Yiziphi izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwelapha ubuthi be-cyanide?

I-Sodium cyanide iyinhlanganisela enobuthi obukhulu ebeka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni lapho itholakala. Ingangena emzimbeni ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphefumula, ukuthintana nesikhumba, noma ukugwinya. Ukuqonda uhlobo lobuthi be-cyanide kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kubalulekile ekuphathweni nasekululameni okuphumelelayo. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukunikeza umbono oningiliziwe ngobuthi be -Sodium cyanide , izimpawu zayo, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezinconywayo.

Kuyini I-Sodium Cyanide?

I-Sodium cyanide iyi-salt emhlophe, encibilika emanzini esetshenziswa kakhulu ezinqubweni zezimboni ezifana nokumbiwa kwegolide kanye nokufakwa kwe-electroplating. Iphinde isetshenziswe ezinqubweni ezithile zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo, i-sodium cyanide ihlukaniswa njengento eyingozi futhi ukuvezwa kwayo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi yezempilo, okuhlanganisa nokufa.

Ubuthi Mechanism

I-Cyanide isebenza ngokuvimbela ikhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo. Ibophezela ku-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekile ochungechungeni lwezokuthutha lwe-electron mitochondrial, ivimbela amaseli ekusebenziseni umoya-mpilo ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kubangela i-hypoxia yamangqamuzana, okuthi, uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezitho ngokushesha nokufa.

Izimpawu zika I-sodium cyanide ubuthi

Izimpawu ze-sodium cyanide poisoning zingavela ngokushesha futhi zihlanganisa:

• Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula: ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphefumula kancane, noma ukuyeka ukuphefumula.

• Izimpawu ze-neurological: Ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ukudideka, ukuxhuzula, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

• Imiphumela yenhliziyo: Isilinganiso senhliziyo esisheshayo, umfutho wegazi ophansi, noma ukumiswa kwenhliziyo.

• Izimpawu zesisu: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma ubuhlungu besisu.

• UKUCABANGA KWESIKHUMBA NAMASO: Ukubomvu, umuzwa wokushisa noma ukusha kwamakhemikhali lapho kuthintana.

Impendulo Esheshayo Ku-Cyanide Poisoning

Uma kusolwa ubuthi be-sodium cyanide, kufanele kuthathwe isinyathelo esisheshayo. Nazi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele:

1. Susa iziguli endaweni ezichayeke kuyo: Susa iziguli ngokushesha endaweni engcolile ukuze uvimbele ukuchayeka okwengeziwe.

2. UKUHLANZA: Uma isiguli sithinte i-sodium cyanide ngesikhumba noma emehlweni, susa zonke izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza indawo ethintekile ngamanzi amaningi noma usawoti okungenani imizuzu emi-5. Qiniseka ukuthi uvikela amehlo akho phakathi nale nqubo.

3. Ukuhlanza isisu: Uma kugwinywa i-sodium cyanide, ukuhlanza isisu kufanele kwenziwe ngesisombululo se-oxidant (njenge-5% sodium thiosulfate noma i-0.02% potassium permanganate). Ukuhlanza isisu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukumuncwa.

4. Ukunakekelwa Okusekelayo: Uma isiguli sibonisa ukuphefumula okungajulile noma okuyekile, nikeza izikhuthazi zokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okwenziwe ngokushesha.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngobuthi be-cyanide

Uma isiguli sesizinzile, imithi ethile ingasetshenziswa ukulwa nemiphumela ye-cyanide:

1. I-Amyl nitrite: Cwilisa i-capsule ye-amyl nitrite ngendwangu bese uvumela isiguli ukuba siphefumule umhwamuko. Lokhu kuyikhambi elisheshayo eliguqula i-hemoglobin ibe yi-methemoglobin, ebopha i-cyanide futhi inciphise ubuthi bayo.

2. I-Sodium nitrite: I-Sodium nitrite incibilikiswa esixazululweni se-glucose, umthamo u-6-12 mg/kg, umjovo womjovo ngemithambo yegazi. Umjovo kufanele wehle kancane, kungabi ngaphansi kwemizuzu eyi-10. Qapha ngokucophelela umfutho wegazi wesiguli, ngoba i-sodium nitrite ingabangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi. Uma umfutho wegazi wehla kakhulu, umuthi kufanele uyekwe.

3. I-Sodium Thiosulfate: Ngemva kokujova nge-Sodium nitrite , i-sodium thiosulfate engu-50% ijovwa ngesivinini esifanayo. Le khompawundi isebenza njengomnikeli wesulfure, ikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-cyanide ibe yi-thiocyanate, engenobuthi kakhulu futhi ingakhishwa ngezinso. Uma kudingeka, ingxenye noma umthamo ogcwele ungaphindwa ngemva kwehora elilodwa.

4. Ukuqaphela: Ezigulini ezinobuthi obuncane, i-sodium thiosulfate yodwa inganele. Ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala, isiguli kumele siqashwe izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu aziphinde zibuye.

Amanothi abalulekile

• Ingozi Yokusebenzisa Ukweqisa: Kokubili i-sodium nitrite kanye ne-sodium thiosulfate kungabangela ubuthi uma kuthathwa ngemithamo eminingi. Ukuthatha umthamo nokuqapha ngokucophelela kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukusabela okubi.

• Ukuqapha isikhathi eside: Ngemva kokuba isigaba esibucayi sobuthi sesilawulwa, isiguli kufanele sibhekwe ukuze sibone noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izinkinga ezibambezelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuqapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa noma izinkinga zokuphefumula.

• Ukulungela Okuphuthumayo: Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele zibe nezinqubo zokubhekana nobuthi be-cyanide, okuhlanganisa ukutholakala kwemithi yokulwa namagciwane kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ukubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo ezinjalo.

Ekuphetheni

Ubuthi be-sodium cyanide yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukuqashelwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha. Ukwazi izimpawu kanye nezimpendulo ezifanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yokwelashwa kulabo abathintekile. Ngokulandela izimiso zokwelapha ezimisiwe kanye nokuqinisekisa ukususwa kokungcola okufanele, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangaphatha ngempumelelo ubuthi be-cyanide futhi banciphise imiphumela yabo engase ibe yingozi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula ukuthi ezimeni okusoleka ukuthi zinoshevu, ukunakwa ngokushesha kubalulekile.