Ukuqonda I-Gold Ore Processing CIL, i-CIP: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, inqubo ye-cyanidation ayiweli ngaphansi kwesigaba sokucutshungulwa kwezimbiwa kodwa kufanele ihlukaniswe njenge-hydrometallurgy. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanidation ukukhipha igolide kuyindlela evame kakhulu emhlabeni. I-prin yayoI-CIPle incike enkingeni ye i-cyanide ama-ion anegolide lamahhala ukwenza i-cyanide yegolide, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuze ukuncibilika kwegolide. Siyazi ukuthi igolide emvelweni likhona esimweni esikhululekile; noma ngabe imbozwe ngaphakathi kwamanye amaminerali, ihlala igolide eliyisisekelo uma selidaluliwe. Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi ukuphumelela (izinga lokubuyisela) lenqubo ye-cyanidation ekukhipheni igolide, ngezinga elithile, kuncike emandleni okukhulula igolide elihlanganisiwe.

Inqubo yokukhishwa kwe-CIL (Carbon In Leach), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-carbon leaching ukuze kukhishwe igolide, iyinqubo ehilela ukungeza ikhabhoni ecushiwe ku-pulp kanye kanye nokwenza i-leaching kanye ne-adsorption yegolide. Lokhu kwenza kube lula izinyathelo ezimbili ze-cyanide leaching ye-pulp kanye ne-carbon adsorption eyenziwe yasebenza etholakala kunqubo ye-CIP (Carbon In Pulp) ibe isinyathelo esisodwa, ukwehlisa ukulahlekelwa kuyilapho kwehlisa izindleko zokuphatha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo ye-CCD yendabuko, yonga u-66% wezindleko zokutshala izimali, okuyenza ibe inqubo ekhethwayo yokucubungula insimbi yegolide yesimanje.Enqubweni ye-carbon pulp, "ikhabhoni" kanye "ne-pulp" ibhekisela kukhabhoni ocushiwe kanye ne-pulp yamaminerali, ngokulandelana, esikhundleni sokumiswa kwekhabhoni njengoba singase sicabange ngokujwayelekile. Ngokuya ngesikhathi sokwethulwa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe, sibhekisa kunqubo yokuvuza elandelwa yi-adsorption njengendlela ye-carbon pulp (CIP), kuyilapho ukucwiliswa kanye nokukhangisa ngasikhathi sinye kubizwa ngokuthi indlela ye-carbon leaching (CIL). Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo ngempumelelo kwemishini yokukhiqiza, inani elandayo lezitshalo ze-cyanide zisebenzisa le ndlela. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuqeda isidingo sokugeza i-pulp kanye nokuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile, njengoba isebenzisa ngokuqondile i-granular activated carbon ukukhangisa igolide kusuka ku-pulp, esikhundleni sokuwasha, ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile, nokucacisa, ukukhipha, kanye nemisebenzi yokubuyisela i-zinc ye-leachate. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu inqubo yokukhiqiza ezimbonini, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, futhi kunciphisa kakhulu utshalomali lwemishini nengqalasizinda.

Inqubo ye-cyanidation idinga ukuqina okuqinile kokugaya.

Kuma-ore oxidized we-quartz vein enegolide ejwayelekile, ngenxa yokuntanta okubi kwamaminerali anegolide, kuvame ukuba nzima ukuzuza izinkomba ezinhle zokucubungula amaminerali usebenzisa izindlela zokuntanta. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenzisa inqubo ye-carbon pulp, kungenzeka ukuzuza izinga lokutholwa okuphelele elingaphezu kwama-93% ngaphansi kwesimo sokungcola okuncane okuyingozi.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuphumelela kwenqubo ye-cyanidation kuncike emandleni okukhulula igolide eligoqiwe, okwenza ukugaya kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokulungiselela izitshalo ze-carbon pulp. Ezitshalweni ezivamile ze-carbon pulp, ukucoleka kokugaya okufanele i-cyanidation ngokuvamile kudinga u-80-95% wezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze zibe ngcono kuno -0.074 mm. Kwezinye izimayini ezinokusatshalaliswa kwezimbiwa phansi, isidingo singase sibe ngaphezu kuka-95% ukuze sibe ngcono kuno -0.037 mm. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuzuza ukucoleka okudingekayo esigabeni esisodwa sokugaya izitshalo ze-carbon pulp kuyinselele impela, ngokuvamile kudingekile izigaba ezimbili noma ezintathu zokugaya.

Ukulawula ukugxila kokugaya kutholakala ngokuyinhloko ngokulungisa umthamo wamanzi okuphakelayo, inani lokuphakela kwe-ore, kanye nesilinganiso sesihlabathi sokubuyisela. Uma ukugxila kokugaya kuphezulu kakhulu, umthamo wamanzi okuphakelayo kufanele unyuswe, inani lokuphakelwa kwe-ore enqubweni yokugaya ye-circuit evaliwe yezigaba ezimbili kufanele lincishiswe, futhi isilinganiso sesihlabathi sokubuyisela kufanele senyuswe, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ukulawulwa kokugxila kokuchichima kungaphathwa ngokulungisa umthamo wamanzi okuphakelayo okuchichimayo, ubude be-weir echichimayo, osayizi bokungena nokuphumayo, kanye nosayizi wokuphuma okuchichimayo. Ukulawulwa kokucwenga okuchichimayo kudinga ukulungiswa kubude be-weir echichimayo, usayizi we-outlet echichimayo, inani nesilinganiso samabhola ensimbi, ukugxiliswa kokugaya, nokugxila kokuchichima.

Kafushane, wonke amapharamitha wobuchwepheshe emsebenzini wokugaya ahlobene, ayaphelelisana, futhi ayakhawulelana. Ngakho-ke, indlela ebanzi nedidiyelwe kufanele ithathwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokulawula inqubo.

Ukuvimbela i-hydrolysis ama-cyanides kubaluleke kakhulu.

The Ama-cyanides sivame ukusebenzisa (i-potassium cyanide, I-sodium cyanide, i-calcium cyanide) zonke izisekelo eziqinile nosawoti we-asidi obuthakathaka, othambekele kwi-hydrolysis emanzini, ekhiqiza i-hydrogen cyanide engathinta ukugcwala kwama-ion e-cyanide ku-pulp. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvimbela i-hydrolysis yama-cyanides ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukukhulisa ukugcwala kwama-ion e-hydroxide, okuyilokho esivame ukubhekisela kukho njengokwandisa inani le-pH. I-ejenti yokulungiswa kwe-pH eyonga kakhulu embonini i-lime, kodwa i-lime ingabangela kalula ukugeleza ngenkathi ilungisa i-pH. Ngakho-ke, siyayengeza ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokugaya ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ihlakazekile kahle.Ngesikhathi se-cyanide leaching, isisombululo kufanele sigcine i-alkalinity ethile ukuvimbela ukubola kwe-cyanides, kodwa i-alkalinity yesisombululo se-cyanide akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kunganciphisa izinga lokuqedwa kwegolide.

Njengoba isikhathi sokucwiliswa sikhula, izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide liyathuthuka, kodwa ngemva kwephuzu elithile, ukwelula isikhathi sokucwiliswa akwenzi ngokuphawulekayo izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa isikhathi esithile sokuvuza phakathi ne-cyanide leaching ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhishwa kwegolide okusebenzayo. Ngokuvamile, inani le-pH ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-carbon pulp lisebenza kakhulu uma liphakathi kuka-10 no-11.

Ukulawula ukugxila kwe-pulp kuyisici esibalulekile senqubo ye-cyanidation.

Noma ngabe igolide ne-cyanide noma i-cyanide yegolide nekhabhoni ecushiwe, ukuthintana okwanele kuyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe izinkomba ezinhle zokucubungula amaminerali, okubeka izimfuno eziphezulu ekugxilweni kwe-pulp. Uma ukugxila kuphezulu kakhulu, kungashona kalula phezu kwekhabhoni ecushiwe; uma iphansi kakhulu, ingahlala kalula. Ukwengeza, ukuze kugcinwe inani elifanele le-pH kanye nokugxila kwe-cyanide, inani elikhulu lama-reagents kufanele lengezwe. Lapho kukhethwa ama-cyanides, izici ezifana nekhono lawo elihlobene lokuncibilikisa igolide, ukuzinza, kanye nomthelela wokungcola ekuncibilikeni kwegolide kufanele kucatshangelwe.

Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuzijwayeza ukukhiqiza, kukholakala ukuthi ukugxiliswa kuka-40-45% we-carbon pulp gold extraction kanye ne-cyanide concentration engu-300-500 ppm kufanelekile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukugaya ngokuvamile kudinga izigaba ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zokusebenza, kanti ukugxila komkhiqizo wokugcina kuvamise ukuba ngaphansi kwama-20%. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokungena ekusebenzeni kwe-leaching, i-pulp kufanele ibe nenqubo yokuqina.

Ukulawula kwe I-Sodium Cyanide ukugxilisa ingqondo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-leaching kufanele kulandele lezi zimiso: ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilika kwegolide, kunciphise ngokufanelekile i-sodium cyanide ukugxilisa ingqondo ukwenza ukugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide kuhambisane kulo lonke uchungechunge lwamathangi okugezwa, noma kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide emathangeni okuleaching angaphambili kuphezulu kunalawo akamuva. Uma buncane uhla lokuguquguquka lokugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide elawulwa kuthangi ngalinye lokuvuza, kuba ngcono. Kungcono ukuthi isilinganiso samathangi aleaching anezela i-sodium cyanide enanini eliphelele lamathangi aleaching libe phezulu. Ukulinganisa ukugxila kwe-sodium hydroxide kaningi kunenzuzo ekulawuleni izimo zobuchwepheshe zokusebenza. I-sodium cyanide ivamise ukungezwa ethangini ngalinye ngokuhlangana okungaba ngu-10%.

I-Basic Mechanism ye-Cyanide Leaching Process

Kusukela kufomula engenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi inqubo ye-cyanidation iyinqubo edinga umoya-mpilo, njengoba ukwethulwa komoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kungasheshisa izinga lokuvuza. Yiqiniso, singakwazi futhi ukwengeza ama-oxidizing agents, njenge-hydrogen peroxide; kodwa-ke, ama-oxidants amaningi angaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-cyanate ion kusuka ku-cyanide, okungeyona inzuzo enkambisweni ye-leaching.

Kusukela kufomula, singabona futhi ukuthi i-mol engu-1 yegolide idinga kuphela i-2 mol ye-cyanide ukuze ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Mayelana nesisindo, cishe i-1 g yegolide idinga u-0.5 g we-cyanide njenge-ejenti yokucwilisa. Kodwa-ke, ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, ngenxa yethonya lamanye amaminerali, njengesiliva, ithusi, i-lead, ne-zinc, engabhekana nokusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi nge-cyanide, umthamo wama-reagents akufanele ukhawulelwe ekubalweni kuphela. Kufanele ilungiswe ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sokugcina se-leaching, futhi ukulungiswa kufanele kulandelelwe lapho izakhiwo zensimbi zishintsha. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi obungu-200 kuya kwezingu-500 ngaphezu kwenani elibaliwe bubhekwa bunengqondo. Kafushane, ukuqinisekisa ukugcwala kwe-cyanide ion ku-pulp kuyisimo esidingekayo sokuthola izinkomba ezinhle.

Uma i-adsorbed yegolide kukhabhoni elayishiwe ifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-3000 g/t, sicabanga ukuthi yonke inqubo yokukhangiswa kwe-carbon pulp isiqediwe. Kodwa-ke, ama-ore anokungcola okuphezulu kwethusi nesiliva angaphinda athinte umthamo we-adsorption wekhabhoni ecushiwe, okuholela ekutheni ikhabhoni elayishwe igolide ingafinyeleli izinhloso zethu ezilindelekile. Uma ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingasenawo amandla e-adsorption, siyibheka njengegcwele. Ukuze uthole i-saturated activated carbon, sidinga ukuxubha kanye ne-electrolyze ukuze sithole igolide. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi elandelayo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Ezifundeni ezinokukhiqizwa kwegolide okuphezulu, singathengisa ikhabhoni elayishwe igolide ukuze senze inzuzo, noma indlela elula ukuthola igolide ngokulishisa.

Shaanxi United Chemical ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe kanye nomphakeli we-sodium cyanide, ikhemikhali eyinhloko esetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezimayini kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali. Ithimba lochwepheshe ku United Chemical ayihlinzeki ngemikhiqizo kuphela kodwa futhi izinikele ekunikezeni ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuphelele. Ngolwazi olunzulu lwemboni, ochwepheshe bethu bayakwazi ukubhekana nanoma yimiphi imibuzo noma izinselele ongase uhlangabezane nazo. Ngokukhetha Shaanxi United Chemical njengomphakeli wakho we-sodium cyanide, uzothola ukufinyelela olwazini oluningi nezinsiza ezingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwakho futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle. Uzakwethu manje ukuze uthole ukwesekwa kochwepheshe kanye nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu.