Yiziphi izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwelapha ubuthi be-cyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide iyinhlanganisela enobuthi obukhulu ebeka izingozi zezempilo ezibalulekile lapho uchayeka. Ingangena emzimbeni ngezindlela ezehlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhogela, ukuthinta isikhumba, noma ukumunywa. Ukuqonda uhlobo lobuthi be-cyanide kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kubalulekile ekuphatheni okuphumelelayo nokululama. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ephelele ye Ubuthi be-sodium cyanide, izimpawu zayo, nezinketho zokwelashwa ezinconyiwe.

Kuyini I-Sodium Cyanide?

I-sodium cyanide iwusawoti omhlophe, oncibilika emanzini osetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zezimboni ezifana nokumbiwa kwegolide kanye ne-electroplating. Ibuye isetshenziswe ezinqubweni ezithile zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo, i-sodium cyanide ihlukaniswa njengento eyingozi futhi ukuchayeka kungaholela emiphumeleni yezempilo engathi sína, kuhlanganise nokufa.

Ubuthi Mechanism

I-Cyanide isebenza ngokuvimbela ikhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo. Ibophezela ku-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekile ochungechungeni lwezokuthutha lwe-electron mitochondrial, ivimbela amaseli ekusebenziseni umoya-mpilo ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kubangela i-hypoxia yamangqamuzana, okuthi, uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezitho ngokushesha nokufa.

Izimpawu zika I-sodium cyanide ubuthi

Izimpawu ze-sodium cyanide poisoning zingavela ngokushesha futhi zihlanganisa:

• Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula: ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okungajulile, noma ukuyeka ukuphefumula.

• Izimpawu ze-Neurological: Ubuhlungu bekhanda, isiyezi, ukudideka, ukuquleka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

• Imiphumela yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, umfutho wegazi ophansi, noma ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

• Izimpawu ze-gastrointestinal: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma ubuhlungu besisu.

• UKUHLUKANA KWESIKHUMBA KANYE NEMEHLO: Ububomvu, ukuzwa ukushisa noma ukusha kwamakhemikhali lapho uthintana.

Impendulo Esheshayo Ku-Cyanide Poisoning

Uma kusolwa ubuthi be-sodium cyanide, kufanele kuthathwe isinyathelo esisheshayo. Nazi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele:

1. Susa iziguli emthonjeni wokuchayeka: Khipha ngokushesha iziguli endaweni engcolile ukuze uvimbele ukuchayeka okwengeziwe.

2. UKUDECONTAMINATION: Uma isiguli siye sahlangana ne-sodium cyanide ngesikhumba noma amehlo, susa zonke izingubo ezingcolile futhi ugeze indawo ethintekile ngamanzi amaningi noma u-saline okungenani imizuzu engu-5. Qiniseka ukuthi uvikela amehlo akho phakathi nale nqubo.

3. Ukugeza isisu: Uma i-sodium cyanide idliwe, ukugezwa kwesisu kufanele kwenziwe ngesisombululo se-oxidant (njenge-5% ye-sodium thiosulfate noma i-0.02% ye-potassium permanganate). I-gastric lavage kufanele yenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukumuncwa.

4. Ukunakekela Okusekelayo: Uma isiguli sibonisa ukushona phansi noma ukuyeka ukuphefumula, nikeza izikhuthazi zokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okwenziwe ngokushesha.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngobuthi be-cyanide

Uma isiguli sesizinzile, imithi ethile ingasetshenziswa ukulwa nemiphumela ye-cyanide:

1. I-Amyl nitrite: Gcoba i-amyl nitrite capsule etsheni bese ucela isiguli sihogele umhwamuko. Lena ikhambi elisheshayo eliguqula i-hemoglobin ibe i-methemoglobin, ebopha ku-cyanide futhi yehlise ubuthi bayo.

2. I-sodium nitrite: I-sodium nitrite incibilika kusisombululo se-glucose, umthamo ngu-6-12 mg/kg, umjovo we-intravenous. Umjovo kufanele uhambe kancane, ungabi ngaphansi kwemizuzu eyi-10. Gada eduze umfutho wegazi wesiguli, ngoba nitrite sodium kungabangela hypotension. Uma umfutho wegazi wehla kakhulu, umuthi kufanele umiswe.

3. I-Sodium Thiosulfate: Ngemva kokuba Umjovo we-sodium nitrite, i-50% ye-sodium thiosulfate ijovwa ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Le nhlanganisela isebenza njengomnikeli wesulfure, yenza kube lula ukuguqulwa kwe-cyanide ibe yi-thiocyanate, engenabuthi obuncane futhi ingakhishwa ngezinso. Uma kunesidingo, umthamo wesigamu noma ogcwele ungaphinda ihora elilodwa kamuva.

4. Ukuqaphela: Ezigulini ezinoshevu omncane, i-sodium thiosulfate iyodwa ingase yanele. Ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala, isiguli kufanele sigadwe izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2 ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi izimpawu aziphindi.

Amanothi abalulekile

• Ingozi ye-Overdose: Kokubili i-sodium nitrite ne-sodium thiosulfate kungabangela ubuthi uma kuthathwa imithamo eyeqile. Ukudosa okucophelela kanye nokuqapha kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukusabela okungekuhle.

• Ukuqapha isikhathi eside: Ngemuva kokuthi isigaba esibi sobuthi silawulwa, isiguli kufanele sibhekwe nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibambezelekile noma izinkinga. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuqapha ukushoda kwemizwa noma izinkinga zokuphefumula.

• Ukulungiselela Isimo Esiphuthumayo: Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zibe nezimiso ezisetshenziswayo zokubhekana nobuthi be-cyanide, okuhlanganisa nokuba khona kwemithi yokwelapha kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe ukuze babhekane nezimo eziphuthumayo ezinjalo.

Ekuphetheni

Ubuthi be-sodium cyanide yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukuqashelwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha. Ukwazi izimpawu kanye nezimpendulo ezifanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yokwelashwa kulabo abathintekile. Ngokulandela izimiso zokwelapha ezimisiwe kanye nokuqinisekisa ukususwa kokungcola okufanele, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangaphatha ngempumelelo ubuthi be-cyanide futhi banciphise imiphumela yabo engase ibe yingozi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula ukuthi ezimeni okusoleka ukuthi zinoshevu, ukunakwa ngokushesha kubalulekile.