-ore, ehlisa ijubane lonke izinga lokuvuza. Lo mphumela ubonakala ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yokukhishwa kwenqwaba, lapho isixazululo sidinga ukugeleza ezindundumeni ezinkulu zensimbi. Ukwanda kwe-viscosity kungabangela ikhambi ukuthi ligeleze ngokungalingani, okuholela ekucwiliseni ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinye izindawo futhi kushiye izinsimbi eziyigugu ezingakhishiwe.

Umthelela Ezisetshenziswa Nengqalasizinda

Izindawo ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi nazo ziletha izinselele kumishini nengqalasizinda esetshenziswa ohlelweni lokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide. Amapayipi, amaphampu, namathangi okugcina konke kusengozini emakhazeni. Ukukhuphuka kwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-cyanide kubeka umthwalo owengeziwe kumaphampu, okuwenza asebenze kanzima ukuze agcine izinga lokugeleza elifunekayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nokuguga okwengeziwe kwezingxenye zephampu, okungase kufinyeze ukuphila kwazo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yokuqandisa kwamapayipi namathangi okugcina iyinkinga enkulu. Uma ikhambi le-cyanide liba yiqhwa, lingaqhuma amapayipi futhi libangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini. Ngisho noma ingaqini ngokuphelele, ukwakheka kwamakristalu eqhwa kusengaphazamisa ukugeleza futhi kubangele ukuvinjwa. Ukuze kuvinjwe lezi zinkinga, imisebenzi yezimayini ngokuvamile kufanele itshale ekushiseni okungeziwe kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye namapayipi ezindaweni ezibandayo. Nokho, lezi zinyathelo zenyusa izindleko zokusebenza zenqubo yezimayini.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Ekushiseni Kwezinga Eliphansi Le-Cyanide

Ukukhathazeka kwemvelo okuhlotshaniswa nokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide kuba nzima kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ingozi yokuchitheka nokuvuza kwe-cyanide ihlale ikhona emisebenzini yezimayini, futhi ezimeni ezibandayo, imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu. Uma isixazululo se-cyanide sichitheka endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphansi, amazinga okushisa aphansi anciphisa ukuwohloka kwemvelo kwe-cyanide endaweni ezungezile. I-Cyanide inobuthi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokuphila, futhi ukuphikelela kwayo ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi kungase kube usongo olukhulu ezintweni eziphila emanzini, ezintweni eziphilayo zenhlabathi, kanye nempilo okungenzeka ibe khona yomuntu uma indawo engcolile iseduze nemithombo yamanzi noma izindawo ezinabantu abaningi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-viscosity eyandayo kanye nemvula engaba khona ye-cyanide kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa kwenza kube nzima ukuphatha kahle nokulahla izixazululo zemfucuza. Amasistimu okulawula udoti aklanyelwe izisombululo eziqukethe i-cyanide enezinga lokushisa elivamile angase angasebenzi ngendlela ephumelelayo esimweni sezulu esibandayo, okwandisa ingozi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo uma ingalungiswanga kahle.

Amasu Okunciphisa Umthelela Wamazinga Okushisa Aphansi

Ukushisa Isixazululo seCyanide

Enye indlela yokulwa nemiphumela emibi yokushisa okuphansi ukushisa isisombululo se-cyanide. Ngokuphakamisa izinga lokushisa, isivinini sokuphendula singathuthukiswa, ukuncibilika kwe-cyanide kanye ne-metal complexes kungagcinwa, futhi i-viscosity ingancishiswa. Ama-heater okushisa acwiliswe emanzini asetshenziswe kweminye imisebenzi yezimayini ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo kahle kokushisa okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ingaletha ezinye izinkinga, njengokuncibilikisa inani elikhulu le- I-Carbon i-dioxide esixazululweni se-alkaline cyanide, okungabangela ukungcola kwepayipi. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ama-heat exchanger, angafudumeza ikhambi ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokubangela imiphumela emibi eminingi yamakhemikhali futhi asetshenziswe ngempumelelo ezindaweni eziningi zokumba.

Ukulungisa ama-Chemical Reagents kanye Nezimo

Ukulungiselela ama-reagents amakhemikhali nezimo kungasiza futhi ukunciphisa umthelela wamazinga okushisa aphansi. Isibonelo, ukulungisa i-pH yesisombululo se-cyanide kungathinta ukunyibilika nokusebenza kabusha kwezinto ezihilelekile enqubweni yokucwilisa. Kwezinye izimo, ukushintsha kancane i-pH ibe uhla olufaneleka kakhulu ezimweni zezinga lokushisa eliphansi kungathuthukisa ukuzinza kwezakhiwo ze-metal-cyanide futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucwilisa. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ezithile noma ama-catalysts kungahlolwa. Ezinye izinto zingehlisa amandla adingekayo ekuphenduleni kwe-leaching, ngaleyo ndlela zenze izinga lokusabela elihamba kancane elibangelwa amazinga okushisa aphansi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhethwa kwezithasiselo ezinjalo kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azidali izinkinga ezintsha zemvelo noma zokusebenza.

Izisetshenziswa Zokugqumisa Nokuvikela

Ukuze kubhekwane nezinselele zemishini nengqalasizinda ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa, izindlela zokuvikela ezibanzi zokufakelwa kanye nokuvikela ziyadingeka. Amapayipi namathangi okugcina angavalwa ngezinto ezifana ne-fiberglass noma igwebu ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi kuvinjelwe ukubanda. Amateyipu okufudumeza noma amasistimu okushisa okulandela umkhondo nawo angafakwa emapayipini ukuze kugcinwe isisombululo se-cyanide esigelezayo sisezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Ukugcinwa njalo nokuhlolwa kwezinto zokusebenza kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga noma ukulimala okubangelwa amakhaza ngesikhathi. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka okukhulu kwemishini futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo ye-cyanide leaching.

Isiphetho

Umthelela wezindawo ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi ebusika ekulethweni kwe-sodium cyanide embonini yezimayini unezici eziningi futhi uyinkimbinkimbi. Kusukela ekwehliseni ijubane ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuba nomthelela ekuncibilikeni nasekusabalaliseni kuye ekubekeni izinselele kumishini nengqalasizinda kanye nokwandisa izingozi zemvelo, amazinga okushisa aphansi anganciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nempumelelo yenqubo yokucwilisa amanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenzisa amasu afanelekile njengokushisisa isisombululo, ukulungisa izimo zamakhemikhali, kanye nemishini yokuvikela, imisebenzi yezimayini inganciphisa le mithelela futhi iqhubeke nokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide ezindaweni ezibandayo. Njengoba isidingo sezinsimbi eziyigugu silokhu siphezulu kanye nemisebenzi yezimayini inweba ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nentuthuko ekuthuthukiseni ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanide ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa kuzobaluleka ukuze imboni yezimayini iqhubeke nokusebenza isikhathi eside.