Izicelo ze-NACN-Sodium Cyanide ku-Metallurgy and Chemical Industry

Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali edlala indima ebalulekile kokubili embonini yensimbi kanye neyamakhemikhali. Naphezu kobuthi bayo obukhulu, izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile ziyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni eziningana zezimboni. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwe- Sodium cyanide kulezi zimboni ezimbili ezibalulekile.

Izici ze-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide iyikristalu eqinile emhlophe enephunga elimnandi, elibabayo le-alimondi. Inesisindo se-molar cishe esingama-49.01 g/mol. Incibilika kakhulu emanzini, futhi cishe amagremu angama-46 ancibilika kumamililitha ayi-100 wamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa. Inhlanganisela iqukethe i-Na⁺ cation kanye ne-CN⁻ anion. Inephuzu lokuncibilika elicishe libe ngu-564 °C kanye nephuzu elibilayo elicishe libe ngu-1496 °C. Lezi zakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zibalulekile ekuqondeni ukusebenza kwazo ezimweni ezihlukene zezimboni.

Izicelo ku-Metallurgy

Ukukhishwa Kwegolide Nesiliva

Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokusebenzisa i -Sodium Cyanide ekukhiqizeni izinsimbi iwukukhipha igolide nesiliva ema-ore azo. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Cyanidation , isekelwe emandleni ama-ion e-cyanide ukwakha ama-complexes azinzile ngegolide nesiliva. Lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo namanzi, i-sodium cyanide isabela negolide ema-ore kanje:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Igolide - i-cyanide complex [Au(CN)₂]⁻ iyancibilika emanzini, okuvumela igolide ukuthi lihlukaniswe ne-ore matrix. Lesi sixazululo sibe sesiphinde sicutshungulwa ukuze kubuyiselwe igolide elimsulwa. Ngokufanayo, isiliva lingakhishwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokusabela efanayo. I-Cyanidation iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimayini ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo ekubuyiseni izinsimbi eziyigugu ezinsimbini ezinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphansi. Kodwa-ke, izimiso eziqinile zokuphepha nezemvelo kufanele zilandelwe phakathi nale nqubo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhululwa kwezinhlanganisela ezinobuthi ze-cyanide.

I-Metal Plating

I-sodium cyanide nayo isetshenziselwa izinqubo ze-electroplating. Ku-electroplating, ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi lufakwa phezu kwenye into. Amabhavu e-Cyanide asekelwe ku-electroplating asetshenziselwa ukunamathisela izinsimbi ezifana nethusi, isiliva, i-cadmium, ne-zinc. Ama-cyanide ions okugeza enza imisebenzi eminingana. Basiza ekuhlakazweni kwensimbi ye-anode, baqinisekise ukutholakala okuqinile kwama-ion ensimbi ukuze kufakwe. I-Cyanide futhi isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi, engathuthukisa ikhwalithi yongqimba lwensimbi olufakiwe. Inganciphisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu wediphozithi, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni okubushelelezi futhi okufanayo. Isibonelo, ekufakweni kwesiliva, i-sodium cyanide ekugezeni kokucwenga isiza ekuzuzeni i-coating yesiliva ekhanyayo, enamathelayo ku-substrate.

Ikesi Ukuqina Kwensimbi

Endabeni yokuqina kwensimbi, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziselwa ukwandisa ubulukhuni bezinto zensimbi. Inqubo ihilela ukushisa insimbi phambi kwe-cyanide - equkethe inhlanganisela. I-cyanide ibola emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ikhiphe ama-athomu e-carbon ne-nitrogen. Lawa ma-athomu asakazeka ebusweni bensimbi, akhe inhlanganisela eqinile njenge-iron carbides nama-nitrides. Lokhu kubangela ungqimba lwangaphandle oluqinile phezu kwensimbi, kuyilapho umgogodla uhlala uthambile futhi u-ductile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide uma kwenzeka ukuqina kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqokwa namandla okukhathala kwezingxenye zensimbi, kuzenze zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa njengamagiya, shafts, nama-bearings.

Izicelo Embonini Yamakhemikhali

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinhlanganisela Eziphilayo

I-sodium cyanide iyisici esibalulekile sokuqala ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemithi, amapulasitiki, odayi, namanye amakhemikhali. Isibonelo, embonini yezemithi, isetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni izidakamizwa ezifana ne-penicillin, uvithamini B₆, ne-folic acid. Ekuhlanganisweni kwe-penicillin, i-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka ochungechungeni lokusabela okuholela ekwakhiweni kwesici se-β-lactam ring structure ye-antibiotic.

Ekukhiqizeni amapulasitiki, i-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-monomers. Isibonelo, isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-acrylonitrile, okuyi-monomer yokwenza i-polyacrylonitrile (PAN), i-polymer evamile esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imicu yokwenziwa namapulasitiki. Ukusabela kwe-sodium cyanide namanye amakhemikhali kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezicutshungulwa futhi ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo owufunayo.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Cyanides ye-Inorganic

I-Sodium cyanide isetshenziswa njengento yokuqala ekukhiqizweni kwamanye ama-cyanide abalulekile angaphili . Isibonelo, isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-Potassium cyanide (KCN), i-zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)₂), kanye ne-copper cyanide (CuCN). Lawa ma- Cyanide angaphili anezicelo zawo ezimbonini ezahlukene. I-Potassium cyanide isetshenziswa ekufakeni i-electroplating, ikakhulukazi ekufakeni igolide nesiliva. I-Zinc cyanide isetshenziswa enqubweni yokufakeni i-zinc, kanti i-copper cyanide isetshenziswa ekufakeni i-electroplating yethusi nasekukhiqizweni kwama-alloy athile asekelwe ethusi. Ukukhiqizwa kwala ma-cyanide angaphili ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusabela i-sodium cyanide nosawoti wensimbi ofanele noma ngezinye izindlela zamakhemikhali.

Sebenzisa Ekuhlaziyeni Amakhemikhali

Ekuhlaziyeni kwamakhemikhali, i-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa kumasu athile okuhlaziya. Isibonelo, ekunqumeni ama-ion athile ensimbi ekuxazululeni, i-cyanide ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokungeza i-sodium cyanide esixazululweni esiqukethe i-ion yensimbi, izinkimbinkimbi zensimbi ethile - cyanide zingakhiwa. Lezi zakhiwo zivame ukuba nezimpawu zesici, njengombala noma ukuncibilika, okungasetshenziswa ukukhomba noma ukulinganisa i-ion yensimbi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi obudlulele be-sodium cyanide, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuhlaziyeni amakhemikhali kulawulwa kakhulu, futhi okunye, izindlela ezinobuthi obuncane ngokuvamile zikhethwa uma zikhona.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokuphepha

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-sodium cyanide iyingozi kakhulu. Ukuchayeka ku-sodium cyanide, kungaba ngokuhogela, ukumunca, noma ukuthinta isikhumba, kungabulala. Isebenza ngokuphazamisa ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana, ivimbela amangqamuzana ekusebenziseni umoya-mpilo ngokuphumelelayo. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni ze-sodium cyanide, izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile kufanele zisetshenziswe. Izisebenzi eziphethe i-sodium cyanide kufanele zigqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, okuhlanganisa amagilavu, izibuko, nokuvikela ukuphefumula. Izindawo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide kufanele zakhelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokuchitheka, futhi izinhlelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo kufanele zibe khona uma kwenzeka kukhishwa ngengozi. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nakho kuyinkinga enkulu, njengoba noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwe-sodium cyanide endaweni ezungezile kungaba nemiphumela emibi ezilwaneni zasendle nasemithonjeni yamanzi.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide, naphezu kobuthi bayo bemvelo, inemisebenzi ehlukahlukene futhi ebalulekile kuzo zombili izimboni ze-metallurgy namakhemikhali. Ku-metallurgy, ibalulekile ekukhishweni kwensimbi eyigugu, ukucwecwa kwensimbi, nokuqinisa amakesi. Embonini yamakhemikhali, isebenza njengesiqalo esibalulekile sokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela eziningi ze-organic kanye ne-inorganic futhi inezinhlelo zokusebenza ekuhlaziyeni amakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhambisane nezinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha kanye nokuvikela imvelo ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nale nhlanganisela enobuthi obukhulu. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, imizamo yenziwa ngokuqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela ezingafinyelela imigomo efanayo yezimboni ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhemikhali eyingozi kangaka, kodwa okwamanje, i-sodium cyanide isalokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni.