Inqubo ye-Thiourea Gold Extraction: Izimiso, Ukusebenza, kanye Nokucatshangelwa

Isingeniso

Ukukhishwa kwegolide kuyinqubo ebalulekile embonini yezimayini nezinsimbi eziyigugu. Phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukene zokukhipha, i ThioureaUkukhishwa Kwegolide inqubo isithole ukunakwa okuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva. I-Thiourea, enefomula yamakhemikhali \(SCN_2H_4\), iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo edlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuzohlola kabanzi inqubo yokukhipha igolide le-thiourea, okuhlanganisa izimiso zayo, izinyathelo zokusebenza, izici ezinethonya, kanye nezinzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko.

Izimiso ze-Thiourea Gold Extraction

Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokukhipha igolide le-thiourea sisemandleni ayo okwenza izakhiwo ezizinzile ezinama-ion egolide endaweni ene-asidi. Lapho kukhona into eyenza i-oxidizing, igolide ku-ore likhishwa nge-oxid bese lihlangana ne-thiourea ukuze lenze izingxube zegolide-thiourea ezincibilikayo. Ama-oxidizing agents ajwayelekile asetshenziswa kule nqubo yi-iron(III) ions kanye ne-oxygen encibilikile.

I-Thiourea izinzile kuzixazululo ezine-asidi, okuyisici esibalulekile esenza le nqubo yokukhipha. Endaweni ene-acidic, i-thiourea ingenza uchungechunge lwama-ion ayinkimbinkimbi anama-cations ensimbi. Nokho, ngaphandle IMERCURY, ukuzinza kwama-ion ayinkimbinkimbi we-thiourea nezinye izinsimbi kuphansi kakhulu. Lesi sici sinikeza isizinda segolide esisekelwe e-thiourea ngokukhetha okuphezulu kwegolide.

Izinyathelo Zokusebenza Enqubweni Yokukhipha Igolide ye-Thiourea

Ukulungiselela Ore

Isinyathelo sokuqala senqubo yokukhipha igolide le-thiourea ukulungiswa kwe-ore. Insimbi idinga ukuchotshozwa futhi igaywe ibe usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanele ukuze kwandiswe indawo engaphezulu ukuze ixhumane kangcono nesixazululo se-thiourea. Ngokuvamile, uma usayizi wezinhlayiya ucoleka, izinga lokusabela liphezulu phakathi kwe-ore nesisombululo esine-thiourea. Kodwa-ke, ukugaya okuhle kakhulu kungase futhi kulethe imiphumela engemihle, njengokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nobunzima ekuhlukaneni okuqinile okulandelanayo - okuwuketshezi.

Thiourea Leaching

Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-ore, i-ore yomhlabathi ixubene nesisombululo esine-thiourea. Njengoba i-thiourea ingazinzile ezixazululweni ze-alkaline futhi ibola kalula ibe ama-sulfide nama-amino.ama-cyanides, ikhambi le-leaching ngokuvamile liyisisombululo se-sulfuric acid ehlanjululweyo ye-thiourea. Kubalulekile ukufaka i-asidi kuqala bese kuthi i-thiourea ugweme ukushisa okweqile kwendawo kwe-pulp, okungadala i-thiourea hydrolysis futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kwayo.

Ngesikhathi Leaching Process, izici ezifana nokugcwala kwe-thiourea, uhlobo nenani le-ejenti ekhipha i-oxidizing, inani le-pH lesixazululo, izinga lokushisa le-pulp, nesikhathi sokucwilisa konke kunomthelela omkhulu esilinganisweni sokucwiliswa kwegolide. Isibonelo, izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide ngokuvamile liyenyuka ngokwanda kokugxiliswa kwe-thiourea, kodwa i-thiourea eningi ingase iholele ezindlekweni eziphakeme kanye nezinkinga zemvelo ezingaba khona. Inani le-pH yendawo ephakathi lihlobene nokugxila kwe-thiourea. Ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elivamile nezimo zomthamo we-thiourea, inani le-pH yendawo ephakathi okungcono lingaphansi kuka-1.5. Kodwa-ke, i-acidity akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho, izokwandisa inani le-asidi elincibilikayo lokungcola kwensimbi.

Okuqinile - Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamanzi

Ngemuva kwenqubo ye-leaching, ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile - okuwuketshezi kwenziwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe isixazululo esikhulelwe esiqukethe izakhiwo zegolide-thiourea ezinsalela eziqinile. Okuqinile okujwayelekile - Izindlela zokuhlukanisa uketshezi zifaka ukuhlunga kanye ne-sedimentation. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuhlukanisa kuncike ezintweni ezifana nemvelo yensimbi, usayizi wezinhlayiyana zokuqinile, kanye nesilinganiso sokusebenza. Okuqinile okuqinile - ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yesisombululo esikhulelwe futhi kube lula imisebenzi yokutholwa kwegolide elandelayo.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwegolide Kusixazululo Esikhulelwe

Kunezindlela eziningana zokubuyisela igolide kwisixazululo esikhulelwe esitholakala ngemuva kokuhlukana okuqinile - okuwuketshezi. Izindlela ezimbili ezivamile insimbi esikhundleni kanye electrowinning.

Ukushintshwa Kwensimbi: Izinsimbi ezifana ne-iron ne-aluminium zingasetshenziswa njengama-ejenti anciphisa esikhundleni segolide elisuka ku-golden-thiourea complex in the solution. Igolide elishintshiwe lakha imvula eqinile, engaphinde icutshungulwe ukuze kutholwe igolide elimsulwa.

I-Electrowining: Enqubweni ye-electrowinning, amandla kagesi adluliswa ngesisombululo esikhulelwe. Ama-ion egolide esixazululweni ancishiswa ku-cathode futhi afakwe endaweni ye-cathode, kuyilapho i-thiourea nezinye izinto zikhishwa nge-oxidized ku-anode. Le ndlela ingafinyelela ukutholakala kwegolide elicwengekile eliphezulu kodwa idinga izinto ezithile zikagesi nezimo zokusebenza ezifanele.

Ukucwengwa Kwemikhiqizo Yegolide

Igolide elitholwe ngemva kokutholwa livamise ukuqukatha ukungcola okuthile futhi lidinga ukucolisiswa ukuze kutholwe imikhiqizo yegolide emsulwa. Inqubo yokucwenga iyafana neyegolide etholakala ngezinye izindlela zokulikhipha, njenge-cyanidation. Izindlela zokucwenga ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa ukucwengwa kwamakhemikhali nokucwengisiswa kwe-electrolytic, okungasusa ngempumelelo ukungcola futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlanzeka kwegolide ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemakethe.

Izinto Ezithinta Inqubo Yegolide Ye-Thiourea

Ukubunjwa kwamaminerali kwe-Ore

Ukwakheka kwamaminerali kwe-ore kunomthelela omkhulu enqubweni yokukhipha igolide le-thiourea. Ithusi, ama-bismuth oxides ezintweni zokusetshenziswa azoncibilika abe yi-asidi futhi abe yinkimbinkimbi ne-thiourea, okunciphisa umphumela wokukhishwa kwegolide kwe-thiourea futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinto zokusetshenziswa ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezincibilikayo ze-asidi (njenge-divalent iron, I-Carbon(Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-oxide ensimbi angewona i-ferrous, njll.) kanye nokunciphisa izingxenye, kuzokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-oxidants kanye ne-sulfuric acid futhi kunciphise izinga lokuphuma kwegolide. Kodwa-ke, amaminerali e-sulfide njengethusi, i-arsenic, i-antimony, kanye ne-lead anomthelela omncane kakhulu ekuphumeni kwegolide e-thiourea, okwenza ukukhishwa kwegolide okusekelwe e-thiourea kube nokwenzeka ukukhipha igolide nesiliva ezintweni zokusetshenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali egolide angaphikisi.

Usayizi Wezinhlayiya Zegolide Ensimbini

Usayizi wezinhlayiyana zegolide ensimbini ungenye yezinto ezithinta izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide. Ngokuvamile, usayizi wezinhlayiyana zegolide ube mncane, indawo engaphezulu ethile iba nkulu, futhi kuba lula ukuthintana nesixazululo se-thiourea, okuholela esilinganisweni esiphezulu sokuleaching. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokulungiswa kwensimbi, imisebenzi yokugaya iyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe izinhlayiya zegolide ezitsheni zivezwe ngokugcwele futhi kube lula inqubo yokucwiliswa.

Temperature

Izinga lokushisa linomphumela okabili - kunqubo yokukhipha igolide le-thiourea. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa kungasheshisa izinga lokusatshalaliswa kwama-reactants kanye nezinga lokusabela phakathi kwegolide ne-thiourea, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-thiourea inokusimama okushisayo okuphansi. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-thiourea ijwayele ukuba ne-hydrolysis futhi ibole, inciphisa ukusebenza kwayo enqubweni yokukhipha. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lenqubo ye-thiourea leaching kungcono lilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-55 °C, futhi ezimweni eziningi, lenziwa ekamelweni lokushisa.

I-pH Inani Lesixazululo

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, inani le-pH lesixazululo lihlobene eduze nokuzinza kwe-thiourea kanye nomthelela wegolide wokuleaching. I-Thiourea izinzile endaweni ene-acidic, futhi indawo ene-asidi efanelekile ivumela ukwakheka kwezakhiwo zegolide-thiourea. Kodwa-ke, uma inani le-pH liphansi kakhulu, ngeke nje likhulise inani lokungcola okuncibilika nge-asidi kodwa futhi lingase libangele ukusabela okuseceleni okungahambisani nenqubo yokukhipha. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa okunembile kwenani le-pH yesisombululo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela olungile wokukhipha.

Ukugxila kwe-Thiourea kanye ne-Oxidizing Agent

Ukugxila kwe-thiourea kuthinta ngqo inani lezinto zegolide-thiourea ezakhiwe. Ngokuvamile, ukukhulisa ukugxila kwe-thiourea kungakhuphula izinga legolide le-leaching. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa izindleko kanye nezici zemvelo, ukugxila kwe-thiourea kudinga ukwenziwa ngcono. Uhlobo nokugxilwa kwe-ejenti oxidizing nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. I-ejenti ene-oxidizing eyanele iyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-oxidation eqhubekayo yegolide ku-ore, kodwa i-ejenti e-oxidizing eyeqile ingase futhi iholele e-oxidation kanye nokubola kwe-thiourea, kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kahle kwe-thiourea.

Izinzuzo ze-Thiourea Gold Extraction Process

1. Fast Leaching Speed: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zomdabu zokukhipha igolide ezifana ne-cyanidation, inqubo yokukhipha igolide ye-thiourea inesivinini esisheshayo sokuvuza. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zegolide-thiourea endaweni ene-acidic kungancibilika ngokushesha igolide, okungafinyeza kakhulu isikhathi sokukhipha.

2. Ubuthi obuphansi: I-Thiourea inobuthi obuncane uma iqhathaniswa nayo i-cyanide esetshenziswa ezindleleni zendabuko ze-cyanidation. I-Cyanide inobuthi obukhulu futhi iyingozi enkulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea ekukhishweni kwegolide kunciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo nezokuphepha ezihlobene nezinto ezinobuthi.

3. Ukukhetha Okuhle: Ngenxa yokuzinza okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa kwama-ion ayinkimbinkimbi e-thiourea anezinsimbi eziningi ngaphandle kwe-mercury, inqubo yokukhipha igolide esekelwe e-thiourea inokukhethwa okuphezulu kwegolide. Ingakwazi ukukhipha ngokuphumelelayo igolide kuma-ore ayinkimbinkimbi aqukethe ukungcola okuhlukahlukene kwensimbi, ukunciphisa ukuphazanyiswa kokungcola enqubweni yokukhipha.

4. Okuthunyelwe Okulula - Ukwelashwa Kwesixazululo: Ngemva kwenqubo yokukhipha igolide, ikhambi eliqukethe i-thiourea kulula ukuselapha. Isibonelo, esigabeni sokutholwa kwegolide, ukusetshenziswa kokubuyisela insimbi noma izindlela zokuwina ngogesi kungahlukanisa kalula igolide nesixazululo, futhi isisombululo esisele singase siphathwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Isiphetho

Inqubo yokukhipha igolide ye-thiourea iyindlela ethembisayo emkhakheni wokukhipha igolide. Ngokuqonda izimiso zayo, izinyathelo zokusebenza, izici ezinethonya, kanye nezinzuzo, izinkampani zezimayini nabacwaningi bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa kangcono inqubo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha igolide, ukunciphisa izindleko, kanye nokunciphisa imithelela yemvelo. Nakuba kusenezinselelo ezithile okufanele zixazululwe, njengokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea nokwenza ngcono ukuzinza kwenqubo ngaphansi kwezimo ze-ore ezihlukene, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kule ndawo ngokuqinisekile kuzokhuthaza ukuthuthuka nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokukhipha igolide le-thiourea.